A wintertime in situ profile of BrO between 17 and 27 km in the Arctic vortex
The vertical profile of bromine oxide (BrO) was measured in situ from a balloon launched near Kiruna, Sweden (68°N, 21°E) at sunrise on February 3, 1995. BrO mixing ratios of 10±2 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) were observed at high solar zenith angles (90–92°) between 20 and 23 km in a layer t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 1997-04, Vol.24 (8), p.853-856 |
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| creator | McKinney, Karena A. Pierson, James M. Toohey, Darin W. |
| description | The vertical profile of bromine oxide (BrO) was measured in situ from a balloon launched near Kiruna, Sweden (68°N, 21°E) at sunrise on February 3, 1995. BrO mixing ratios of 10±2 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) were observed at high solar zenith angles (90–92°) between 20 and 23 km in a layer that coincided with significantly enhanced abundances of ClO. Above 23 km, where ClO mixing ratios typical of midlatitudes were observed, BrO mixing ratios ranged from 5 to 11 pptv, increasing nearly monotonically with increasing altitude and decreasing solar zenith angle. The measurements indicate that 30 to 60% of the total bromine (assuming 18 pptv total bromine) is in the form of BrO between 23 and 27 km at these latitudes in winter. These results are consistent with lower altitude measurements of BrO from the NASA ER‐2 at similar latitudes and season. Observations of higher fractions of BrO (50 to 95% of total bromine) in the chemically perturbed region at sunrise imply the rapid release of bromine from a photolabile reservoir species, such as BrCl. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/97GL00808 |
| format | Article |
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BrO mixing ratios of 10±2 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) were observed at high solar zenith angles (90–92°) between 20 and 23 km in a layer that coincided with significantly enhanced abundances of ClO. Above 23 km, where ClO mixing ratios typical of midlatitudes were observed, BrO mixing ratios ranged from 5 to 11 pptv, increasing nearly monotonically with increasing altitude and decreasing solar zenith angle. The measurements indicate that 30 to 60% of the total bromine (assuming 18 pptv total bromine) is in the form of BrO between 23 and 27 km at these latitudes in winter. These results are consistent with lower altitude measurements of BrO from the NASA ER‐2 at similar latitudes and season. Observations of higher fractions of BrO (50 to 95% of total bromine) in the chemically perturbed region at sunrise imply the rapid release of bromine from a photolabile reservoir species, such as BrCl.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/97GL00808</identifier><identifier>CODEN: GPRLAJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Altitude ; Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions ; Bromine ; Bromine compounds ; Chlorine compounds ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Latitude ; Mixing ratios ; NASA ; Physics of the high neutral atmosphere ; Q1 ; Sunrise ; Winter ; Zenith</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 1997-04, Vol.24 (8), p.853-856</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.</rights><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4971-9ea5dcc9dd1c80a808ce208df78f4d21498b01c985ba75beeb4cb397c7e246193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4971-9ea5dcc9dd1c80a808ce208df78f4d21498b01c985ba75beeb4cb397c7e246193</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F97GL00808$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F97GL00808$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2639720$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McKinney, Karena A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pierson, James M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toohey, Darin W.</creatorcontrib><title>A wintertime in situ profile of BrO between 17 and 27 km in the Arctic vortex</title><title>Geophysical research letters</title><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><description>The vertical profile of bromine oxide (BrO) was measured in situ from a balloon launched near Kiruna, Sweden (68°N, 21°E) at sunrise on February 3, 1995. BrO mixing ratios of 10±2 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) were observed at high solar zenith angles (90–92°) between 20 and 23 km in a layer that coincided with significantly enhanced abundances of ClO. Above 23 km, where ClO mixing ratios typical of midlatitudes were observed, BrO mixing ratios ranged from 5 to 11 pptv, increasing nearly monotonically with increasing altitude and decreasing solar zenith angle. The measurements indicate that 30 to 60% of the total bromine (assuming 18 pptv total bromine) is in the form of BrO between 23 and 27 km at these latitudes in winter. These results are consistent with lower altitude measurements of BrO from the NASA ER‐2 at similar latitudes and season. Observations of higher fractions of BrO (50 to 95% of total bromine) in the chemically perturbed region at sunrise imply the rapid release of bromine from a photolabile reservoir species, such as BrCl.