A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats
This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one con...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human & experimental toxicology 2016-09, Vol.35 (9), p.991-1004 |
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| creator | Tanvir, EM Afroz, R Chowdhury, MAZ Gan, SH Karim, N Islam, MN Khalil, MI |
| description | This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0960327115614384 |
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Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0960-3271</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-0903</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0960327115614384</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26519480</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adipose tissue ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Animals ; Bilirubin ; Bioaccumulation ; Biochemistry ; Brain ; Chlorpyrifos ; Chlorpyrifos - pharmacokinetics ; Chlorpyrifos - toxicity ; Chromatography ; Creatinine ; Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics ; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity ; Feces ; Female ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Histology ; Kidney - drug effects ; Kidney - metabolism ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidneys ; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects ; Liver ; Liver - drug effects ; Liver - metabolism ; Liver Function Tests ; Lungs ; Malondialdehyde ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Oral cavity ; Organs ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Pesticides ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rodents ; Skeletal muscle ; Skeleton ; Stress concentration ; Tissue Distribution ; Tissues ; Toxicity ; Transaminases ; Urea ; Urine ; Water analysis</subject><ispartof>Human & experimental toxicology, 2016-09, Vol.35 (9), p.991-1004</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2015</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2015.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-87b6775a7d3c02d786164d018ae9e5b34a0f0bcfc6cfab563637173bb57b5c393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-87b6775a7d3c02d786164d018ae9e5b34a0f0bcfc6cfab563637173bb57b5c393</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0960327115614384$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0960327115614384$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21945,27830,27901,27902,44921,45309</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0960327115614384?utm_source=summon&utm_medium=discovery-provider$$EView_record_in_SAGE_Publications$$FView_record_in_$$GSAGE_Publications</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26519480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tanvir, EM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afroz, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chowdhury, MAZ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gan, SH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karim, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, MN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalil, MI</creatorcontrib><title>A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats</title><title>Human & experimental toxicology</title><addtitle>Hum Exp Toxicol</addtitle><description>This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals.</description><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bilirubin</subject><subject>Bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Chlorpyrifos</subject><subject>Chlorpyrifos - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Chlorpyrifos - toxicity</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Kidney - drug effects</subject><subject>Kidney - metabolism</subject><subject>Kidney Function Tests</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver - drug effects</subject><subject>Liver - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver Function Tests</subject><subject>Lungs</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Oral cavity</subject><subject>Organs</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Skeleton</subject><subject>Stress concentration</subject><subject>Tissue Distribution</subject><subject>Tissues</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Transaminases</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><issn>0960-3271</issn><issn>1477-0903</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM9LwzAYhoMobk7vniTgxUs1X9Mm6XGIv2DgRc8lSROX2TYzaYX997Zuigw8fZD3-Z4vvAidA7kG4PyGFIzQlAPkDDIqsgM0hYzzhBSEHqLpGCdjPkEnMa4IIazI4RhNUpZDkQkyRXKOG1-ZGnuL9bL2Yb0JzvqIKxe74FTfOd9i2VbYdREr5_XSNE7LGhtrjR7ehrhbGly7TxO-wXdXtWYTR2OQXTxFR1bW0Zzt5gy93t-93D4mi-eHp9v5ItG0EF0iuGKc55JXVJO04oIByyoCQprC5IpmkliitNVMW6lyRhnlwKlSOVf5oKAzdLX1roP_6E3sysZFbepatsb3sQQBIARlhA_o5R668n1oh9-VUECaAk3pSJEtpYOPMRhbroNrZNiUQMqx_nK__mHlYifuVWOq34Wfvgcg2QJRvpk_V_8TfgEv5IvO</recordid><startdate>201609</startdate><enddate>201609</enddate><creator>Tanvir, EM</creator><creator>Afroz, R</creator><creator>Chowdhury, MAZ</creator><creator>Gan, SH</creator><creator>Karim, N</creator><creator>Islam, MN</creator><creator>Khalil, MI</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201609</creationdate><title>A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats</title><author>Tanvir, EM ; Afroz, R ; Chowdhury, MAZ ; Gan, SH ; Karim, N ; Islam, MN ; Khalil, MI</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-87b6775a7d3c02d786164d018ae9e5b34a0f0bcfc6cfab563637173bb57b5c393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adipose tissue</topic><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bilirubin</topic><topic>Bioaccumulation</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Chlorpyrifos</topic><topic>Chlorpyrifos - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Chlorpyrifos - toxicity</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</topic><topic>Histology</topic><topic>Kidney - drug effects</topic><topic>Kidney - metabolism</topic><topic>Kidney Function Tests</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver - drug effects</topic><topic>Liver - metabolism</topic><topic>Liver Function Tests</topic><topic>Lungs</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Oral cavity</topic><topic>Organs</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Skeletal muscle</topic><topic>Skeleton</topic><topic>Stress concentration</topic><topic>Tissue Distribution</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Transaminases</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tanvir, EM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afroz, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chowdhury, MAZ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gan, SH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karim, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, MN</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalil, MI</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Human & experimental toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tanvir, EM</au><au>Afroz, R</au><au>Chowdhury, MAZ</au><au>Gan, SH</au><au>Karim, N</au><au>Islam, MN</au><au>Khalil, MI</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats</atitle><jtitle>Human & experimental toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Exp Toxicol</addtitle><date>2016-09</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>991</spage><epage>1004</epage><pages>991-1004</pages><issn>0960-3271</issn><eissn>1477-0903</eissn><abstract>This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats (n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>26519480</pmid><doi>10.1177/0960327115614384</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adipose tissue Alkaline phosphatase Animals Bilirubin Bioaccumulation Biochemistry Brain Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos - pharmacokinetics Chlorpyrifos - toxicity Chromatography Creatinine Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Feces Female Gas chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Histology Kidney - drug effects Kidney - metabolism Kidney Function Tests Kidneys Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Liver Function Tests Lungs Malondialdehyde Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Oral cavity Organs Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Pesticides Rats Rats, Wistar Rodents Skeletal muscle Skeleton Stress concentration Tissue Distribution Tissues Toxicity Transaminases Urea Urine Water analysis |
| title | A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats |
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