Long-term aspen dynamics, trophic cascades, and climate in northern Yellowstone National Park

We report long-term patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) recruitment for five ungulate exclosures in the northern ungulate winter range of Yellowstone National Park. Aspen recruitment was low (1 m in height increased over 30-fold (from 105 to 3194 aspen·ha⁻¹). Increased heights...

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