AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-κB pathway
ABSTRACT Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid‐lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. How...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology 2016-07, Vol.31 (7), p.866-876 |
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| creator | Tsai, Shih-Chang Tsai, Ming-Hsui Chiu, Chang-Fang Lu, Chi-Cheng Kuo, Sheng-Chu Chang, Nai-Wen Yang, Jai-Sing |
| description | ABSTRACT
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid‐lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the precise mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenofibrate on the migration and invasion of human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Fenofibrate inhibited the cell migration and invasion of CAL 27 cells by the wound healing and Boyden chamber transwell assays, respectively. In addition, fenofibrate reduced the protein expressions of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 by Western blotting and inhibited enzyme activities of MMP‐2/‐9 using gelatin zymography assay. Results from immunoblotting analysis showed that the proteins of p‐LKB1 (Ser428), LKB1, p‐AMPKα (Thr172), p‐AMPKα1/α2 (Ser425/Ser491), p‐AMPKβ1 (Ser108), and AMPKγ1 were upregulated by fenofibrate; the levels of p‐IKKα/β (Ser176) and p‐IκBα were reduced in fenofibrate‐treated cells. Also, fenofibrate suppressed the expressions of nuclear NF‐κB p65 and p50 by immunoblotting and NF‐κB DNA binding activity by EMSA assay. The anti‐invasive effect of fenofibrate was attenuated by compound C [an adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor] or dominant negative form of AMPK (DN‐AMPKα1). Thus, fenofibrate considerably inhibited metastatic behaviors of CAL 27 cells might be mediated through blocking NF‐κB signaling, resulting in the inhibition of MMPs; these effects were AMPK‐dependent rather than PPARα signaling. Our findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer effects and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of cancer patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 866–876, 2016. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/tox.22097 |
| format | Article |
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Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid‐lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the precise mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenofibrate on the migration and invasion of human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Fenofibrate inhibited the cell migration and invasion of CAL 27 cells by the wound healing and Boyden chamber transwell assays, respectively. In addition, fenofibrate reduced the protein expressions of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 by Western blotting and inhibited enzyme activities of MMP‐2/‐9 using gelatin zymography assay. Results from immunoblotting analysis showed that the proteins of p‐LKB1 (Ser428), LKB1, p‐AMPKα (Thr172), p‐AMPKα1/α2 (Ser425/Ser491), p‐AMPKβ1 (Ser108), and AMPKγ1 were upregulated by fenofibrate; the levels of p‐IKKα/β (Ser176) and p‐IκBα were reduced in fenofibrate‐treated cells. Also, fenofibrate suppressed the expressions of nuclear NF‐κB p65 and p50 by immunoblotting and NF‐κB DNA binding activity by EMSA assay. The anti‐invasive effect of fenofibrate was attenuated by compound C [an adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor] or dominant negative form of AMPK (DN‐AMPKα1). Thus, fenofibrate considerably inhibited metastatic behaviors of CAL 27 cells might be mediated through blocking NF‐κB signaling, resulting in the inhibition of MMPs; these effects were AMPK‐dependent rather than PPARα signaling. Our findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer effects and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of cancer patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 866–876, 2016.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1520-4081</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-7278</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/tox.22097</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25545733</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - drug effects ; AMPK ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement - drug effects ; fenofibrate ; Fenofibrate - pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology ; invasion ; migration ; Mouth Neoplasms - pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; NF-kappa B - drug effects ; oral cancer CAL 27 cells ; Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology, 2016-07, Vol.31 (7), p.866-876</ispartof><rights>2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4317-a9d1c35ac2b6ea9416d71f7df2087b84d1f851aa81dd65e8393921b5730ace203</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4317-a9d1c35ac2b6ea9416d71f7df2087b84d1f851aa81dd65e8393921b5730ace203</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Ftox.22097$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Ftox.22097$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25545733$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Shih-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Ming-Hsui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiu, Chang-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Chi-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Sheng-Chu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Nai-Wen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jai-Sing</creatorcontrib><title>AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-κB pathway</title><title>Environmental toxicology</title><addtitle>Environ. Toxicol</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid‐lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the precise mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenofibrate on the migration and invasion of human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Fenofibrate inhibited the cell migration and invasion of CAL 27 cells by the wound healing and Boyden chamber transwell assays, respectively. In addition, fenofibrate reduced the protein expressions of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 by Western blotting and inhibited enzyme activities of MMP‐2/‐9 using gelatin zymography assay. Results from immunoblotting analysis showed that the proteins of p‐LKB1 (Ser428), LKB1, p‐AMPKα (Thr172), p‐AMPKα1/α2 (Ser425/Ser491), p‐AMPKβ1 (Ser108), and AMPKγ1 were upregulated by fenofibrate; the levels of p‐IKKα/β (Ser176) and p‐IκBα were reduced in fenofibrate‐treated cells. Also, fenofibrate suppressed the expressions of nuclear NF‐κB p65 and p50 by immunoblotting and NF‐κB DNA binding activity by EMSA assay. The anti‐invasive effect of fenofibrate was attenuated by compound C [an adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor] or dominant negative form of AMPK (DN‐AMPKα1). Thus, fenofibrate considerably inhibited metastatic behaviors of CAL 27 cells might be mediated through blocking NF‐κB signaling, resulting in the inhibition of MMPs; these effects were AMPK‐dependent rather than PPARα signaling. Our findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer effects and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of cancer patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 866–876, 2016.