Non-invasive measurements of ductus arteriosus flow directly after birth

Objective To assess ductus arteriosus (DA) blood flow directly after birth in healthy term infants after elective caesarean section. Design In healthy term newborns, echocardiography was performed at 2, 5 and 10 min after birth to monitor cardiac output and DA blood flow. Heart rate (HR) was assessed using ECG. Setting The delivery rooms of the Leiden University Medical Center. Patients 24 healthy term infants born after a caesarean section were included in this study. Results Mean (SD) HR did not change (158 (18) beats per minute (bpm), 5 min (159 (23) bpm) and 10 min (156 (19) bpm). DA diameter decreased from 5.2 (1.3) mm at 2 min to 4.6 (1.3) mm at 5 min (p=0.01) to (3.9 (1.2) mm) (p=0.01) at 10 min. Right-to-left DA shunting was unaltered (median (IQR) 95 (64–154) mL/kg/min to 90 (56–168) mL/kg/min and 80 (64–120) mL/kg/min, respectively (ns)), whereas left-to-right shunting significantly increased between 2 and 5 min (41 (31–70) mL/kg/min vs 67 (37–102) mL/kg/min (p=0.01)) and increased significantly between 2 and 10 min (93 (67–125)) mL/kg/min (p