Real-Time Quantification of Amino Acids in the Exhalome by Secondary Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Proof-of-Principle Study
Amino acids are frequently determined in clinical chemistry. However, current analysis methods are time-consuming, invasive, and suffer from artifacts during sampling, sample handling, and sample preparation. We hypothesized in this proof-of-principle study that plasma concentrations of amino acids...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.) Md.), 2016-09, Vol.62 (9), p.1230-1237 |
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| creator | García-Gómez, Diego Gaisl, Thomas Bregy, Lukas Cremonesi, Alessio Sinues, Pablo Martinez-Lozano Kohler, Malcolm Zenobi, Renato |
| description | Amino acids are frequently determined in clinical chemistry. However, current analysis methods are time-consuming, invasive, and suffer from artifacts during sampling, sample handling, and sample preparation. We hypothesized in this proof-of-principle study that plasma concentrations of amino acids can be estimated by measuring their concentrations in exhaled breath. A novel breath analysis technique described here allows such measurements to be carried out in real-time and noninvasively, which should facilitate efficient diagnostics and give insights into human physiology.
The amino acid profiles in 37 individuals were determined by ion-exchange HPLC in blood plasma and simultaneously in breath by secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Participants were split into training and test sets to validate the analytical accuracy. Longitudinal profiles in 3 individuals were additionally obtained over a 12-h period.
Concentrations of 8 slightly volatile amino acids (A, V, I, G, P, K, F, Orn) could be determined in exhaled breath with a CV of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1373/clinchem.2016.256909 |
| format | Article |
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The amino acid profiles in 37 individuals were determined by ion-exchange HPLC in blood plasma and simultaneously in breath by secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Participants were split into training and test sets to validate the analytical accuracy. Longitudinal profiles in 3 individuals were additionally obtained over a 12-h period.
Concentrations of 8 slightly volatile amino acids (A, V, I, G, P, K, F, Orn) could be determined in exhaled breath with a CV of <10%. Exhalome validation studies yielded high accuracies for each of these amino acids, on average only 3% less compared to plasma concentrations (95% CI ±13%). Higher variations were found only for amino acids with a low plasma concentration.
This study demonstrates for the first time that amino acids can be quantified in the human breath and that their concentrations correlate with plasma concentrations. Although this noninvasive technique needs further investigation, exhalome analysis may provide significant benefits over traditional, offline analytical methods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-9147</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-8561</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.256909</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27444981</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Amino Acids - analysis ; Aqueous solutions ; Biomarkers ; Breath Tests ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diabetes ; Disease ; Exhalation ; Funding ; Humans ; Ionization ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Methods ; Sample preparation ; Sample size ; Scientific imaging ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.), 2016-09, Vol.62 (9), p.1230-1237</ispartof><rights>2016 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.</rights><rights>Copyright American Association for Clinical Chemistry Sep 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-bad2d62b890aa2e44f321a4f35e22099817a5652f63f6df94752bc78fccbffc73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-bad2d62b890aa2e44f321a4f35e22099817a5652f63f6df94752bc78fccbffc73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27444981$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>García-Gómez, Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaisl, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bregy, Lukas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cremonesi, Alessio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sinues, Pablo Martinez-Lozano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kohler, Malcolm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zenobi, Renato</creatorcontrib><title>Real-Time Quantification of Amino Acids in the Exhalome by Secondary Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Proof-of-Principle Study</title><title>Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.)</title><addtitle>Clin Chem</addtitle><description>Amino acids are frequently determined in clinical chemistry. However, current analysis methods are time-consuming, invasive, and suffer from artifacts during sampling, sample handling, and sample preparation. We hypothesized in this proof-of-principle study that plasma concentrations of amino acids can be estimated by measuring their concentrations in exhaled breath. A novel breath analysis technique described here allows such measurements to be carried out in real-time and noninvasively, which should facilitate efficient diagnostics and give insights into human physiology.
The amino acid profiles in 37 individuals were determined by ion-exchange HPLC in blood plasma and simultaneously in breath by secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Participants were split into training and test sets to validate the analytical accuracy. Longitudinal profiles in 3 individuals were additionally obtained over a 12-h period.
Concentrations of 8 slightly volatile amino acids (A, V, I, G, P, K, F, Orn) could be determined in exhaled breath with a CV of <10%. Exhalome validation studies yielded high accuracies for each of these amino acids, on average only 3% less compared to plasma concentrations (95% CI ±13%). Higher variations were found only for amino acids with a low plasma concentration.
