Analysis of DDT and its metabolites in soil and water samples obtained in the vicinity of a closed-down factory in Bangladesh using various extraction methods
This study was conducted to monitor the spread of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) in soil and water to regions surrounding a closed DDT factory in Bangladesh. This fulfillment was accomplished us...
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| creator | Al Mahmud, M. N. U Khalil, Farzana Rahman, Md. Musfiqur Mamun, M. I. R Shoeb, Mohammad Abd El-Aty, A. M Park, Jong-Hyouk Shin, Ho-Chul Nahar, Nilufar Shim, Jae-Han |
| description | This study was conducted to monitor the spread of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) in soil and water to regions surrounding a closed DDT factory in Bangladesh. This fulfillment was accomplished using inter-method and inter-laboratory validation studies. DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) from soil samples were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and solvent extraction (SE). Inter-laboratory calibration was assessed by SE, and all methods were validated by intra- and inter-day accuracy (expressed as recovery %) and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD)) in the same laboratory, at three fortified concentrations (n = 4). DDTs extracted from water samples by liquid-liquid partitioning and all samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) and confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Linearities expressed as determination coefficients (R ²) were ≥0.995 for matrix-matched calibrations. The recovery rate was in the range of 72–120 and 83–110 %, with |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-015-4965-9 |
| format | Article |
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N. U ; Khalil, Farzana ; Rahman, Md. Musfiqur ; Mamun, M. I. R ; Shoeb, Mohammad ; Abd El-Aty, A. M ; Park, Jong-Hyouk ; Shin, Ho-Chul ; Nahar, Nilufar ; Shim, Jae-Han</creator><creatorcontrib>Al Mahmud, M. N. U ; Khalil, Farzana ; Rahman, Md. Musfiqur ; Mamun, M. I. R ; Shoeb, Mohammad ; Abd El-Aty, A. M ; Park, Jong-Hyouk ; Shin, Ho-Chul ; Nahar, Nilufar ; Shim, Jae-Han</creatorcontrib><description>This study was conducted to monitor the spread of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) in soil and water to regions surrounding a closed DDT factory in Bangladesh. This fulfillment was accomplished using inter-method and inter-laboratory validation studies. DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) from soil samples were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and solvent extraction (SE). Inter-laboratory calibration was assessed by SE, and all methods were validated by intra- and inter-day accuracy (expressed as recovery %) and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD)) in the same laboratory, at three fortified concentrations (n = 4). DDTs extracted from water samples by liquid-liquid partitioning and all samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) and confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Linearities expressed as determination coefficients (R ²) were ≥0.995 for matrix-matched calibrations. The recovery rate was in the range of 72–120 and 83–110 %, with <15 % RSD in soil and water, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0165 mg kg⁻¹ in soil and 0.132 μg L⁻¹ in water. Greater quantities of DDTs were extracted from soil using the MAE and SE techniques than with the SFE method. Higher amounts of DDTs were discovered in the southern (2.2–936 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) or southwestern (86.3–2067 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) direction from the factory than in the eastern direction (1.0–48.6 × 10² mg kg⁻¹). An exception was the soil sample collected 50 ft (15.24 m) east (2904 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) of the factory. The spread of DDTs in the water bodies (0.59–3.01 μg L⁻¹) was approximately equal in all directions. We concluded that DDTs might have been dumped randomly around the warehouse after the closing of the factory.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4965-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26559557</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Bangladesh ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, Gas ; Collaboration ; DDD ; DDD (pesticide) ; DDE ; DDE (pesticide) ; DDT ; DDT (pesticide) ; DDT - analysis ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental research ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Gas chromatography ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis ; Laboratories ; Life sciences ; Mass spectrometry ; Metabolites ; Methods ; microwave treatment ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; Nitrous oxide ; Pesticides ; Sediments ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; soil sampling ; Soils ; Solvent extraction ; Solvent extraction processes ; solvents ; supercritical fluid extraction ; surface water ; Veterinary medicine ; Water ; Water analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2015-12, Vol.187 (12), p.743-12, Article 743</ispartof><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-76edf46f32d800b572fb41f7a3cbacaef9d7bedc4937924073202dfe449095ba3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-76edf46f32d800b572fb41f7a3cbacaef9d7bedc4937924073202dfe449095ba3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-015-4965-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-015-4965-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559557$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Al Mahmud, M. N. U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khalil, Farzana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahman, Md. Musfiqur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mamun, M. I. