Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality
Significance Sea stars inhabiting the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of wasting disease, leading to their degradation and disappearance from many coastal areas. In this paper, we present evidence that the cause of the disease is transmissible from disease-aff...
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| creator | Hewson, Ian Button, Jason B. Gudenkauf, Brent M. Miner, Benjamin Newton, Alisa L. Gaydos, Joseph K. Wynne, Janna Groves, Cathy L. Hendler, Gordon Murray, Michael Fradkin, Steven Breitbart, Mya Fahsbender, Elizabeth Lafferty, Kevin D. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Miner, C. Melissa Raimondi, Peter Lahner, Lesanna Friedman, Carolyn S. Daniels, Stephen Haulena, Martin Marliave, Jeffrey Burge, Colleen A. Eisenlord, Morgan E. Harvell, C. Drew |
| description | Significance Sea stars inhabiting the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of wasting disease, leading to their degradation and disappearance from many coastal areas. In this paper, we present evidence that the cause of the disease is transmissible from disease-affected animals to apparently healthy individuals, that the disease-causing agent is a virus-sized microorganism, and that the best candidate viral taxon, the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), is in greater abundance in diseased than in healthy sea stars.
Populations of at least 20 asteroid species on the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of sea-star (asteroid) wasting disease (SSWD). The disease leads to behavioral changes, lesions, loss of turgor, limb autotomy, and death characterized by rapid degradation (“melting”). Here, we present evidence from experimental challenge studies and field observations that link the mass mortalities to a densovirus ( Parvoviridae ). Virus-sized material (i.e., |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1416625111 |
| format | Article |
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Populations of at least 20 asteroid species on the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of sea-star (asteroid) wasting disease (SSWD). The disease leads to behavioral changes, lesions, loss of turgor, limb autotomy, and death characterized by rapid degradation (“melting”). Here, we present evidence from experimental challenge studies and field observations that link the mass mortalities to a densovirus ( Parvoviridae ). Virus-sized material (i.e., <0.2 μm) from symptomatic tissues that was inoculated into asymptomatic asteroids consistently resulted in SSWD signs whereas animals receiving heat-killed (i.e., control) virus-sized inoculum remained asymptomatic. Viral metagenomic investigations revealed the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) as the most likely candidate virus associated with tissues from symptomatic asteroids. Quantification of SSaDV during transmission trials indicated that progression of SSWD paralleled increased SSaDV load. In field surveys, SSaDV loads were more abundant in symptomatic than in asymptomatic asteroids. SSaDV could be detected in plankton, sediments and in nonasteroid echinoderms, providing a possible mechanism for viral spread. SSaDV was detected in museum specimens of asteroids from 1942, suggesting that it has been present on the North American Pacific Coast for at least 72 y. SSaDV is therefore the most promising candidate disease agent responsible for asteroid mass mortality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416625111</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25404293</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Ambidensovirus ; Animal diseases ; Animals ; Asteroidea ; Biological Sciences ; coasts ; Conservation of Natural Resources - methods ; Densovirus ; Densovirus - genetics ; Densovirus - physiology ; Disease models ; Disease outbreaks ; Disease transmission ; DNA, Viral - genetics ; DNA, Viral - isolation & purification ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Epidemics ; etiological agents ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Genomes ; Geography ; Geologic Sediments - virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Marine ; Marine biology ; Metagenome - genetics ; Mortality ; North America ; Pacific Ocean ; Parvoviridae ; Phylogeny ; Plankton - virology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seawater - virology ; Species Specificity ; Starfish - classification ; Starfish - genetics ; Starfish - virology ; Viral diseases ; Viral load ; Viral Proteins - genetics ; Viruses ; Wasting syndrome</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2014-12, Vol.111 (48), p.17278-17283</ispartof><rights>copyright © 1993–2008 National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Dec 2, 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c698t-f8d58c7ec5fcb2d595cc4991eecb386c3449f818be42fbe87aa86127eeb6727f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c698t-f8d58c7ec5fcb2d595cc4991eecb386c3449f818be42fbe87aa86127eeb6727f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/111/48.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43278651$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/43278651$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404293$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hewson, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Button, Jason B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gudenkauf, Brent M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miner, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newton, Alisa L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaydos, Joseph K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wynne, Janna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Groves, Cathy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendler, Gordon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murray, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fradkin, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breitbart, Mya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fahsbender, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lafferty, Kevin D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kilpatrick, A. Marm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miner, C. Melissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raimondi, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lahner, Lesanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedman, Carolyn S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daniels, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haulena, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marliave, Jeffrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burge, Colleen A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eisenlord, Morgan E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harvell, C. Drew</creatorcontrib><title>Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Significance Sea stars inhabiting the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of wasting disease, leading to their degradation and disappearance from many coastal areas. In this paper, we present evidence that the cause of the disease is transmissible from disease-affected animals to apparently healthy individuals, that the disease-causing agent is a virus-sized microorganism, and that the best candidate viral taxon, the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), is in greater abundance in diseased than in healthy sea stars.
