Oxidation of the odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate: Kinetics, products, and pathways
The transformation efficiency and products of an odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of persulfate were investigated for the first time. The effects of water matrix (i.e., natural organic matter (NOM), pH, carbonate/bicarbonate (HCO3−/CO32−), and...
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| creator | Luo, Congwei Jiang, Jin Ma, Jun Pang, Suyan Liu, Yongze Song, Yang Guan, Chaoting Li, Juan Jin, Yixin Wu, Daoji |
| description | The transformation efficiency and products of an odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of persulfate were investigated for the first time. The effects of water matrix (i.e., natural organic matter (NOM), pH, carbonate/bicarbonate (HCO3−/CO32−), and chloride ions (Cl−)) were evaluated. The second order rate constant of TCA reacting with sulfate radical (SO4−) was determined to be (3.72 ± 0.10) × 109 M−1 s−1. Increasing dosage of persulfate increased the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant for TCA degradation (kobs), and the contribution of SO4− to TCA degradation was much higher than that of HO at each experimental condition. Degradation rate of TCA decreased with pH increasing from 4.0 to 9.0, which could be explained by the lower radical scavenging effect of dihydrogen phosphate than hydrogen phosphate in acidic condition (pH |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.039 |
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•Degradation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV/persulfate was studied for the first time.•Impacts of water matrices components were simulated by a kinetic model.•Oxidation products of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in UV/persulfate were examined.•2,4,6-trichloroanisole degradation pathway in UV/persulfate was tentatively proposed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.039</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27016634</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>2,4,6-trichloroanisole ; Benzoquinones ; Carbonates ; Degradation ; Degradation pathway ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetic model ; Kinetics ; Marine ; Oxidant products ; Oxidation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Persulfate ; Phosphates ; Radicals ; Rate constants ; Scavenging ; Sulfates - chemistry ; TCP (protocol) ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2016-06, Vol.96, p.12-21</ispartof><rights>2016</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-fa90f79cb2dbaa402f61bb68623b916d5778b4f64a20433e9321895d7cf11b73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c428t-fa90f79cb2dbaa402f61bb68623b916d5778b4f64a20433e9321895d7cf11b73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541630166X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27016634$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Luo, Congwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pang, Suyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yongze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Chaoting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Yixin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Daoji</creatorcontrib><title>Oxidation of the odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate: Kinetics, products, and pathways</title><title>Water research (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><description>The transformation efficiency and products of an odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of persulfate were investigated for the first time. The effects of water matrix (i.e., natural organic matter (NOM), pH, carbonate/bicarbonate (HCO3−/CO32−), and chloride ions (Cl−)) were evaluated. The second order rate constant of TCA reacting with sulfate radical (SO4−) was determined to be (3.72 ± 0.10) × 109 M−1 s−1. Increasing dosage of persulfate increased the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant for TCA degradation (kobs), and the contribution of SO4− to TCA degradation was much higher than that of HO at each experimental condition. Degradation rate of TCA decreased with pH increasing from 4.0 to 9.0, which could be explained by the lower radical scavenging effect of dihydrogen phosphate than hydrogen phosphate in acidic condition (pH < 6). NOM significantly decreased kobs due to the effects of radical scavenging and UV absorption with the former one being dominant. kobs decreased from 2.32 × 10−3 s−1 to 0.92 × 10−3 s−1 with the CO32−/HCO3− concentration increased from 0.5 mM to 10 mM in the UV/persulfate process, while kobs slightly decreased from 2.54 × 10−3 s−1 in the absence of Cl− to 2.10 × 10−3 s−1 in the presence of 10 mM Cl−. Most of these kinetic results could be described by a steady-state kinetic model. Furthermore, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry at powerful precursor ion scan approach was used to selectively detect oxidation products of TCA. It was found that 2,4,6-trichorophenol (TCP) was the major oxidation product (i.e., the initial yield of TCP was above 90%). The second order rate constant between TCP and SO4− was estimated to be (4.16 ± 0.20) × 109 M−1 s−1. In addition, three products (i.e., 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone and two aromatic ring-opening products) were detected in the reaction of TCP with SO4−, which also appeared in the oxidation of TCA in the UV/persulfate process. A tentative pathway was proposed, where the initial one-electron oxidation of TCA by SO4− and further reactions (e.g., ipso-hydroxylation and aromatic ring-cleavage) of the formed cation intermediate TCA were involved.
