Frequency, Nature, and Correlates of Hate Crime Victimization Experiences in an Urban Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community Members
The present study examines two central research questions. First, we sought to add to current knowledge on the frequency and types of hate crime experiences in an urban sample. Also, drawing on existing frameworks for sexual minority specific (SMS) stress, we examined internalized SMS stress (define...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of interpersonal violence 2018-02, Vol.33 (3), p.402-420 |
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| creator | Burks, Alixandra C. Cramer, Robert J. Henderson, Craig E. Stroud, Caroline H. Crosby, James W. Graham, James |
| description | The present study examines two central research questions. First, we sought to add to current knowledge on the frequency and types of hate crime experiences in an urban sample. Also, drawing on existing frameworks for sexual minority specific (SMS) stress, we examined internalized SMS stress (defined by internalized homophobia and acceptance concerns regarding one’s minority status) as a mediator of the association between hate crime victimization (i.e., objective or social SMS stress) and mental health symptoms (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general stress). Participants were 336 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community members who elected to participate in research at a community health agency in an urban southwestern United States jurisdiction. Results suggested (a) approximately one third of the sample reported lifetime hate crime victimization, with the most common types characterized by interpersonal, as opposed to property, crimes; (b) approximately half of participants reported their most recent victimization to law enforcement; and (c) internalized SMS stress mediated the relation between hate crime victimization and overall mental health symptoms. Findings are discussed with respect to implications of the unique nature of hate crimes in an urban setting, as well as theoretical and practical implications of SMS stress findings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0886260515605298 |
| format | Article |
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First, we sought to add to current knowledge on the frequency and types of hate crime experiences in an urban sample. Also, drawing on existing frameworks for sexual minority specific (SMS) stress, we examined internalized SMS stress (defined by internalized homophobia and acceptance concerns regarding one’s minority status) as a mediator of the association between hate crime victimization (i.e., objective or social SMS stress) and mental health symptoms (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general stress). Participants were 336 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community members who elected to participate in research at a community health agency in an urban southwestern United States jurisdiction. Results suggested (a) approximately one third of the sample reported lifetime hate crime victimization, with the most common types characterized by interpersonal, as opposed to property, crimes; (b) approximately half of participants reported their most recent victimization to law enforcement; and (c) internalized SMS stress mediated the relation between hate crime victimization and overall mental health symptoms. 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First, we sought to add to current knowledge on the frequency and types of hate crime experiences in an urban sample. Also, drawing on existing frameworks for sexual minority specific (SMS) stress, we examined internalized SMS stress (defined by internalized homophobia and acceptance concerns regarding one’s minority status) as a mediator of the association between hate crime victimization (i.e., objective or social SMS stress) and mental health symptoms (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general stress). Participants were 336 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community members who elected to participate in research at a community health agency in an urban southwestern United States jurisdiction. Results suggested (a) approximately one third of the sample reported lifetime hate crime victimization, with the most common types characterized by interpersonal, as opposed to property, crimes; (b) approximately half of participants reported their most recent victimization to law enforcement; and (c) internalized SMS stress mediated the relation between hate crime victimization and overall mental health symptoms. Findings are discussed with respect to implications of the unique nature of hate crimes in an urban setting, as well as theoretical and practical implications of SMS stress findings.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Bisexuality</subject><subject>Bisexuality - psychology</subject><subject>Bisexuality - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Common lands</subject><subject>Community</subject><subject>Community Relations</subject><subject>Community research</subject><subject>Crime - psychology</subject><subject>Crime - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Crime Victims - psychology</subject><subject>Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hate</subject><subject>Hate crimes</subject><subject>Health research</subject><subject>Homophobia</subject><subject>Homophobia - psychology</subject><subject>Homophobia - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Homosexuality</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Law enforcement</subject><subject>Lesbianism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Minority Groups</subject><subject>Sexual and Gender Minorities - psychology</subject><subject>Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sexual Orientation</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban crime</subject><subject>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Victimization</subject><subject>Victims of Crime</subject><issn>0886-2605</issn><issn>1552-6518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1LAzEQhoMotlbvniTgxUNXk2ySZo9aqhWqHvy4Lkk6Kyn7UZNdaP0N_mhTqiKCl0mYed53JhmEjik5p3Q0uiBKSSaJoCIGlqkd1KdCsEQKqnZRf1NONvUeOghhQQihQql91GMyVUJlso8-rj28dVDb9RDf67bzMMS6nuNx4z2UuoWAmwJP4wWPvasAvzjbusq969Y1NZ6sluBdlEfO1VGJn72J8VFXyxI20hkE43Q9xDd6vbW-cgFWnS5jj6rqateu8R1UBnw4RHuFLgMcfZ0D9HQ9eRpPk9nDze34cpbYVIo24RnnPDMmS7lNR1yxTMS8FGnBhVUSbFZwsEzLIuXUyPmcCm2oJYxYyUyaDtDZ1nbpm_j20OaVCxbKUtfQdCGniknJRlyqiJ7-QRdN5-s4XE4zJeMYXJJIkS1lfROChyJfxr_Sfp1Tkm8Wlf9dVJScfBl3poL5j-B7MxFItkDQr_Cr63-Gn1oOmZ4</recordid><startdate>201802</startdate><enddate>201802</enddate><creator>Burks, Alixandra C.</creator><creator>Cramer, Robert J.</creator><creator>Henderson, Craig E.</creator><creator>Stroud, Caroline H.</creator><creator>Crosby, James W.</creator><creator>Graham, James</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201802</creationdate><title>Frequency, Nature, and Correlates of Hate Crime Victimization Experiences in an Urban Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community Members</title><author>Burks, Alixandra C. ; 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| subjects | Adult Anxiety Bisexuality Bisexuality - psychology Bisexuality - statistics & numerical data Common lands Community Community Relations Community research Crime - psychology Crime - statistics & numerical data Crime Victims - psychology Crime Victims - statistics & numerical data Female Hate Hate crimes Health research Homophobia Homophobia - psychology Homophobia - statistics & numerical data Homosexuality Humans Law enforcement Lesbianism Male Mental depression Mental Health Minority Groups Sexual and Gender Minorities - psychology Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data Sexual Orientation Stress Symptoms Urban areas Urban crime Urban Population - statistics & numerical data Victimization Victims of Crime |
| title | Frequency, Nature, and Correlates of Hate Crime Victimization Experiences in an Urban Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community Members |
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