Milking of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows in a herringbone parlour or an automatic milking unit
Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and should be evaluated for their effect on cow welfare. Dairy cows’ stress responses during normal successful milking in a 2×6 herringbone milking parlour (HMP) were compared with their responses during normal successfu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied animal behaviour science 2004-10, Vol.88 (3), p.209-225 |
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| creator | Hagen, K Lexer, D Palme, R Troxler, J Waiblinger, S |
| description | Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and should be evaluated for their effect on cow welfare. Dairy cows’ stress responses during normal successful milking in a 2×6 herringbone milking parlour (HMP) were compared with their responses during normal successful voluntary milking in an automatic unit (AMU). We observed 42 cows: 12 Simmental and 11 Brown Swiss in the AMU, and 10 Simmental and 9 Brown Swiss in the HMP. Both prior to and during the observations each cow was milked in one system only. Behaviour during milking and durations of different phases of the milking procedure were observed directly two to six times per cow. Heart rate was recorded telemetrically. Samples of composite milk were analysed for cortisol using an enzyme-immunoassay. Milking lasted longer in the HMP than in the AMU (general mixed model:
F
1,39=12.06,
P=0.0013), after significant effects of milk yield, day of lactation and time of day had been taken into account. Location of the teats by the robot took longer in Simmental than in Brown Swiss cows (Mann–Whitney-
U-test:
U
11,12=32,
P=0.037). Kicking and stepping with the hind legs was less frequent in the AMU than in the HMP (
U
23,19=76.5 for kicks;
U
23,19=85 for steps;
P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.005 |
| format | Article |
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F
1,39=12.06,
P=0.0013), after significant effects of milk yield, day of lactation and time of day had been taken into account. Location of the teats by the robot took longer in Simmental than in Brown Swiss cows (Mann–Whitney-
U-test:
U
11,12=32,
P=0.037). Kicking and stepping with the hind legs was less frequent in the AMU than in the HMP (
U
23,19=76.5 for kicks;
U
23,19=85 for steps;
P<0.001 in both cases). Brown Swiss cows stepped less than Simmental cows in the AMU (
U
11,12=32,
P=0.036). In the HMP, kicks occurred more frequently during the time period from the beginning of udder cleaning until cluster attachment was completed, than at other times (Friedman test:
F
19,4=32.41,
P<0.001; Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc-comparisons:
P<0.01). There was no difference between groups in heart rate during milking. The AMS group had higher milk cortisol values than the HMP group (
U
23,19=130.5,
P=0.026). This was probably not related to milking itself, but to other aspects of the system, and absolute values were not very high. In conclusion, Simmental cows may be more vulnerable during milking than Brown Swiss. Limiting the study to successful voluntary milking events without AMU attachment failure, there were no indications of more stress in the AMU than in the HMP.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-1591</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-9045</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.005</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Automatic milking ; Behaviour ; Dairy cattle ; Heart rate ; Milk cortisol ; Robotic milking ; Stress ; Voluntary milking ; Welfare</subject><ispartof>Applied animal behaviour science, 2004-10, Vol.88 (3), p.209-225</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-87cadafaad093e02dc8a16d52552b65760fae220448720bd623549c0a75516243</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-87cadafaad093e02dc8a16d52552b65760fae220448720bd623549c0a75516243</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.005$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hagen, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lexer, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palme, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Troxler, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waiblinger, S</creatorcontrib><title>Milking of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows in a herringbone parlour or an automatic milking unit</title><title>Applied animal behaviour science</title><description>Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and should be evaluated for their effect on cow welfare. Dairy cows’ stress responses during normal successful milking in a 2×6 herringbone milking parlour (HMP) were compared with their responses during normal successful voluntary milking in an automatic unit (AMU). We observed 42 cows: 12 Simmental and 11 Brown Swiss in the AMU, and 10 Simmental and 9 Brown Swiss in the HMP. Both prior to and during the observations each cow was milked in one system only. Behaviour during milking and durations of different phases of the milking procedure were observed directly two to six times per cow. Heart rate was recorded telemetrically. Samples of composite milk were analysed for cortisol using an enzyme-immunoassay. Milking lasted longer in the HMP than in the AMU (general mixed model:
F
1,39=12.06,
P=0.0013), after significant effects of milk yield, day of lactation and time of day had been taken into account. Location of the teats by the robot took longer in Simmental than in Brown Swiss cows (Mann–Whitney-
U-test:
U
11,12=32,
P=0.037). Kicking and stepping with the hind legs was less frequent in the AMU than in the HMP (
U
23,19=76.5 for kicks;
U
23,19=85 for steps;
P<0.001 in both cases). Brown Swiss cows stepped less than Simmental cows in the AMU (
U
11,12=32,
P=0.036). In the HMP, kicks occurred more frequently during the time period from the beginning of udder cleaning until cluster attachment was completed, than at other times (Friedman test:
F
19,4=32.41,
P<0.001; Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc-comparisons:
P<0.01). There was no difference between groups in heart rate during milking. The AMS group had higher milk cortisol values than the HMP group (
U
23,19=130.5,
P=0.026). This was probably not related to milking itself, but to other aspects of the system, and absolute values were not very high. In conclusion, Simmental cows may be more vulnerable during milking than Brown Swiss. Limiting the study to successful voluntary milking events without AMU attachment failure, there were no indications of more stress in the AMU than in the HMP.</description><subject>Automatic milking</subject><subject>Behaviour</subject><subject>Dairy cattle</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Milk cortisol</subject><subject>Robotic milking</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Voluntary milking</subject><subject>Welfare</subject><issn>0168-1591</issn><issn>1872-9045</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkLFu2zAQhomiBeo6eYWWUzcpR1Kk5C2pkTYBUmRIPRNninLoSKRKSjXy9qFhd850wOH7_8N9hHxlUDJg6mpf4jj26N1QcoCqBFECyA9kwZqaFyuo5EeyyGBTMLlin8mXlPaQCcFgQZ5_u_7F-R0NHf0Rw8HTp4NLiaJv6c2cpugwr9wwWD9hT004JOo8RfpsY8y5bfCWjhj7MEcaYs5RnKcw4OQMHc7ds3fTBfnUYZ_s5Xkuyebn7Z_1XfHw-Ot-ffNQGKHkVDS1wRY7xBZWwgJvTYNMtZJLybdK1go6tJxDVeXnYNsqLmS1MoC1lEzxSizJ91PvGMPf2aZJDy4Z22dBNsxJsyZnGVcZVCfQxJBStJ0eoxswvmoG-ihW7_V_sfooVoPQR21L8u0U7DBo3EWX9OaJAxPAQEDF60xcnwibH_3nbNTJOOuNbV20ZtJtcO8deQM9Oo6s</recordid><startdate>20041001</startdate><enddate>20041001</enddate><creator>Hagen, K</creator><creator>Lexer, D</creator><creator>Palme, R</creator><creator>Troxler, J</creator><creator>Waiblinger, S</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20041001</creationdate><title>Milking of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows in a herringbone parlour or an automatic milking unit</title><author>Hagen, K ; Lexer, D ; Palme, R ; Troxler, J ; Waiblinger, S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-87cadafaad093e02dc8a16d52552b65760fae220448720bd623549c0a75516243</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Automatic milking</topic><topic>Behaviour</topic><topic>Dairy cattle</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Milk cortisol</topic><topic>Robotic milking</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Voluntary milking</topic><topic>Welfare</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hagen, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lexer, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palme, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Troxler, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waiblinger, S</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Applied animal behaviour science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hagen, K</au><au>Lexer, D</au><au>Palme, R</au><au>Troxler, J</au><au>Waiblinger, S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Milking of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows in a herringbone parlour or an automatic milking unit</atitle><jtitle>Applied animal behaviour science</jtitle><date>2004-10-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>209</spage><epage>225</epage><pages>209-225</pages><issn>0168-1591</issn><eissn>1872-9045</eissn><abstract>Automatic milking systems (AMS) are becoming increasingly common on dairy farms and should be evaluated for their effect on cow welfare. Dairy cows’ stress responses during normal successful milking in a 2×6 herringbone milking parlour (HMP) were compared with their responses during normal successful voluntary milking in an automatic unit (AMU). We observed 42 cows: 12 Simmental and 11 Brown Swiss in the AMU, and 10 Simmental and 9 Brown Swiss in the HMP. Both prior to and during the observations each cow was milked in one system only. Behaviour during milking and durations of different phases of the milking procedure were observed directly two to six times per cow. Heart rate was recorded telemetrically. Samples of composite milk were analysed for cortisol using an enzyme-immunoassay. Milking lasted longer in the HMP than in the AMU (general mixed model:
F
1,39=12.06,
P=0.0013), after significant effects of milk yield, day of lactation and time of day had been taken into account. Location of the teats by the robot took longer in Simmental than in Brown Swiss cows (Mann–Whitney-
U-test:
U
11,12=32,
P=0.037). Kicking and stepping with the hind legs was less frequent in the AMU than in the HMP (
U
23,19=76.5 for kicks;
U
23,19=85 for steps;
P<0.001 in both cases). Brown Swiss cows stepped less than Simmental cows in the AMU (
U
11,12=32,
P=0.036). In the HMP, kicks occurred more frequently during the time period from the beginning of udder cleaning until cluster attachment was completed, than at other times (Friedman test:
F
19,4=32.41,
P<0.001; Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc-comparisons:
P<0.01). There was no difference between groups in heart rate during milking. The AMS group had higher milk cortisol values than the HMP group (
U
23,19=130.5,
P=0.026). This was probably not related to milking itself, but to other aspects of the system, and absolute values were not very high. In conclusion, Simmental cows may be more vulnerable during milking than Brown Swiss. Limiting the study to successful voluntary milking events without AMU attachment failure, there were no indications of more stress in the AMU than in the HMP.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.005</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0168-1591 |
| ispartof | Applied animal behaviour science, 2004-10, Vol.88 (3), p.209-225 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Automatic milking Behaviour Dairy cattle Heart rate Milk cortisol Robotic milking Stress Voluntary milking Welfare |
| title | Milking of Brown Swiss and Austrian Simmental cows in a herringbone parlour or an automatic milking unit |
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