Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments
Aim To compare the phase transformation behaviour, the microstructure, the nano‐hardness and the surface chemistry of electro‐discharge machined HyFlex EDM instruments with conventionally manufactured HyFlex CM. Methodology New and laboratory used HyFlex EDM were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD)...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International endodontic journal 2017-03, Vol.50 (3), p.303-313 |
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| container_title | International endodontic journal |
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| creator | Iacono, F. Pirani, C. Generali, L. Bolelli, G. Sassatelli, P. Lusvarghi, L. Gandolfi, M. G. Giorgini, L. Prati, C. |
| description | Aim
To compare the phase transformation behaviour, the microstructure, the nano‐hardness and the surface chemistry of electro‐discharge machined HyFlex EDM instruments with conventionally manufactured HyFlex CM.
Methodology
New and laboratory used HyFlex EDM were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were also investigated using a maximum load of 20 mN with a minimum of 40 significant indentations for each sample. Raman spectroscopy and field emission‐scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) were used to assess the surface chemistry of HyFlex EDM. HyFlex CM were subjected to the same investigations and used as a comparison. Nano‐indentation data were statistically analysed using the Student's t‐test.
Results
XRD analysis on HyFlex EDM revealed the presence of martensite and rhombohedral R‐phase, while a mixture of martensite and austenite structure was identified in HyFlex CM. DSC analysis also disclosed higher austenite finish (Af) temperatures for electro‐discharge machining (EDM) instruments. Significant differences in nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were found between EDM and CM files (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/iej.12620 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1826650454</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1826650454</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4190-3b663faf0b34469b7fcb40d404d2bc63a7e4f25e8ff0a2d107096aa2427bd77d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10M1LwzAYx_EgipvTg_-AFLzooduT17ZHmZubTDyo55C2CXT0ZSYt2v_ezE4Pgrnk8uELzw-hSwxT7N-s0NspJoLAERpjKnhIeIKP0RgwoyGJYz5CZ85tAYADxadoREQsGMR4jMKX1nZZ21lVBqpWZe8KFzQmWPXLUn8Gi_unoKidN5WuW3eOTowqnb44_BP0tly8zlfh5vlhPb_bhBnDCYQ0FYIaZSCljIkkjUyWMsgZsJykmaAq0swQrmNjQJEcQwSJUIowEqV5FOV0gm6G7s427512rawKl-myVLVuOidxTITgwDjz9PoP3Tad9Zd4lRBgMSZ4r24HldnGOauN3NmiUraXGOR-Q-k3lN8bent1KHZppfNf-TOaB7MBfBSl7v8vyfXicUh-Aa2FeHM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1920481214</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Iacono, F. ; Pirani, C. ; Generali, L. ; Bolelli, G. ; Sassatelli, P. ; Lusvarghi, L. ; Gandolfi, M. G. ; Giorgini, L. ; Prati, C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Iacono, F. ; Pirani, C. ; Generali, L. ; Bolelli, G. ; Sassatelli, P. ; Lusvarghi, L. ; Gandolfi, M. G. ; Giorgini, L. ; Prati, C.</creatorcontrib><description>Aim
To compare the phase transformation behaviour, the microstructure, the nano‐hardness and the surface chemistry of electro‐discharge machined HyFlex EDM instruments with conventionally manufactured HyFlex CM.
Methodology
New and laboratory used HyFlex EDM were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were also investigated using a maximum load of 20 mN with a minimum of 40 significant indentations for each sample. Raman spectroscopy and field emission‐scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) were used to assess the surface chemistry of HyFlex EDM. HyFlex CM were subjected to the same investigations and used as a comparison. Nano‐indentation data were statistically analysed using the Student's t‐test.
Results
XRD analysis on HyFlex EDM revealed the presence of martensite and rhombohedral R‐phase, while a mixture of martensite and austenite structure was identified in HyFlex CM. DSC analysis also disclosed higher austenite finish (Af) temperatures for electro‐discharge machining (EDM) instruments. Significant differences in nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were found between EDM and CM files (P < 0.05). FE‐SEM and EDS analyses confirmed that both new EDM and CM files were covered by an oxide layer. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy assessed the presence of rutile‐TiO2
.