</description><subject>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - drug effects</subject><subject>AMPK</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Cell Movement - drug effects</subject><subject>fenofibrate</subject><subject>Fenofibrate - pharmacology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>invasion</subject><subject>migration</subject><subject>Mouth Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Neoplasm Invasiveness</subject><subject>Neoplasm Metastasis</subject><subject>NF-kappa B - drug effects</subject><subject>oral cancer CAL 27 cells</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><issn>1520-4081</issn><issn>1522-7278</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM9u1DAQhy0EoqVw4AWQj_SQ1n-SODl2K3ZBlJbDolZcrEk82TUkdrCTtvsSPBAPwTOR3W174-Tx6JtPMz9C3nJ2whkTp4O_PxGCleoZOeSZEIkSqni-q1mSsoIfkFcx_mCMlXmWvyQHIsvSTEl5SH6fffn6OTHYozPoBhrtykFr3Yp23owtDBjpsEYax74PGKP1jvqGWncLuxqcoZ1dBRi2v2pDG3S-sdXUwImi52cXVCjqA7S0BldjoDW27VYa_Lha08t58vfPjPYwrO9g85q8aKCN-ObhPSLf5h-W5x-Ti6vFp8mV1KnkKoHS8FpmUIsqRyhTnhvFG2UawQpVFanhTZFxgIIbk2dYyFKWglfTyQxqFEwekfd7bx_8rxHjoDsbt4uBQz9GzQtW5KVQpZzQ4z1aBx9jwEb3wXYQNpozvY1fT_HrXfwT--5BO1YdmifyMe8JON0Dd7bFzf9Nenl186hM9hM2Dnj_NAHhp86VVJm-vlzoxfz7Qs3UTC_lP6ZVoBA</recordid><startdate>201607</startdate><enddate>201607</enddate><creator>Tsai, Shih-Chang</creator><creator>Tsai, Ming-Hsui</creator><creator>Chiu, Chang-Fang</creator><creator>Lu, Chi-Cheng</creator><creator>Kuo, Sheng-Chu</creator><creator>Chang, Nai-Wen</creator><creator>Yang, Jai-Sing</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201607</creationdate><title>AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-κB pathway</title><author>Tsai, Shih-Chang ; Tsai, Ming-Hsui ; Chiu, Chang-Fang ; Lu, Chi-Cheng ; Kuo, Sheng-Chu ; Chang, Nai-Wen ; Yang, Jai-Sing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4317-a9d1c35ac2b6ea9416d71f7df2087b84d1f851aa81dd65e8393921b5730ace203</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - drug effects</topic><topic>AMPK</topic><topic>Cell Line, Tumor</topic><topic>Cell Movement - drug effects</topic><topic>fenofibrate</topic><topic>Fenofibrate - pharmacology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>invasion</topic><topic>migration</topic><topic>Mouth Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Neoplasm Invasiveness</topic><topic>Neoplasm Metastasis</topic><topic>NF-kappa B - drug effects</topic><topic>oral cancer CAL 27 cells</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Shih-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Ming-Hsui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiu, Chang-Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Chi-Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Sheng-Chu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Nai-Wen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jai-Sing</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tsai, Shih-Chang</au><au>Tsai, Ming-Hsui</au><au>Chiu, Chang-Fang</au><au>Lu, Chi-Cheng</au><au>Kuo, Sheng-Chu</au><au>Chang, Nai-Wen</au><au>Yang, Jai-Sing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-κB pathway</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Toxicol</addtitle><date>2016-07</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>866</spage><epage>876</epage><pages>866-876</pages><issn>1520-4081</issn><eissn>1522-7278</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist and lipid‐lowering agent, has been used worldwide for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The clinical trials demonstrate that fenofibrate possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor effects. However, the precise mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of fenofibrate on the migration and invasion of human oral cancer CAL 27 cells. Fenofibrate inhibited the cell migration and invasion of CAL 27 cells by the wound healing and Boyden chamber transwell assays, respectively. In addition, fenofibrate reduced the protein expressions of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 by Western blotting and inhibited enzyme activities of MMP‐2/‐9 using gelatin zymography assay. Results from immunoblotting analysis showed that the proteins of p‐LKB1 (Ser428), LKB1, p‐AMPKα (Thr172), p‐AMPKα1/α2 (Ser425/Ser491), p‐AMPKβ1 (Ser108), and AMPKγ1 were upregulated by fenofibrate; the levels of p‐IKKα/β (Ser176) and p‐IκBα were reduced in fenofibrate‐treated cells. Also, fenofibrate suppressed the expressions of nuclear NF‐κB p65 and p50 by immunoblotting and NF‐κB DNA binding activity by EMSA assay. The anti‐invasive effect of fenofibrate was attenuated by compound C [an adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor] or dominant negative form of AMPK (DN‐AMPKα1). Thus, fenofibrate considerably inhibited metastatic behaviors of CAL 27 cells might be mediated through blocking NF‐κB signaling, resulting in the inhibition of MMPs; these effects were AMPK‐dependent rather than PPARα signaling. Our findings provide a molecular rationale, whereby fenofibrate exerts anticancer effects and additional beneficial effects for the treatment of cancer patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 866–876, 2016.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25545733</pmid><doi>10.1002/tox.22097</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - drug effects AMPK Cell Line, Tumor Cell Movement - drug effects fenofibrate Fenofibrate - pharmacology Humans Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology invasion migration Mouth Neoplasms - pathology Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Metastasis NF-kappa B - drug effects oral cancer CAL 27 cells Signal Transduction - drug effects |
| title | AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-κB pathway |
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