Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells
Glucose homeostasis greatly depends on the match between fluctuating insulin demands and adjusted rates of insulin secretion, which is the function of pancreatic beta cells. Emerging evidence suggests that when neonatal beta cells mature, they acquire two faces of differentiated function: an expecte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annual review of nutrition 2016-07, Vol.36 (1), p.45-71 |
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| container_title | Annual review of nutrition |
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| creator | Lemaire, Katleen Thorrez, Lieven Schuit, Frans |
| description | Glucose homeostasis greatly depends on the match between fluctuating insulin demands and adjusted rates of insulin secretion, which is the function of pancreatic beta cells. Emerging evidence suggests that when neonatal beta cells mature, they acquire two faces of differentiated function: an expected "visible face" that depends on specific beta cell proteins needed for regulated insulin release, but also a "hidden face" that represses ubiquitous proteins to prevent inappropriate beta cell function such as elevated basal hormone secretion or insulin release triggered by exercise. This review highlights this novel concept, and we first propose that hidden faces may also be relevant for other specialized tissue functions, such as ketogenesis in the liver. Next, we discuss three scenarios in which aberrant gene expression causes abnormal glucose-induced insulin release and the epigenetic regulation of the hidden face in beta cells. We conclude with perspectives for new research, including beta cell replacement to cure diabetes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050808 |
| format | Article |
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Emerging evidence suggests that when neonatal beta cells mature, they acquire two faces of differentiated function: an expected "visible face" that depends on specific beta cell proteins needed for regulated insulin release, but also a "hidden face" that represses ubiquitous proteins to prevent inappropriate beta cell function such as elevated basal hormone secretion or insulin release triggered by exercise. This review highlights this novel concept, and we first propose that hidden faces may also be relevant for other specialized tissue functions, such as ketogenesis in the liver. Next, we discuss three scenarios in which aberrant gene expression causes abnormal glucose-induced insulin release and the epigenetic regulation of the hidden face in beta cells. We conclude with perspectives for new research, including beta cell replacement to cure diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0199-9885</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-4312</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050808</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27146011</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Annual Reviews</publisher><subject>Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Differentiation ; chronic metabolic disease ; diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus - pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus - surgery ; disallowed genes ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; epigenetic ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucagon - genetics ; Glucagon - metabolism ; Glucagon-Secreting Cells - cytology ; Glucagon-Secreting Cells - metabolism ; Glucagon-Secreting Cells - pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; insulin ; Insulin - genetics ; Insulin - metabolism ; Insulin Secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells - cytology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - methods ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - trends ; Models, Biological ; Organ Specificity ; Pancreas - cytology ; Pancreas - growth & development ; Pancreas - metabolism ; Pancreas - pathology ; repressed genes</subject><ispartof>Annual review of nutrition, 2016-07, Vol.36 (1), p.45-71</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2016 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a493t-a2114961b19b322c56543610fe44604798ec86c17468d1a22ff72d99a0a7e2f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a493t-a2114961b19b322c56543610fe44604798ec86c17468d1a22ff72d99a0a7e2f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050808?crawler=true&mimetype=application/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gannualreviews$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050808$$EHTML$$P50$$Gannualreviews$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>70,314,780,784,4182,27924,27925,78254,78255</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146011$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lemaire, Katleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thorrez, Lieven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuit, Frans</creatorcontrib><title>Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells</title><title>Annual review of nutrition</title><addtitle>Annu Rev Nutr</addtitle><description>Glucose homeostasis greatly depends on the match between fluctuating insulin demands and adjusted rates of insulin secretion, which is the function of pancreatic beta cells. Emerging evidence suggests that when neonatal beta cells mature, they acquire two faces of differentiated function: an expected "visible face" that depends on specific beta cell proteins needed for regulated insulin release, but also a "hidden face" that represses ubiquitous proteins to prevent inappropriate beta cell function such as elevated basal hormone secretion or insulin release triggered by exercise. This review highlights this novel concept, and we first propose that hidden faces may also be relevant for other specialized tissue functions, such as ketogenesis in the liver. Next, we discuss three scenarios in which aberrant gene expression causes abnormal glucose-induced insulin release and the epigenetic regulation of the hidden face in beta cells. We conclude with perspectives for new research, including beta cell replacement to cure diabetes.