Amino acid composition and amino acid-metabolic network in supragingival plaque
Dental plaque metabolizes both carbohydrates and amino acids. The former can be degraded to acids mainly, while the latter can be degraded to various metabolites, including ammonia, acids and amines, and associated with acid-neutralization, oral malodor and tissue inflammation. However, amino acid m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biomedical Research 2016/08/01, Vol.37(4), pp.251-257 |
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| creator | WASHIO, Jumpei OGAWA, Tamaki SUZUKI, Keisuke TSUKIBOSHI, Yosuke WATANABE, Motohiro TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro |
| description | Dental plaque metabolizes both carbohydrates and amino acids. The former can be degraded to acids mainly, while the latter can be degraded to various metabolites, including ammonia, acids and amines, and associated with acid-neutralization, oral malodor and tissue inflammation. However, amino acid metabolism in dental plaque is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate what kinds of amino acids are available as metabolic substrates and how the amino acids are metabolized in supragingival plaque, by a metabolome analysis. Amino acids and the related metabolites in supragingival plaque were extracted and quantified comprehensively by CE-TOFMS. Plaque samples were also incubated with amino acids, and the amounts of ammonia and amino acid-related metabolites were measured. The concentration of glutamate was the highest in supragingival plaque, while the ammonia-production was the highest from glutamine. The obtained metabolome profile revealed that amino acids are degraded through various metabolic pathways, including deamination, decarboxylation and transamination and that these metabolic systems may link each other, as well as with carbohydrate metabolic pathways in dental plaque ecosystem. Moreover, glutamine and glutamate might be the main source of ammonia production, as well as arginine, and contribute to pH-homeostasis and counteraction to acid-induced demineralization in supragingival plaque. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2220/biomedres.37.251 |
| format | Article |
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The former can be degraded to acids mainly, while the latter can be degraded to various metabolites, including ammonia, acids and amines, and associated with acid-neutralization, oral malodor and tissue inflammation. However, amino acid metabolism in dental plaque is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate what kinds of amino acids are available as metabolic substrates and how the amino acids are metabolized in supragingival plaque, by a metabolome analysis. Amino acids and the related metabolites in supragingival plaque were extracted and quantified comprehensively by CE-TOFMS. Plaque samples were also incubated with amino acids, and the amounts of ammonia and amino acid-related metabolites were measured. The concentration of glutamate was the highest in supragingival plaque, while the ammonia-production was the highest from glutamine. The obtained metabolome profile revealed that amino acids are degraded through various metabolic pathways, including deamination, decarboxylation and transamination and that these metabolic systems may link each other, as well as with carbohydrate metabolic pathways in dental plaque ecosystem. Moreover, glutamine and glutamate might be the main source of ammonia production, as well as arginine, and contribute to pH-homeostasis and counteraction to acid-induced demineralization in supragingival plaque.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0388-6107</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1880-313X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.37.251</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27545001</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: Biomedical Research Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Amines ; Amino acid composition ; Amino acids ; Amino Acids - chemistry ; Amino Acids - metabolism ; Ammonia ; Ammonia - metabolism ; Arginine ; Carbohydrates ; Deamination ; Decarboxylation ; Demineralization ; Demineralizing ; Dental plaque ; Dental Plaque - metabolism ; Ecosystems ; Glutamine ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Metabolic pathways ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics - methods ; Neutralization ; Off odor ; pH effects ; Substrates ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Biomedical Research, 2016/08/01, Vol.37(4), pp.251-257</ispartof><rights>2016 Biomedical Research Press</rights><rights>Copyright Japan Science and Technology Agency 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c620t-ac246450414e901eea07ddcd3aae971dadcf5845ec2bc2e80e499df10f3d83363</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c620t-ac246450414e901eea07ddcd3aae971dadcf5845ec2bc2e80e499df10f3d83363</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1883,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27545001$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>WASHIO, Jumpei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OGAWA, Tamaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUZUKI, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TSUKIBOSHI, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WATANABE, Motohiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro</creatorcontrib><title>Amino acid composition and amino acid-metabolic network in supragingival plaque</title><title>Biomedical Research</title><addtitle>Biomed. Res.</addtitle><description>Dental plaque metabolizes both carbohydrates and amino acids. The former can be degraded to acids mainly, while the latter can be degraded to various metabolites, including ammonia, acids and amines, and associated with acid-neutralization, oral malodor and tissue inflammation. However, amino acid metabolism in dental plaque is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate what kinds of amino acids are available as metabolic substrates and how the amino acids are metabolized in supragingival plaque, by a metabolome analysis. Amino acids and the related metabolites in supragingival plaque were extracted and quantified comprehensively by CE-TOFMS. Plaque samples were also incubated with amino acids, and the amounts of ammonia and amino acid-related metabolites were measured. The concentration of glutamate was the highest in supragingival plaque, while the ammonia-production was the highest from glutamine. The obtained metabolome profile revealed that amino acids are degraded through various metabolic pathways, including deamination, decarboxylation and transamination and that these metabolic systems may link each other, as well as with carbohydrate metabolic pathways in dental plaque ecosystem. Moreover, glutamine and glutamate might be the main source of ammonia production, as well as arginine, and contribute to pH-homeostasis and counteraction to acid-induced demineralization in supragingival plaque.