Highly active water oxidation on nanostructured biomimetic calcium manganese oxide catalysts

Water oxidation is a crucial reaction step in solar-to-chemical energy conversion processes such as photocatalytic water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. In natural photosynthesis, the water oxidation reaction is catalyzed by mu -oxido-Mn sub(4)Ca clusters in photosystem II (PSII). Herein, we report the fabrication of nanostructured biomimetic calcium manganese oxides (Ca sub(x)MnO sub(y)) via a simple process under mild conditions utilizing H sub(2)O sub(2) as an oxidant and TMAOH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) as an alkaline source. Ca sub(x)MnO sub(y) materials with x higher than 0.26 are composed of nanoparticles with particle sizes ranging from 15 to 30 nm according to the result of HRTEM. The results of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) indicate that calcium manganese oxides have similar structural motifs to the catalytically active site for water oxidation in PSII. It was also found that the content of Ca and the concentration of H sub(2)O sub(2) in the initial mixture could affect the crystallinity and the average Mn valence state of calcium manganese oxides. Water oxidation experiments for both chemical and photocatalytic systems suggest that the disordered structure of calcium manganese oxides and a modest valence state of Mn (+3.7 to +3.8) are necessary for achieving high activity. Our method provides a strategy for synthesis and modulation of nanostructured biomimetic water oxidation catalysts.