This study demonstrates for the first time that amino acids can be quantified in the human breath and that their concentrations correlate with plasma concentrations. Although this noninvasive technique needs further investigation, exhalome analysis may provide significant benefits over traditional, offline analytical methods.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Amino Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Breath Tests</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Exhalation</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Sample preparation</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0009-9147</issn><issn>1530-8561</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkd9qHCEUh6W0NNu0b1CC0JvezNb_jrlbwrYJpDTtpteD4yhrmNGJzkCnj5CnjskmuQiIIn7nh-d8AHzGaI2ppN9M74PZ22FNEBZrwoVC6g1YYU5RVXOB34IVQkhVCjN5BD7kfFOuTNbiPTgikjGmarwCd3-s7qtrP1j4e9Zh8s4bPfkYYHRwM_gQ4cb4LkMf4LS3cPtvr_tY6HaBO2ti6HRa4La3Zkoxj0kv8CIG__8xo_qpc4a78fFxsFNaTuEGXqUYXVXWVSod-LG3cDfN3fIRvHO6z_bT03kM_n7fXp-dV5e_flycbS4rw5icqlZ3pBOkrRXSmljGHCVYl51bQpAqXUnNBSdOUCc6p5jkpDWydsa0zhlJj8HXQ-6Y4u1s89QMPhvb9zrYOOcG15iLGilGC_rlFXoT5xTK7wpFCFUKcVwodqBMGUFO1jVj8kOZS4NR8-CqeXbVPLhqDq5K2clT-NwOtnspepZD7wEXnJNY</recordid><startdate>201609</startdate><enddate>201609</enddate><creator>García-Gómez, Diego</creator><creator>Gaisl, Thomas</creator><creator>Bregy, Lukas</creator><creator>Cremonesi, Alessio</creator><creator>Sinues, Pablo Martinez-Lozano</creator><creator>Kohler, Malcolm</creator><creator>Zenobi, Renato</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201609</creationdate><title>Real-Time Quantification of Amino Acids in the Exhalome by Secondary Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Proof-of-Principle Study</title><author>García-Gómez, Diego ; Gaisl, Thomas ; Bregy, Lukas ; Cremonesi, Alessio ; Sinues, Pablo Martinez-Lozano ; Kohler, Malcolm ; Zenobi, Renato</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-bad2d62b890aa2e44f321a4f35e22099817a5652f63f6df94752bc78fccbffc73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Amino Acids - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>García-Gómez, Diego</au><au>Gaisl, Thomas</au><au>Bregy, Lukas</au><au>Cremonesi, Alessio</au><au>Sinues, Pablo Martinez-Lozano</au><au>Kohler, Malcolm</au><au>Zenobi, Renato</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Real-Time Quantification of Amino Acids in the Exhalome by Secondary Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Proof-of-Principle Study</atitle><jtitle>Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.)</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Chem</addtitle><date>2016-09</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1230</spage><epage>1237</epage><pages>1230-1237</pages><issn>0009-9147</issn><eissn>1530-8561</eissn><abstract>Amino acids are frequently determined in clinical chemistry. However, current analysis methods are time-consuming, invasive, and suffer from artifacts during sampling, sample handling, and sample preparation. We hypothesized in this proof-of-principle study that plasma concentrations of amino acids can be estimated by measuring their concentrations in exhaled breath. A novel breath analysis technique described here allows such measurements to be carried out in real-time and noninvasively, which should facilitate efficient diagnostics and give insights into human physiology.
The amino acid profiles in 37 individuals were determined by ion-exchange HPLC in blood plasma and simultaneously in breath by secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Participants were split into training and test sets to validate the analytical accuracy. Longitudinal profiles in 3 individuals were additionally obtained over a 12-h period.
Concentrations of 8 slightly volatile amino acids (A, V, I, G, P, K, F, Orn) could be determined in exhaled breath with a CV of <10%. Exhalome validation studies yielded high accuracies for each of these amino acids, on average only 3% less compared to plasma concentrations (95% CI ±13%). Higher variations were found only for amino acids with a low plasma concentration.
This study demonstrates for the first time that amino acids can be quantified in the human breath and that their concentrations correlate with plasma concentrations. Although this noninvasive technique needs further investigation, exhalome analysis may provide significant benefits over traditional, offline analytical methods.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>27444981</pmid><doi>10.1373/clinchem.2016.256909</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Clinical chemistry (Baltimore, Md.), 2016-09, Vol.62 (9), p.1230-1237 |
| issn | 0009-9147 1530-8561 |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE |
| subjects | Amino acids Amino Acids - analysis Aqueous solutions Biomarkers Breath Tests Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Diabetes Disease Exhalation Funding Humans Ionization Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Metabolism Metabolites Methods Sample preparation Sample size Scientific imaging Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization Time Factors |
| title | Real-Time Quantification of Amino Acids in the Exhalome by Secondary Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Proof-of-Principle Study |
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