Late Alk4/5/7 signaling is required for anterior skeletal patterning in sea urchin embryos

Skeletal patterning in the sea urchin embryo requires a conversation between the skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) and the overlying pattern-dictating ectoderm; however, our understanding of the molecular basis for this process remains incomplete. Here, we show that TGF-β-receptor signali...

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Veröffentlicht in:Development (Cambridge) 2015-03, Vol.142 (5), p.943-952
Hauptverfasser: Piacentino, Michael L, Ramachandran, Janani, Bradham, Cynthia A
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Ramachandran, Janani
Bradham, Cynthia A
description Skeletal patterning in the sea urchin embryo requires a conversation between the skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) and the overlying pattern-dictating ectoderm; however, our understanding of the molecular basis for this process remains incomplete. Here, we show that TGF-β-receptor signaling is required during gastrulation to pattern the anterior skeleton. To block TGF-β signaling, we used SB431542 (SB43), a specific inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor Alk4/5/7. Treatment with SB43 during gastrulation blocks anterior PMC positioning and the formation of the anterior skeleton, but does not perturb general ectoderm specification or development. This is the first example of a signaling event required for patterning of a specific part of the skeleton. Alk4/5/7 inhibition does not prevent the formation of a mouth, although SB43-treated plutei display reduced feeding ability, presumably due to the loss of the structural support for the mouth conferred by the anterior skeleton. Both Univin and Nodal are potential ligands for Alk4/5/7; however, Nodal is unilaterally expressed on only the right side, whereas Univin is bilaterally expressed in the ectoderm adjacent to the anterior skeleton during the relevant time period. Our results demonstrate that Univin is both necessary and sufficient for secondary skeletal development in a control background, consistent with the hypothesis that Univin is a relevant Alk4/5/7 ligand for anterior skeletal patterning. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Alk4/5/7 signaling during gastrulation is required to direct PMCs to the oral hood, and suggest that Univin is a relevant ligand for this signaling event.
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subjects Activin Receptors, Type I - genetics
Activin Receptors, Type I - metabolism
Animals
Body Patterning - genetics
Body Patterning - physiology
Echinoidea
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Sea Urchins - embryology
Sea Urchins - genetics
Sea Urchins - metabolism
Signal Transduction - genetics
Signal Transduction - physiology
title Late Alk4/5/7 signaling is required for anterior skeletal patterning in sea urchin embryos
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