Experimental Investigation on Non-Darcian Flow in Unbound Graded Aggregate Material of Highway Pavement
The unbound graded aggregate base (UGAB) has been widely used in drainage layers of highway pavements. This kind of material is of high permeability and can thus drain efficiently the water infiltrated through cracks in the pavement and reduce the associated water damage. The hydraulic conductivity...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Transport in porous media 2016-03, Vol.112 (1), p.189-206 |
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| creator | Dan, Han-Cheng He, Lin-Hua Xu, Bo |
| description | The unbound graded aggregate base (UGAB) has been widely used in drainage layers of highway pavements. This kind of material is of high permeability and can thus drain efficiently the water infiltrated through cracks in the pavement and reduce the associated water damage. The hydraulic conductivity of UGAB is a key factor describing the water flow behavior in UGAB and thus be considered primarily in the design of highway drainage engineering. In this study, the flow behavior of UGAB material was investigated through constant head permeability experiments. Based on the Reynolds number analysis, it was found that the flow in UGAB material was non-Darcian even though under relatively low hydraulic gradient. Therefore, the Darcy law cannot be directly applied to determine the hydraulic conductivity of UGAB. Furthermore, the empirical expression of coefficients in Forchheimer equation, which can be available to evaluate hydraulic conductivity of UGAB material approximately, is presented incorporating the representative particle size and porosity based on the Ergun equation. Then, it was validated against the aid of normalized objective function analysis. Through comparison analysis, the sequencing of hydraulic conductivity of UGAB material was sorted quantitatively in terms of different gradation and representative particle size (
d
50
and
d
¯
). The results also showed that the
d
50
(
d
¯
)
and the content of fine particles ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11242-016-0640-z |
| format | Article |
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d
50
and
d
¯
). The results also showed that the
d
50
(
d
¯
)
and the content of fine particles (<0.075 mm) are appropriate indexes for the gradation design of UGAB material in highway pavement engineering.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0169-3913</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-1634</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11242-016-0640-z</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Civil Engineering ; Classical and Continuum Physics ; Darcys law ; Design analysis ; Drainage ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Empirical equations ; Fluid dynamics ; Fluid flow ; Function analysis ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences ; Highways ; Hydraulic conductivity ; Hydraulics ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering ; Mathematical analysis ; Particle size ; Pavements ; Permeability ; Porosity ; Reynolds number ; Sequences ; Water damage ; Water flow</subject><ispartof>Transport in porous media, 2016-03, Vol.112 (1), p.189-206</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016</rights><rights>Transport in Porous Media is a copyright of Springer, (2016). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a372t-d4745ea8bcd53f0ca2b37a6d82094e3c0113eb3a58459a9f9a52f7b7fa67e7813</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a372t-d4745ea8bcd53f0ca2b37a6d82094e3c0113eb3a58459a9f9a52f7b7fa67e7813</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11242-016-0640-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11242-016-0640-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dan, Han-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Lin-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Bo</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental Investigation on Non-Darcian Flow in Unbound Graded Aggregate Material of Highway Pavement</title><title>Transport in porous media</title><addtitle>Transp Porous Med</addtitle><description>The unbound graded aggregate base (UGAB) has been widely used in drainage layers of highway pavements. This kind of material is of high permeability and can thus drain efficiently the water infiltrated through cracks in the pavement and reduce the associated water damage. The hydraulic conductivity of UGAB is a key factor describing the water flow behavior in UGAB and thus be considered primarily in the design of highway drainage engineering. In this study, the flow behavior of UGAB material was investigated through constant head permeability experiments. Based on the Reynolds number analysis, it was found that the flow in UGAB material was non-Darcian even though under relatively low hydraulic gradient. Therefore, the Darcy law cannot be directly applied to determine the hydraulic conductivity of UGAB. Furthermore, the empirical expression of coefficients in Forchheimer equation, which can be available to evaluate hydraulic conductivity of UGAB material approximately, is presented incorporating the representative particle size and porosity based on the Ergun equation. Then, it was validated against the aid of normalized objective function analysis. Through comparison analysis, the sequencing of hydraulic conductivity of UGAB material was sorted quantitatively in terms of different gradation and representative particle size (
d
50
and
d
¯
). The results also showed that the
d
50
(
d
¯
)