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation</subject><subject>chronic metabolic disease</subject><subject>diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - pathology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - surgery</subject><subject>disallowed genes</subject><subject>Epigenesis, Genetic</subject><subject>epigenetic</subject><subject>Evidence-Based Medicine</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation</subject><subject>Glucagon - genetics</subject><subject>Glucagon - metabolism</subject><subject>Glucagon-Secreting Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Glucagon-Secreting Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Glucagon-Secreting Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>insulin</subject><subject>Insulin - genetics</subject><subject>Insulin - metabolism</subject><subject>Insulin Secretion</subject><subject>Insulin-Secreting Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - methods</subject><subject>Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - trends</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Organ Specificity</subject><subject>Pancreas - cytology</subject><subject>Pancreas - growth & development</subject><subject>Pancreas - metabolism</subject><subject>Pancreas - pathology</subject><subject>repressed genes</subject><issn>0199-9885</issn><issn>1545-4312</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkDFPwzAQhS0EoqXwF5DFxGLwOXFsd0GltFCpiKW75SYXKShNSpxQ-Pe4SmBnuhvee_fuI-QG-B1AnNy7quoa_GRV1zaMK1AgGZdcc31CxiBjyeIIxCkZczCGGa3liFx4_845N1EUnZORUCGHA4zJ-qnwrizrA2bUVRmdDfszVkgXX_sGvS_qako3h5ouXYqe1jl9dW1oQFe-xJY-YuvoHMvSX5Kz3JUer4Y5IZvlYjN_Yeu359V8tmYuNlHLnAhvmAS2YLaREKlMZBwlwHOMQ6tYGY2pTlJQcaIzcELkuRKZMY47hSKPJuS2j9039UeHvrW7wqehgKuw7rwFzaVKEiNFkE57adrU3jeY231T7FzzbYHbI0w7wLRHmLaHaXuYwXw93Om2O8z-rL_0guChFxxDXBliCjz4_5z4AY5lh-o</recordid><startdate>20160717</startdate><enddate>20160717</enddate><creator>Lemaire, Katleen</creator><creator>Thorrez, Lieven</creator><creator>Schuit, Frans</creator><general>Annual Reviews</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160717</creationdate><title>Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells</title><author>Lemaire, Katleen ; Thorrez, Lieven ; Schuit, Frans</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a493t-a2114961b19b322c56543610fe44604798ec86c17468d1a22ff72d99a0a7e2f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation</topic><topic>chronic metabolic disease</topic><topic>diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - pathology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - surgery</topic><topic>disallowed genes</topic><topic>Epigenesis, Genetic</topic><topic>epigenetic</topic><topic>Evidence-Based Medicine</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation</topic><topic>Glucagon - genetics</topic><topic>Glucagon - metabolism</topic><topic>Glucagon-Secreting Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Glucagon-Secreting Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Glucagon-Secreting Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>insulin</topic><topic>Insulin - genetics</topic><topic>Insulin - metabolism</topic><topic>Insulin Secretion</topic><topic>Insulin-Secreting Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - methods</topic><topic>Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - trends</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Organ Specificity</topic><topic>Pancreas - cytology</topic><topic>Pancreas - growth & development</topic><topic>Pancreas - metabolism</topic><topic>Pancreas - pathology</topic><topic>repressed genes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lemaire, Katleen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thorrez, Lieven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuit, Frans</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annual review of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lemaire, Katleen</au><au>Thorrez, Lieven</au><au>Schuit, Frans</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells</atitle><jtitle>Annual review of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Annu Rev Nutr</addtitle><date>2016-07-17</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>45</spage><epage>71</epage><pages>45-71</pages><issn>0199-9885</issn><eissn>1545-4312</eissn><abstract>Glucose homeostasis greatly depends on the match between fluctuating insulin demands and adjusted rates of insulin secretion, which is the function of pancreatic beta cells. 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| ispartof | Annual review of nutrition, 2016-07, Vol.36 (1), p.45-71 |
| issn | 0199-9885 1545-4312 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Annual Reviews; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Animals Animals, Newborn Cell Differentiation chronic metabolic disease diabetes Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism Diabetes Mellitus - pathology Diabetes Mellitus - surgery disallowed genes Epigenesis, Genetic epigenetic Evidence-Based Medicine Gene Expression Regulation Glucagon - genetics Glucagon - metabolism Glucagon-Secreting Cells - cytology Glucagon-Secreting Cells - metabolism Glucagon-Secreting Cells - pathology Humans Infant, Newborn insulin Insulin - genetics Insulin - metabolism Insulin Secretion Insulin-Secreting Cells - cytology Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - methods Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - trends Models, Biological Organ Specificity Pancreas - cytology Pancreas - growth & development Pancreas - metabolism Pancreas - pathology repressed genes |
| title | Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells |
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