Conclusions
HyFlex EDM revealed peculiar structural properties, such as increased phase transformation temperatures and hardness. Present results corroborated previous findings and shed light on the enhanced mechanical behaviour of these instruments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0143-2885</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/iej.12620</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26864081</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Alloys ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; CM wire ; Data processing ; Dental Alloys - chemistry ; Dental Instruments ; Dentistry ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Diffraction ; Elasticity ; electro‐discharge machining ; Endodontics ; Hardness ; Materials Testing ; Mechanical properties ; metallurgical properties ; microstructure ; Nickel - chemistry ; NiTi endodontic instruments ; Raman spectroscopy ; Spectroscopy ; Surface chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Titanium - chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction</subject><ispartof>International endodontic journal, 2017-03, Vol.50 (3), p.303-313</ispartof><rights>2016 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2016 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4190-3b663faf0b34469b7fcb40d404d2bc63a7e4f25e8ff0a2d107096aa2427bd77d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4190-3b663faf0b34469b7fcb40d404d2bc63a7e4f25e8ff0a2d107096aa2427bd77d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fiej.12620$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fiej.12620$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26864081$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Iacono, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirani, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Generali, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolelli, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sassatelli, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lusvarghi, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gandolfi, M. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giorgini, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prati, C.</creatorcontrib><title>Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments</title><title>International endodontic journal</title><addtitle>Int Endod J</addtitle><description>Aim
To compare the phase transformation behaviour, the microstructure, the nano‐hardness and the surface chemistry of electro‐discharge machined HyFlex EDM instruments with conventionally manufactured HyFlex CM.
Methodology
New and laboratory used HyFlex EDM were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were also investigated using a maximum load of 20 mN with a minimum of 40 significant indentations for each sample. Raman spectroscopy and field emission‐scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) were used to assess the surface chemistry of HyFlex EDM. HyFlex CM were subjected to the same investigations and used as a comparison. Nano‐indentation data were statistically analysed using the Student's t‐test.
Results
XRD analysis on HyFlex EDM revealed the presence of martensite and rhombohedral R‐phase, while a mixture of martensite and austenite structure was identified in HyFlex CM. DSC analysis also disclosed higher austenite finish (Af) temperatures for electro‐discharge machining (EDM) instruments. Significant differences in nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were found between EDM and CM files (P < 0.05). FE‐SEM and EDS analyses confirmed that both new EDM and CM files were covered by an oxide layer. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy assessed the presence of rutile‐TiO2
.
Conclusions
HyFlex EDM revealed peculiar structural properties, such as increased phase transformation temperatures and hardness. Present results corroborated previous findings and shed light on the enhanced mechanical behaviour of these instruments.</description><subject>Alloys</subject><subject>Calorimetry, Differential Scanning</subject><subject>CM wire</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>Dental Alloys - chemistry</subject><subject>Dental Instruments</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Differential scanning calorimetry</subject><subject>Diffraction</subject><subject>Elasticity</subject><subject>electro‐discharge machining</subject><subject>Endodontics</subject><subject>Hardness</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>metallurgical properties</subject><subject>microstructure</subject><subject>Nickel - chemistry</subject><subject>NiTi endodontic instruments</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Surface chemistry</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Titanium - chemistry</subject><subject>X-Ray Diffraction</subject><issn>0143-2885</issn><issn>1365-2591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10M1LwzAYx_EgipvTg_-AFLzooduT17ZHmZubTDyo55C2CXT0ZSYt2v_ezE4Pgrnk8uELzw-hSwxT7N-s0NspJoLAERpjKnhIeIKP0RgwoyGJYz5CZ85tAYADxadoREQsGMR4jMKX1nZZ21lVBqpWZe8KFzQmWPXLUn8Gi_unoKidN5WuW3eOTowqnb44_BP0tly8zlfh5vlhPb_bhBnDCYQ0FYIaZSCljIkkjUyWMsgZsJykmaAq0swQrmNjQJEcQwSJUIowEqV5FOV0gm6G7s427512rawKl-myVLVuOidxTITgwDjz9PoP3Tad9Zd4lRBgMSZ4r24HldnGOauN3NmiUraXGOR-Q-k3lN8bent1KHZppfNf-TOaB7MBfBSl7v8vyfXicUh-Aa2FeHM</recordid><startdate>201703</startdate><enddate>201703</enddate><creator>Iacono, F.