and the content of fine particles (<0.075 mm) are appropriate indexes for the gradation design of UGAB material in highway pavement engineering.</description><subject>Civil Engineering</subject><subject>Classical and Continuum Physics</subject><subject>Darcys law</subject><subject>Design analysis</subject><subject>Drainage</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Empirical equations</subject><subject>Fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Function analysis</subject><subject>Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Highways</subject><subject>Hydraulic conductivity</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Pavements</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Reynolds number</subject><subject>Sequences</subject><subject>Water damage</subject><subject>Water flow</subject><issn>0169-3913</issn><issn>1573-1634</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1LxDAURYMoOI7-AHcBN26i-WrTLkWdccCvha7Da5vWDp1kTDqOzq83pYIgCOFl8e65JAehU0YvGKXqMjDGJSeUpYSmkpLdHpqwRAnCUiH30SQuciJyJg7RUQhLSiOVyQlqbj_XxrcrY3vo8MJ-mNC3DfStszieR2fJDfiyBYtnndvi1uJXW7iNrfDcQ2UqfNU03kTC4Ic4fBtrXI3v2uZtC1_4GT7MUH6MDmrogjn5uafodXb7cn1H7p_mi-urewJC8Z5UUsnEQFaUVSJqWgIvhIK0yjjNpRElZUyYQkCSySSHvM4h4bUqVA2pMipjYorOx961d--b-Bm9akNpug6scZugWcYTmUZZeYye_Yku3cbb-DrNhZSJyKQaCtmYKr0LwZtar6Mu8F-aUT2o16N6HQ3rQb3eRYaPTIhZ2xj_2_w_9A1AVIbl</recordid><startdate>20160301</startdate><enddate>20160301</enddate><creator>Dan, Han-Cheng</creator><creator>He, Lin-Hua</creator><creator>Xu, Bo</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160301</creationdate><title>Experimental Investigation on Non-Darcian Flow in Unbound Graded Aggregate Material of Highway Pavement</title><author>Dan, Han-Cheng ; He, Lin-Hua ; Xu, Bo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a372t-d4745ea8bcd53f0ca2b37a6d82094e3c0113eb3a58459a9f9a52f7b7fa67e7813</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Civil Engineering</topic><topic>Classical and Continuum Physics</topic><topic>Darcys law</topic><topic>Design analysis</topic><topic>Drainage</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Empirical equations</topic><topic>Fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Function analysis</topic><topic>Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Highways</topic><topic>Hydraulic conductivity</topic><topic>Hydraulics</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Pavements</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Reynolds number</topic><topic>Sequences</topic><topic>Water damage</topic><topic>Water flow</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dan, Han-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Lin-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Bo</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Transport in porous media</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dan, Han-Cheng</au><au>He, Lin-Hua</au><au>Xu, Bo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Experimental Investigation on Non-Darcian Flow in Unbound Graded Aggregate Material of Highway Pavement</atitle><jtitle>Transport in porous media</jtitle><stitle>Transp Porous Med</stitle><date>2016-03-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>112</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>189</spage><epage>206</epage><pages>189-206</pages><issn>0169-3913</issn><eissn>1573-1634</eissn><abstract>The unbound graded aggregate base (UGAB) has been widely used in drainage layers of highway pavements. This kind of material is of high permeability and can thus drain efficiently the water infiltrated through cracks in the pavement and reduce the associated water damage. The hydraulic conductivity of UGAB is a key factor describing the water flow behavior in UGAB and thus be considered primarily in the design of highway drainage engineering. In this study, the flow behavior of UGAB material was investigated through constant head permeability experiments. Based on the Reynolds number analysis, it was found that the flow in UGAB material was non-Darcian even though under relatively low hydraulic gradient. Therefore, the Darcy law cannot be directly applied to determine the hydraulic conductivity of UGAB. Furthermore, the empirical expression of coefficients in Forchheimer equation, which can be available to evaluate hydraulic conductivity of UGAB material approximately, is presented incorporating the representative particle size and porosity based on the Ergun equation. Then, it was validated against the aid of normalized objective function analysis. Through comparison analysis, the sequencing of hydraulic conductivity of UGAB material was sorted quantitatively in terms of different gradation and representative particle size (
d
50
and
d
¯
). The results also showed that the
d
50
(
d
¯
)
and the content of fine particles (<0.075 mm) are appropriate indexes for the gradation design of UGAB material in highway pavement engineering.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11242-016-0640-z</doi><tpages>18</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Civil Engineering Classical and Continuum Physics Darcys law Design analysis Drainage Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Empirical equations Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Function analysis Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Highways Hydraulic conductivity Hydraulics Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Mathematical analysis Particle size Pavements Permeability Porosity Reynolds number Sequences Water damage Water flow |
| title | Experimental Investigation on Non-Darcian Flow in Unbound Graded Aggregate Material of Highway Pavement |
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