</description><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions</subject><subject>Bromine</subject><subject>Bromine compounds</subject><subject>Chlorine compounds</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Latitude</subject><subject>Mixing ratios</subject><subject>NASA</subject><subject>Physics of the high neutral atmosphere</subject><subject>Q1</subject><subject>Sunrise</subject><subject>Winter</subject><subject>Zenith</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkUFv1DAQhS1EJZa2B_6BDwjBIe1M4sT2caloQApUqor2aDnORJhmk9bOdum_x6ut9tbCaebwvac38xh7h3CGkOtzLesGQIF6xRaohcgUgHzNFgA67bms3rC3Mf4GgAIKXLDvS77140xh9mvifuTRzxt-F6beD8Snnn8OV7yleUs0cpTcjh3PJb9d79j5F_FlcLN3_GEKM_05YUe9HSKdPs1j9vPyy83F16y5qr9dLJvMCS0x02TLzjnddegU2JTWUQ6q66XqRZej0KoFdFqVrZVlS9QK1xZaOkm5qFAXx-zD3jcFvd9QnM3aR0fDYEeaNtGgQiHS4Qn8-DJYSSy1KgT827MCFBL_w7MsQCudWkjopz3qwhRjoN7cBb-24dEgmF1f5tBXYt8_2dro7NAHOzofD4K8Sg_IdzHP99g2FfT4vJ-prxtMGyZFtlf4mCo6KGy4NZUsZGlWP2qzUvX16rKpTFP8BZvZrh4</recordid><startdate>19970415</startdate><enddate>19970415</enddate><creator>McKinney, Karena A.</creator><creator>Pierson, James M.</creator><creator>Toohey, Darin W.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Geophysical Union</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970415</creationdate><title>A wintertime in situ profile of BrO between 17 and 27 km in the Arctic vortex</title><author>McKinney, Karena A. ; Pierson, James M. ; Toohey, Darin W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4971-9ea5dcc9dd1c80a808ce208df78f4d21498b01c985ba75beeb4cb397c7e246193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions</topic><topic>Bromine</topic><topic>Bromine compounds</topic><topic>Chlorine compounds</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Latitude</topic><topic>Mixing ratios</topic><topic>NASA</topic><topic>Physics of the high neutral atmosphere</topic><topic>Q1</topic><topic>Sunrise</topic><topic>Winter</topic><topic>Zenith</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>McKinney, Karena A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pierson, James M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toohey, Darin W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>McKinney, Karena A.</au><au>Pierson, James M.</au><au>Toohey, Darin W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A wintertime in situ profile of BrO between 17 and 27 km in the Arctic vortex</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>1997-04-15</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>853</spage><epage>856</epage><pages>853-856</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><coden>GPRLAJ</coden><abstract>The vertical profile of bromine oxide (BrO) was measured in situ from a balloon launched near Kiruna, Sweden (68°N, 21°E) at sunrise on February 3, 1995. BrO mixing ratios of 10±2 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) were observed at high solar zenith angles (90–92°) between 20 and 23 km in a layer that coincided with significantly enhanced abundances of ClO. Above 23 km, where ClO mixing ratios typical of midlatitudes were observed, BrO mixing ratios ranged from 5 to 11 pptv, increasing nearly monotonically with increasing altitude and decreasing solar zenith angle. The measurements indicate that 30 to 60% of the total bromine (assuming 18 pptv total bromine) is in the form of BrO between 23 and 27 km at these latitudes in winter. These results are consistent with lower altitude measurements of BrO from the NASA ER‐2 at similar latitudes and season. Observations of higher fractions of BrO (50 to 95% of total bromine) in the chemically perturbed region at sunrise imply the rapid release of bromine from a photolabile reservoir species, such as BrCl.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/97GL00808</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Geophysical research letters, 1997-04, Vol.24 (8), p.853-856 |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Online Library Free Content; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Altitude Atmospheric composition. Chemical and photochemical reactions Bromine Bromine compounds Chlorine compounds Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Latitude Mixing ratios NASA Physics of the high neutral atmosphere Q1 Sunrise Winter Zenith |
| title | A wintertime in situ profile of BrO between 17 and 27 km in the Arctic vortex |
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