Reasons for failure to quit: a cross-sectional survey of tobacco use in major cities in Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Tobacco dependence has been defined as a chronic relapsing disease. Around 5 million annual tobacco-related deaths have been reported worldwide. The majority of smokers want to quit but are not successful.OBJECTIVES: To screen our population for tobacco use, gauge the baseline demographi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease 2016-05, Vol.20 (5), p.673-678 |
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| container_title | The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease |
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| creator | Irfan, M. Haque, A. S. Shahzad, H. Samani, Z. A. Awan, S. Khan, J. A. |
| description | BACKGROUND: Tobacco dependence has been defined as a chronic relapsing disease. Around 5 million annual tobacco-related deaths have been reported worldwide. The majority of smokers want to quit but are not successful.OBJECTIVES: To screen our population for tobacco use, gauge the
baseline demographics of tobacco users and assess factors associated with failed attempts to quit.METHODS: Free health camps supervised by a physician were held across two major cities of Pakistan. All consenting participants were administered a questionnaire and had their exhaled carbon
monoxide (CO) levels measured.RESULTS: Of 12 969 participants successfully enrolled, the mean age was 31.4 ± 10.0 years. More than three quarters were aged 20-40 years (n = 10 168, 78.4%). The overall average CO level was 12.0 ± 8.0 ppm. The majority
of the participants wanted to quit, and nearly everyone had received advice about quitting. The majority had tried smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Friends/peer pressure (n = 1554, 12%), anxiety (n = 681, 5.3%), tobacco dependence (n = 1965, 15.2%) and stress/mood changes
(n = 390, 3.0%) were the most widely observed reasons for failure to quit in study participants.CONCLUSION: The information provided by this study can guide the development of more targeted intervention programmes for smokers who wish to quit. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5588/ijtld.15.0271 |
| format | Article |
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baseline demographics of tobacco users and assess factors associated with failed attempts to quit.METHODS: Free health camps supervised by a physician were held across two major cities of Pakistan. All consenting participants were administered a questionnaire and had their exhaled carbon
monoxide (CO) levels measured.RESULTS: Of 12 969 participants successfully enrolled, the mean age was 31.4 ± 10.0 years. More than three quarters were aged 20-40 years (n = 10 168, 78.4%). The overall average CO level was 12.0 ± 8.0 ppm. The majority
of the participants wanted to quit, and nearly everyone had received advice about quitting. The majority had tried smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Friends/peer pressure (n = 1554, 12%), anxiety (n = 681, 5.3%), tobacco dependence (n = 1965, 15.2%) and stress/mood changes
(n = 390, 3.0%) were the most widely observed reasons for failure to quit in study participants.CONCLUSION: The information provided by this study can guide the development of more targeted intervention programmes for smokers who wish to quit.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1027-3719</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1815-7920</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0271</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27084823</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>France: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease</publisher><subject>Adult ; Affect ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Breath Tests ; Carbon Monoxide - metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Failure To Quit ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Mycobacterium ; Pakistan ; Peer Influence ; Recurrence ; Smokeless Tobacco ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Smoking - metabolism ; Smoking - psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Cessation - methods ; Smoking Cessation - psychology ; Smoking Prevalence ; Smoking Prevention ; Tobacco Cessation ; Tobacco Use Disorder - prevention & control ; Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology ; Treatment Failure ; Urban Health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease, 2016-05, Vol.20 (5), p.673-678</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-9b9acd20525178f06eac82f8570f794f816713e618eefd09d81bc08c87b225203</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27084823$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Irfan, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haque, A. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahzad, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samani, Z. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awan, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, J. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Reasons for failure to quit: a cross-sectional survey of tobacco use in major cities in Pakistan</title><title>The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease</title><addtitle>Int J Tuberc Lung Dis</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: Tobacco dependence has been defined as a chronic relapsing disease. Around 5 million annual tobacco-related deaths have been reported worldwide. The majority of smokers want to quit but are not successful.OBJECTIVES: To screen our population for tobacco use, gauge the
baseline demographics of tobacco users and assess factors associated with failed attempts to quit.METHODS: Free health camps supervised by a physician were held across two major cities of Pakistan. All consenting participants were administered a questionnaire and had their exhaled carbon
monoxide (CO) levels measured.RESULTS: Of 12 969 participants successfully enrolled, the mean age was 31.4 ± 10.0 years. More than three quarters were aged 20-40 years (n = 10 168, 78.4%). The overall average CO level was 12.0 ± 8.0 ppm. The majority
of the participants wanted to quit, and nearly everyone had received advice about quitting. The majority had tried smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Friends/peer pressure (n = 1554, 12%), anxiety (n = 681, 5.3%), tobacco dependence (n = 1965, 15.2%) and stress/mood changes