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shoeb, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abd El-Aty, A. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Jong-Hyouk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Ho-Chul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nahar, Nilufar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, Jae-Han</creatorcontrib><title>Analysis of DDT and its metabolites in soil and water samples obtained in the vicinity of a closed-down factory in Bangladesh using various extraction methods</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>This study was conducted to monitor the spread of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) in soil and water to regions surrounding a closed DDT factory in Bangladesh. This fulfillment was accomplished using inter-method and inter-laboratory validation studies. DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) from soil samples were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and solvent extraction (SE). Inter-laboratory calibration was assessed by SE, and all methods were validated by intra- and inter-day accuracy (expressed as recovery %) and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD)) in the same laboratory, at three fortified concentrations (n = 4). DDTs extracted from water samples by liquid-liquid partitioning and all samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) and confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Linearities expressed as determination coefficients (R ²) were ≥0.995 for matrix-matched calibrations. The recovery rate was in the range of 72–120 and 83–110 %, with <15 % RSD in soil and water, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0165 mg kg⁻¹ in soil and 0.132 μg L⁻¹ in water. Greater quantities of DDTs were extracted from soil using the MAE and SE techniques than with the SFE method. Higher amounts of DDTs were discovered in the southern (2.2–936 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) or southwestern (86.3–2067 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) direction from the factory than in the eastern direction (1.0–48.6 × 10² mg kg⁻¹). An exception was the soil sample collected 50 ft (15.24 m) east (2904 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) of the factory. The spread of DDTs in the water bodies (0.59–3.01 μg L⁻¹) was approximately equal in all directions. We concluded that DDTs might have been dumped randomly around the warehouse after the closing of the factory.</description><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Bangladesh</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>Collaboration</subject><subject>DDD</subject><subject>DDD (pesticide)</subject><subject>DDE</subject><subject>DDE (pesticide)</subject><subject>DDT</subject><subject>DDT (pesticide)</subject><subject>DDT - analysis</subject><subject>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental research</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>microwave treatment</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>soil sampling</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Solvent extraction</subject><subject>Solvent extraction processes</subject><subject>solvents</subject><subject>supercritical fluid extraction</subject><subject>surface water</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><issn>0167-6369</issn><issn>1573-2959</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk9vFSEUxYnR2Gf1A7hREjduRoEZ4LGsrf-SJi5s14QZ4D2aGXhymdb3ZfysMk41xoULwuL8zrnkHhB6TskbSoh8C5QIQRtCedMpwRv1AG0ol23DFFcP0YZQIRvRCnWCngDcEEKU7NRjdMIE54pzuUE_zqIZjxAAJ48vLq6wiRaHAnhyxfRpDMUBDhFDCuMv7c4UlzGY6TBWJfXFhOjsgpS9w7dhCDGU45Jm8DAmcLax6S5ib4aS8nEB35m4G411sMczhLjDtyaHNAN230uuWEhxGb9PFp6iR96M4J7d36fo-sP7q_NPzeWXj5_Pzy6boVOqNFI46zvhW2a3hPRcMt931EvTDr0ZjPPKyt7ZCrdSsY7IlhFmves6RRTvTXuKXq-5h5y-zQ6KngIMbhxNdPVlmm7Jtl2OrOirf9CbNOe6xUrV7fKtkpRXiq7UkBNAdl4fcphMPmpK9FKeXsvTtTy9lKdV9by4T577ydk_jt9tVYCtAFQp7lz-a_R_Ul-uJm-SNrscQF9_ZfVrEEKZIFS2PwEyRrBG</recordid><startdate>20151201</startdate><enddate>20151201</enddate><creator>Al Mahmud, M. 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N. U ; Khalil, Farzana ; Rahman, Md. Musfiqur ; Mamun, M. I. R ; Shoeb, Mohammad ; Abd El-Aty, A. M ; Park, Jong-Hyouk ; Shin, Ho-Chul ; Nahar, Nilufar ; Shim, Jae-Han</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-76edf46f32d800b572fb41f7a3cbacaef9d7bedc4937924073202dfe449095ba3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Bangladesh</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>Collaboration</topic><topic>DDD</topic><topic>DDD (pesticide)</topic><topic>DDE</topic><topic>DDE (pesticide)</topic><topic>DDT</topic><topic>DDT (pesticide)</topic><topic>DDT - analysis</topic><topic>Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Environmental research</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Life sciences</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>microwave treatment</topic><topic>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</topic><topic>Nitrous oxide</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Soil - chemistry</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>soil sampling</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Solvent extraction</topic><topic>Solvent extraction processes</topic><topic>solvents</topic><topic>supercritical fluid extraction</topic><topic>surface water</topic><topic>Veterinary medicine</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Al Mahmud, M. 