•Degradation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV/persulfate was studied for the first time.•Impacts of water matrices components were simulated by a kinetic model.•Oxidation products of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in UV/persulfate were examined.•2,4,6-trichloroanisole degradation pathway in UV/persulfate was tentatively proposed.</description><subject>2,4,6-trichloroanisole</subject><subject>Benzoquinones</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Degradation pathway</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Kinetic model</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Oxidant products</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>Persulfate</subject><subject>Phosphates</subject><subject>Radicals</subject><subject>Rate constants</subject><subject>Scavenging</subject><subject>Sulfates - chemistry</subject><subject>TCP (protocol)</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcuKVDEQhoMoTjv6BiJZuujT5ta5uBBk8IYDsxndhlzpNKdPjknOjP32punRpQwUpEK-vypVPwCvMdpghPm7_ebetBLqhvTbBtEe6glYYSnUQBiTT8EKIUYHTLfsAryodY8QIoSq5-CCiK7hlK3AcvM7edNSnmCOsO0CzD6XvFTo8mHOy-QhWbM1H1pJbjf2JzOlmscA7RH--AmNa-nOtODhHEpdxtjz9_B7mkJLrq7hXLJfXOuZ6aVm03b35lhfgmfRjDW8ejgvwe3nT7dXX4frmy_frj5eD44R2YZoFIpCOUu8NYYhEjm2lktOqFWY-60Q0rLImSF9UhoUJViqrRcuYmwFvQRvz2X7L34toTZ9SNWFcTRT6CNqLDHvi1D4EahQSHFJ1GNQKVDntqqj7Iy6kmstIeq5pIMpR42RPrmo9_rsoj65qBHtcZK9eeiw2EPw_0R_bevAhzMQ-vLuUii6uhQmF3wqwTXtc_p_hz9VOK-2</recordid><startdate>20160601</startdate><enddate>20160601</enddate><creator>Luo, Congwei</creator><creator>Jiang, Jin</creator><creator>Ma, Jun</creator><creator>Pang, Suyan</creator><creator>Liu, Yongze</creator><creator>Song, Yang</creator><creator>Guan, Chaoting</creator><creator>Li, Juan</creator><creator>Jin, Yixin</creator><creator>Wu, Daoji</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160601</creationdate><title>Oxidation of the odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate: Kinetics, products, and pathways</title><author>Luo, Congwei ; 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The effects of water matrix (i.e., natural organic matter (NOM), pH, carbonate/bicarbonate (HCO3−/CO32−), and chloride ions (Cl−)) were evaluated. The second order rate constant of TCA reacting with sulfate radical (SO4−) was determined to be (3.72 ± 0.10) × 109 M−1 s−1. Increasing dosage of persulfate increased the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant for TCA degradation (kobs), and the contribution of SO4− to TCA degradation was much higher than that of HO at each experimental condition. Degradation rate of TCA decreased with pH increasing from 4.0 to 9.0, which could be explained by the lower radical scavenging effect of dihydrogen phosphate than hydrogen phosphate in acidic condition (pH < 6). NOM significantly decreased kobs due to the effects of radical scavenging and UV absorption with the former one being dominant. kobs decreased from 2.32 × 10−3 s−1 to 0.92 × 10−3 s−1 with the CO32−/HCO3− concentration increased from 0.5 mM to 10 mM in the UV/persulfate process, while kobs slightly decreased from 2.54 × 10−3 s−1 in the absence of Cl− to 2.10 × 10−3 s−1 in the presence of 10 mM Cl−. Most of these kinetic results could be described by a steady-state kinetic model. Furthermore, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry at powerful precursor ion scan approach was used to selectively detect oxidation products of TCA. It was found that 2,4,6-trichorophenol (TCP) was the major oxidation product (i.e., the initial yield of TCP was above 90%). The second order rate constant between TCP and SO4− was estimated to be (4.16 ± 0.20) × 109 M−1 s−1. In addition, three products (i.e., 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone and two aromatic ring-opening products) were detected in the reaction of TCP with SO4−, which also appeared in the oxidation of TCA in the UV/persulfate process. A tentative pathway was proposed, where the initial one-electron oxidation of TCA by SO4− and further reactions (e.g., ipso-hydroxylation and aromatic ring-cleavage) of the formed cation intermediate TCA were involved.
•Degradation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV/persulfate was studied for the first time.•Impacts of water matrices components were simulated by a kinetic model.•Oxidation products of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in UV/persulfate were examined.•2,4,6-trichloroanisole degradation pathway in UV/persulfate was tentatively proposed.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>27016634</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.039</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 2,4,6-trichloroanisole Benzoquinones Carbonates Degradation Degradation pathway Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Kinetic model Kinetics Marine Oxidant products Oxidation Oxidation-Reduction Persulfate Phosphates Radicals Rate constants Scavenging Sulfates - chemistry TCP (protocol) Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry |
| title | Oxidation of the odorous compound 2,4,6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate: Kinetics, products, and pathways |
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