(n = 390, 3.0%) were the most widely observed reasons for failure to quit in study participants.CONCLUSION: The information provided by this study can guide the development of more targeted intervention programmes for smokers who wish to quit.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affect</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Breath Tests</subject><subject>Carbon Monoxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Failure To Quit</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Behavior</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Mycobacterium</subject><subject>Pakistan</subject><subject>Peer Influence</subject><subject>Recurrence</subject><subject>Smokeless Tobacco</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Smoking - metabolism</subject><subject>Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation - methods</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation - psychology</subject><subject>Smoking Prevalence</subject><subject>Smoking Prevention</subject><subject>Tobacco Cessation</subject><subject>Tobacco Use Disorder - prevention & control</subject><subject>Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Treatment Failure</subject><subject>Urban Health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1027-3719</issn><issn>1815-7920</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu1DAUQC0Eog9YskVesslwrxPHDjtUoCBV4iFYG8exKw-ZuPWjUvl6nJkpO4Q3fujoyDqXkBcIG86lfO23eZ42yDfABD4ipyiRN2Jg8Lie61vTChxOyFlKWwCGiOIpOWECZCdZe0p-frM6hSVRFyJ12s8lWpoDvS0-v6GamhhSapI12YdFzzSVeGfvaXAVGrUxgZZkqV_oTm-rwfjsbVrvX_Qvn7JenpEnTs_JPj_u5-THh_ffLz42V58vP128vWpM12NuhnHQZmLAGUchHfRWG8mc5AKcGDonsRfY2h6ltW6CYZI4GpBGipExzqA9J68O3psYbotNWe18Mnae9WJDSQolSIG95PL_qKgNu5b1oqLNAd13iNapm-h3Ot4rBLX2V_v-Crla-1f-5VFdxp2d_tIPwSvw7gD45douWattKLGGTcoXvZoOPgbYK9gvBscDcKVjrjsOVfP1XxrzYFqnvw5f3TFYeFUyBMl4_St0arJOlzmrrKO6_q1Sdf4B-0Ox7g</recordid><startdate>20160501</startdate><enddate>20160501</enddate><creator>Irfan, M.</creator><creator>Haque, A. S.</creator><creator>Shahzad, H.</creator><creator>Samani, Z. A.</creator><creator>Awan, S.</creator><creator>Khan, J. A.</creator><general>International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160501</creationdate><title>Reasons for failure to quit: a cross-sectional survey of tobacco use in major cities in Pakistan</title><author>Irfan, M. ; Haque, A. S. ; Shahzad, H. ; Samani, Z. A. ; Awan, S. ; Khan, J. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-9b9acd20525178f06eac82f8570f794f816713e618eefd09d81bc08c87b225203</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Affect</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Breath Tests</topic><topic>Carbon Monoxide - metabolism</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Failure To Quit</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Behavior</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Mycobacterium</topic><topic>Pakistan</topic><topic>Peer Influence</topic><topic>Recurrence</topic><topic>Smokeless Tobacco</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Smoking - metabolism</topic><topic>Smoking - psychology</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation - methods</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation - psychology</topic><topic>Smoking Prevalence</topic><topic>Smoking Prevention</topic><topic>Tobacco Cessation</topic><topic>Tobacco Use Disorder - prevention & control</topic><topic>Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Treatment Failure</topic><topic>Urban Health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Irfan, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haque, A. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahzad, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samani, Z. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awan, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, J. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Irfan, M.</au><au>Haque, A. S.</au><au>Shahzad, H.</au><au>Samani, Z. A.</au><au>Awan, S.</au><au>Khan, J. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Reasons for failure to quit: a cross-sectional survey of tobacco use in major cities in Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Tuberc Lung Dis</addtitle><date>2016-05-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>673</spage><epage>678</epage><pages>673-678</pages><issn>1027-3719</issn><eissn>1815-7920</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND: Tobacco dependence has been defined as a chronic relapsing disease. Around 5 million annual tobacco-related deaths have been reported worldwide. The majority of smokers want to quit but are not successful.OBJECTIVES: To screen our population for tobacco use, gauge the
baseline demographics of tobacco users and assess factors associated with failed attempts to quit.METHODS: Free health camps supervised by a physician were held across two major cities of Pakistan. All consenting participants were administered a questionnaire and had their exhaled carbon
monoxide (CO) levels measured.RESULTS: Of 12 969 participants successfully enrolled, the mean age was 31.4 ± 10.0 years. More than three quarters were aged 20-40 years (n = 10 168, 78.4%). The overall average CO level was 12.0 ± 8.0 ppm. The majority
of the participants wanted to quit, and nearly everyone had received advice about quitting. The majority had tried smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Friends/peer pressure (n = 1554, 12%), anxiety (n = 681, 5.3%), tobacco dependence (n = 1965, 15.2%) and stress/mood changes
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| subjects | Adult Affect Biomarkers - metabolism Breath Tests Carbon Monoxide - metabolism Cross-Sectional Studies Failure To Quit Female Health Behavior Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Surveys Humans Male Motivation Mycobacterium Pakistan Peer Influence Recurrence Smokeless Tobacco Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - metabolism Smoking - psychology Smoking Cessation Smoking Cessation - methods Smoking Cessation - psychology Smoking Prevalence Smoking Prevention Tobacco Cessation Tobacco Use Disorder - prevention & control Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology Treatment Failure Urban Health Young Adult |
| title | Reasons for failure to quit: a cross-sectional survey of tobacco use in major cities in Pakistan |
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