</creator><creator>Pirani, C.</creator><creator>Generali, L.</creator><creator>Bolelli, G.</creator><creator>Sassatelli, P.</creator><creator>Lusvarghi, L.</creator><creator>Gandolfi, M. G.</creator><creator>Giorgini, L.</creator><creator>Prati, C.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201703</creationdate><title>Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments</title><author>Iacono, F. ; Pirani, C. ; Generali, L. ; Bolelli, G. ; Sassatelli, P. ; Lusvarghi, L. ; Gandolfi, M. G. ; Giorgini, L. ; Prati, C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4190-3b663faf0b34469b7fcb40d404d2bc63a7e4f25e8ff0a2d107096aa2427bd77d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Alloys</topic><topic>Calorimetry, Differential Scanning</topic><topic>CM wire</topic><topic>Data processing</topic><topic>Dental Alloys - chemistry</topic><topic>Dental Instruments</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Differential scanning calorimetry</topic><topic>Diffraction</topic><topic>Elasticity</topic><topic>electro‐discharge machining</topic><topic>Endodontics</topic><topic>Hardness</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>metallurgical properties</topic><topic>microstructure</topic><topic>Nickel - chemistry</topic><topic>NiTi endodontic instruments</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Surface chemistry</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>Titanium - chemistry</topic><topic>X-Ray Diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Iacono, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirani, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Generali, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bolelli, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sassatelli, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lusvarghi, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gandolfi, M. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giorgini, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prati, C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International endodontic journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Iacono, F.</au><au>Pirani, C.</au><au>Generali, L.</au><au>Bolelli, G.</au><au>Sassatelli, P.</au><au>Lusvarghi, L.</au><au>Gandolfi, M. G.</au><au>Giorgini, L.</au><au>Prati, C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments</atitle><jtitle>International endodontic journal</jtitle><addtitle>Int Endod J</addtitle><date>2017-03</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>303</spage><epage>313</epage><pages>303-313</pages><issn>0143-2885</issn><eissn>1365-2591</eissn><abstract>Aim
To compare the phase transformation behaviour, the microstructure, the nano‐hardness and the surface chemistry of electro‐discharge machined HyFlex EDM instruments with conventionally manufactured HyFlex CM.
Methodology
New and laboratory used HyFlex EDM were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were also investigated using a maximum load of 20 mN with a minimum of 40 significant indentations for each sample. Raman spectroscopy and field emission‐scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) were used to assess the surface chemistry of HyFlex EDM. HyFlex CM were subjected to the same investigations and used as a comparison. Nano‐indentation data were statistically analysed using the Student's t‐test.
Results
XRD analysis on HyFlex EDM revealed the presence of martensite and rhombohedral R‐phase, while a mixture of martensite and austenite structure was identified in HyFlex CM. DSC analysis also disclosed higher austenite finish (Af) temperatures for electro‐discharge machining (EDM) instruments. Significant differences in nano‐hardness and modulus of elasticity were found between EDM and CM files (P < 0.05). FE‐SEM and EDS analyses confirmed that both new EDM and CM files were covered by an oxide layer. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy assessed the presence of rutile‐TiO2
.
Conclusions
HyFlex EDM revealed peculiar structural properties, such as increased phase transformation temperatures and hardness. Present results corroborated previous findings and shed light on the enhanced mechanical behaviour of these instruments.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>26864081</pmid><doi>10.1111/iej.12620</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0143-2885 |
| ispartof | International endodontic journal, 2017-03, Vol.50 (3), p.303-313 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Alloys Calorimetry, Differential Scanning CM wire Data processing Dental Alloys - chemistry Dental Instruments Dentistry Differential scanning calorimetry Diffraction Elasticity electro‐discharge machining Endodontics Hardness Materials Testing Mechanical properties metallurgical properties microstructure Nickel - chemistry NiTi endodontic instruments Raman spectroscopy Spectroscopy Surface chemistry Surface Properties Titanium - chemistry X-Ray Diffraction |
| title | Structural analysis of HyFlex EDM instruments |
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