A narrative review of exercise-associated muscle cramps: Factors that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and management implications
ABSTRACT Although exercise‐associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are highly prevalent among athletic populations, the etiology and most effective management strategies are still unclear. The aims of this narrative review are 3‐fold: (1) briefly summarize the evidence regarding EAMC etiology; (2) describe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Muscle & nerve 2016-08, Vol.54 (2), p.177-185 |
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| container_title | Muscle & nerve |
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| creator | Nelson, Nicole L. Churilla, James R. |
| description | ABSTRACT
Although exercise‐associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are highly prevalent among athletic populations, the etiology and most effective management strategies are still unclear. The aims of this narrative review are 3‐fold: (1) briefly summarize the evidence regarding EAMC etiology; (2) describe the risk factors and possible physiological mechanisms associated with neuromuscular fatigue and EAMC; and (3) report the current evidence regarding prevention of, and treatment for, EAMC. Based on the findings of several large prospective and experimental investigations, the available evidence indicates that EAMC is multifactorial in nature and stems from an imbalance between excitatory drive from muscle spindles and inhibitory drive from Golgi tendon organs to the alpha motor neurons rather than dehydration or electrolyte deficits. This imbalance is believed to stem from neuromuscular overload and fatigue. In concert with these findings, the most successful treatment for an acute bout of EAMC is stretching, whereas auspicious methods of prevention include efforts that delay exercise‐induced fatigue. Muscle Nerve 54: 177–185, 2016 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/mus.25176 |
| format | Article |
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Although exercise‐associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are highly prevalent among athletic populations, the etiology and most effective management strategies are still unclear. The aims of this narrative review are 3‐fold: (1) briefly summarize the evidence regarding EAMC etiology; (2) describe the risk factors and possible physiological mechanisms associated with neuromuscular fatigue and EAMC; and (3) report the current evidence regarding prevention of, and treatment for, EAMC. Based on the findings of several large prospective and experimental investigations, the available evidence indicates that EAMC is multifactorial in nature and stems from an imbalance between excitatory drive from muscle spindles and inhibitory drive from Golgi tendon organs to the alpha motor neurons rather than dehydration or electrolyte deficits. This imbalance is believed to stem from neuromuscular overload and fatigue. In concert with these findings, the most successful treatment for an acute bout of EAMC is stretching, whereas auspicious methods of prevention include efforts that delay exercise‐induced fatigue. Muscle Nerve 54: 177–185, 2016</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-639X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/mus.25176</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27159592</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MUNEDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Age Factors ; Body Size ; dehydration ; Disease Management ; electrolyte deficit ; Humans ; Muscle Cramp - diagnosis ; Muscle Cramp - epidemiology ; Muscle Cramp - therapy ; muscle fatigue ; Muscle Fatigue - physiology ; Muscle pain ; muscular cramps ; neuromuscular control ; Sex Factors</subject><ispartof>Muscle & nerve, 2016-08, Vol.54 (2), p.177-185</ispartof><rights>2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4606-ae956a88d2ff02b6c9867912dd10c2741f0f00f3f89c54af3b30c5b783324dd93</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fmus.25176$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fmus.25176$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27159592$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nelson, Nicole L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Churilla, James R.</creatorcontrib><title>A narrative review of exercise-associated muscle cramps: Factors that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and management implications</title><title>Muscle & nerve</title><addtitle>Muscle Nerve</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Although exercise‐associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are highly prevalent among athletic populations, the etiology and most effective management strategies are still unclear. The aims of this narrative review are 3‐fold: (1) briefly summarize the evidence regarding EAMC etiology; (2) describe the risk factors and possible physiological mechanisms associated with neuromuscular fatigue and EAMC; and (3) report the current evidence regarding prevention of, and treatment for, EAMC. Based on the findings of several large prospective and experimental investigations, the available evidence indicates that EAMC is multifactorial in nature and stems from an imbalance between excitatory drive from muscle spindles and inhibitory drive from Golgi tendon organs to the alpha motor neurons rather than dehydration or electrolyte deficits. This imbalance is believed to stem from neuromuscular overload and fatigue. In concert with these findings, the most successful treatment for an acute bout of EAMC is stretching, whereas auspicious methods of prevention include efforts that delay exercise‐induced fatigue. 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Although exercise‐associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are highly prevalent among athletic populations, the etiology and most effective management strategies are still unclear. The aims of this narrative review are 3‐fold: (1) briefly summarize the evidence regarding EAMC etiology; (2) describe the risk factors and possible physiological mechanisms associated with neuromuscular fatigue and EAMC; and (3) report the current evidence regarding prevention of, and treatment for, EAMC. Based on the findings of several large prospective and experimental investigations, the available evidence indicates that EAMC is multifactorial in nature and stems from an imbalance between excitatory drive from muscle spindles and inhibitory drive from Golgi tendon organs to the alpha motor neurons rather than dehydration or electrolyte deficits. This imbalance is believed to stem from neuromuscular overload and fatigue. In concert with these findings, the most successful treatment for an acute bout of EAMC is stretching, whereas auspicious methods of prevention include efforts that delay exercise‐induced fatigue. Muscle Nerve 54: 177–185, 2016</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>27159592</pmid><doi>10.1002/mus.25176</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Muscle & nerve, 2016-08, Vol.54 (2), p.177-185 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Age Factors Body Size dehydration Disease Management electrolyte deficit Humans Muscle Cramp - diagnosis Muscle Cramp - epidemiology Muscle Cramp - therapy muscle fatigue Muscle Fatigue - physiology Muscle pain muscular cramps neuromuscular control Sex Factors |
| title | A narrative review of exercise-associated muscle cramps: Factors that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and management implications |
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