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N. U</au><au>Khalil, Farzana</au><au>Rahman, Md. Musfiqur</au><au>Mamun, M. I. R</au><au>Shoeb, Mohammad</au><au>Abd El-Aty, A. M</au><au>Park, Jong-Hyouk</au><au>Shin, Ho-Chul</au><au>Nahar, Nilufar</au><au>Shim, Jae-Han</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Analysis of DDT and its metabolites in soil and water samples obtained in the vicinity of a closed-down factory in Bangladesh using various extraction methods</atitle><jtitle>Environmental monitoring and assessment</jtitle><stitle>Environ Monit Assess</stitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><date>2015-12-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>187</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>743</spage><epage>12</epage><pages>743-12</pages><artnum>743</artnum><issn>0167-6369</issn><eissn>1573-2959</eissn><abstract>This study was conducted to monitor the spread of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) in soil and water to regions surrounding a closed DDT factory in Bangladesh. This fulfillment was accomplished using inter-method and inter-laboratory validation studies. DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) from soil samples were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and solvent extraction (SE). Inter-laboratory calibration was assessed by SE, and all methods were validated by intra- and inter-day accuracy (expressed as recovery %) and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD)) in the same laboratory, at three fortified concentrations (n = 4). DDTs extracted from water samples by liquid-liquid partitioning and all samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) and confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Linearities expressed as determination coefficients (R ²) were ≥0.995 for matrix-matched calibrations. The recovery rate was in the range of 72–120 and 83–110 %, with <15 % RSD in soil and water, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0165 mg kg⁻¹ in soil and 0.132 μg L⁻¹ in water. Greater quantities of DDTs were extracted from soil using the MAE and SE techniques than with the SFE method. Higher amounts of DDTs were discovered in the southern (2.2–936 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) or southwestern (86.3–2067 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) direction from the factory than in the eastern direction (1.0–48.6 × 10² mg kg⁻¹). An exception was the soil sample collected 50 ft (15.24 m) east (2904 × 10² mg kg⁻¹) of the factory. The spread of DDTs in the water bodies (0.59–3.01 μg L⁻¹) was approximately equal in all directions. We concluded that DDTs might have been dumped randomly around the warehouse after the closing of the factory.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>26559557</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-015-4965-9</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0167-6369 |
| ispartof | Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2015-12, Vol.187 (12), p.743-12, Article 743 |
| issn | 0167-6369 1573-2959 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Bangladesh Chromatography Chromatography, Gas Collaboration DDD DDD (pesticide) DDE DDE (pesticide) DDT DDT (pesticide) DDT - analysis Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene - analysis Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental monitoring Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental research Food contamination & poisoning Gas chromatography gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis Laboratories Life sciences Mass spectrometry Metabolites Methods microwave treatment Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Nitrous oxide Pesticides Sediments Soil - chemistry Soil Pollutants - analysis soil sampling Soils Solvent extraction Solvent extraction processes solvents supercritical fluid extraction surface water Veterinary medicine Water Water analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water sampling |
| title | Analysis of DDT and its metabolites in soil and water samples obtained in the vicinity of a closed-down factory in Bangladesh using various extraction methods |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T18%3A50%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Analysis%20of%20DDT%20and%20its%20metabolites%20in%20soil%20and%20water%20samples%20obtained%20in%20the%20vicinity%20of%20a%20closed-down%20factory%20in%20Bangladesh%20using%20various%20extraction%20methods&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20monitoring%20and%20assessment&rft.au=Al%20Mahmud,%20M.%20N.%20U&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=743&rft.epage=12&rft.pages=743-12&rft.artnum=743&rft.issn=0167-6369&rft.eissn=1573-2959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s10661-015-4965-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1808380837%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1749589715&rft_id=info:pmid/26559557&rfr_iscdi=true |