Environmental Change and Atmospheric Contamination on Svalbard: Sediment Chronology

Sediment cores collected from eight lakes along the western coast of Svalbard as part of a project investigating atmospheric pollution and environmental change in Arctic regions were dated radiometrically using natural (^sup 210^Pb) and artificial (^sup 137^Cs and ^sup 241^Am) fallout radionuclides. At four sites the sedimentation rates were relatively uniform, and in consequence the ^sup 210^Pb dates were relatively unambiguous. At the remaining sites there were irregularities in the ^sup 210^Pb activity versus depth profiles, indicating significant variations in the net sediment accumulation rate during the past 120 years. At these sites, there were significant differences between ^sup 210^Pb dates calculated using the two standard simple dating models, constant rate of supply (CRS) and constant initial concentration (CIC). In most cases, stratigraphic dates based on the ^sup 137^Cs and ^sup 241^Am records supported use of the CRS model, though at one site (Ossian Sarsfjellet) the CIC model appeared more appropriate. The irregularities in the ^sup 210^Pb records were mainly caused by episodes of accelerated sedimentation due, for example, to inwash or slump events, though at some sites there appears to have been a systematic increase in sediment accumulation rates in recent decades. Sediment accumulation rates were generally lower at the northern sites, and higher at the more southerly locations. Mean sediment accumulation rates varied by an order of magnitude, ranging from 0.002 to 0.050 g cm^sup -2^ y^sup -1^ (0.02-0.10 cm y^sup -1^). ^sup 210^Pb fluxes measured from the core inventories were mostly in the range 34-80 Bq m^sup -2^ y^sup -1^ typical of Arctic sites. Much higher values, recorded at two sites (Birgervatnet and Daltjørna), may be due to significant inputs from the catchments during spring thaw.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]