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Amines</subject><subject>Amino acid composition</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Amino Acids - chemistry</subject><subject>Amino Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Ammonia - metabolism</subject><subject>Arginine</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Deamination</subject><subject>Decarboxylation</subject><subject>Demineralization</subject><subject>Demineralizing</subject><subject>Dental plaque</subject><subject>Dental Plaque - metabolism</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Glutamine</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Metabolic Networks and Pathways</subject><subject>Metabolic pathways</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Metabolome</subject><subject>Metabolomics - methods</subject><subject>Neutralization</subject><subject>Off odor</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0388-6107</issn><issn>1880-313X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkM1r3DAQxUVJ6G7S3nMqhlx68UZftrXHZUmTQCCXBHoTs9J4q40tuZLdkv8-Krs1tKdheL9583iEXDG64pzTm50LPdqIaSWaFa_YB7JkStFSMPH9jCypUKqsGW0W5CKlA807U-IjWfCmkhWlbEmeNr3zoQDjbGFCP4TkRhd8Ad4WMEtljyPsQudM4XH8HeJr4XyRpiHC3vm9-wVdMXTwc8JP5LyFLuHn07wkL99un7f35ePT3cN281iamtOxBMNlnSNIJnFNGSLQxlpjBQCuG2bBmrZSskLDd4ajoijXa9sy2gqrhKjFJfl69B1iyG_TqHuXDHYdeAxT0kwxUfNGcZbR6__QQ5iiz-kylX9UUqoqU_RImRhSitjqIboe4ptmVP8pW89la9HoXHY--XIynnZZmQ_-tpuB7RE4pBH2OAMQR2c6_NdRnmxn1fyAqNGLd_kGllI</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>WASHIO, Jumpei</creator><creator>OGAWA, Tamaki</creator><creator>SUZUKI, Keisuke</creator><creator>TSUKIBOSHI, Yosuke</creator><creator>WATANABE, Motohiro</creator><creator>TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro</creator><general>Biomedical Research Press</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Amino acid composition and amino acid-metabolic network in supragingival plaque</title><author>WASHIO, Jumpei ; OGAWA, Tamaki ; SUZUKI, Keisuke ; TSUKIBOSHI, Yosuke ; WATANABE, Motohiro ; TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c620t-ac246450414e901eea07ddcd3aae971dadcf5845ec2bc2e80e499df10f3d83363</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Amines</topic><topic>Amino acid composition</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Amino Acids - chemistry</topic><topic>Amino Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Ammonia - metabolism</topic><topic>Arginine</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Deamination</topic><topic>Decarboxylation</topic><topic>Demineralization</topic><topic>Demineralizing</topic><topic>Dental plaque</topic><topic>Dental Plaque - metabolism</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Glutamine</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Metabolic Networks and Pathways</topic><topic>Metabolic pathways</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Metabolome</topic><topic>Metabolomics - methods</topic><topic>Neutralization</topic><topic>Off odor</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>WASHIO, Jumpei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OGAWA, Tamaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SUZUKI, Keisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TSUKIBOSHI, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WATANABE, Motohiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biomedical Research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>WASHIO, Jumpei</au><au>OGAWA, Tamaki</au><au>SUZUKI, Keisuke</au><au>TSUKIBOSHI, Yosuke</au><au>WATANABE, Motohiro</au><au>TAKAHASHI, Nobuhiro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Amino acid composition and amino acid-metabolic network in supragingival plaque</atitle><jtitle>Biomedical Research</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed. Res.</addtitle><date>2016-01-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>251</spage><epage>257</epage><pages>251-257</pages><issn>0388-6107</issn><eissn>1880-313X</eissn><abstract>Dental plaque metabolizes both carbohydrates and amino acids. The former can be degraded to acids mainly, while the latter can be degraded to various metabolites, including ammonia, acids and amines, and associated with acid-neutralization, oral malodor and tissue inflammation. However, amino acid metabolism in dental plaque is still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate what kinds of amino acids are available as metabolic substrates and how the amino acids are metabolized in supragingival plaque, by a metabolome analysis. Amino acids and the related metabolites in supragingival plaque were extracted and quantified comprehensively by CE-TOFMS. Plaque samples were also incubated with amino acids, and the amounts of ammonia and amino acid-related metabolites were measured. The concentration of glutamate was the highest in supragingival plaque, while the ammonia-production was the highest from glutamine. The obtained metabolome profile revealed that amino acids are degraded through various metabolic pathways, including deamination, decarboxylation and transamination and that these metabolic systems may link each other, as well as with carbohydrate metabolic pathways in dental plaque ecosystem. Moreover, glutamine and glutamate might be the main source of ammonia production, as well as arginine, and contribute to pH-homeostasis and counteraction to acid-induced demineralization in supragingival plaque.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>Biomedical Research Press</pub><pmid>27545001</pmid><doi>10.2220/biomedres.37.251</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Amines Amino acid composition Amino acids Amino Acids - chemistry Amino Acids - metabolism Ammonia Ammonia - metabolism Arginine Carbohydrates Deamination Decarboxylation Demineralization Demineralizing Dental plaque Dental Plaque - metabolism Ecosystems Glutamine Homeostasis Humans Metabolic Networks and Pathways Metabolic pathways Metabolism Metabolites Metabolome Metabolomics - methods Neutralization Off odor pH effects Substrates Young Adult |
| title | Amino acid composition and amino acid-metabolic network in supragingival plaque |
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