Populations of at least 20 asteroid species on the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of sea-star (asteroid) wasting disease (SSWD). The disease leads to behavioral changes, lesions, loss of turgor, limb autotomy, and death characterized by rapid degradation (“melting”). Here, we present evidence from experimental challenge studies and field observations that link the mass mortalities to a densovirus ( Parvoviridae ). Virus-sized material (i.e., <0.2 μm) from symptomatic tissues that was inoculated into asymptomatic asteroids consistently resulted in SSWD signs whereas animals receiving heat-killed (i.e., control) virus-sized inoculum remained asymptomatic. Viral metagenomic investigations revealed the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) as the most likely candidate virus associated with tissues from symptomatic asteroids. Quantification of SSaDV during transmission trials indicated that progression of SSWD paralleled increased SSaDV load. In field surveys, SSaDV loads were more abundant in symptomatic than in asymptomatic asteroids. SSaDV could be detected in plankton, sediments and in nonasteroid echinoderms, providing a possible mechanism for viral spread. SSaDV was detected in museum specimens of asteroids from 1942, suggesting that it has been present on the North American Pacific Coast for at least 72 y. SSaDV is therefore the most promising candidate disease agent responsible for asteroid mass mortality.</description><subject>Ambidensovirus</subject><subject>Animal diseases</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Asteroidea</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>coasts</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources - methods</subject><subject>Densovirus</subject><subject>Densovirus - genetics</subject><subject>Densovirus - physiology</subject><subject>Disease models</subject><subject>Disease outbreaks</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>DNA, Viral - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Viral - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>etiological agents</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Viral</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments - virology</subject><subject>Host-Pathogen Interactions</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine biology</subject><subject>Metagenome - genetics</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>North America</subject><subject>Pacific Ocean</subject><subject>Parvoviridae</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Plankton - virology</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Population Dynamics</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Seawater - virology</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Starfish - classification</subject><subject>Starfish - genetics</subject><subject>Starfish - virology</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral load</subject><subject>Viral Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Wasting syndrome</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkTtvFDEUhS0EIptATQWMREMzyfXbbiKhkABSJApIbXk8no1Xs-PF9iTKv8fLLsujgcqSz3fP1T0HoRcYTjFIeraZbD7FDAtBOMb4EVpg0LgVTMNjtAAgslWMsCN0nPMKADRX8BQdEc6AEU0X6Oq9n3K8C2nOjc05umCL75v7UG6b7G2bi03Nvc0lTMumD_Ur-8ZOfbOudLOOqdgxlIdn6Mlgx-yf798TdHN1-fXiY3v9-cOni3fXrRNalXZQPVdOescH15Gea-4c0xp77zqqhKOM6UFh1XlGhs4raa0SmEjvOyGJHOgJOt_5buZu7Xvnp5LsaDYprG16MNEG86cyhVuzjHeGEQECeDV4uzdI8dvsczHrkJ0fRzv5OGeDFVCQimL5b1QwCcBq9P-BEq05lwQq-uYvdBXnNNXQKkWZkpT_oM52lEsx5-SHw4kYzLZ5s23e_Gq-Trz6PZkD_7PqCjR7YDt5sMPYMGVwTVdV5OUOWeUS04FhtIqCb3e83umDjcYuU8jm5gsBLAAwVbxu-Q4abMdB</recordid><startdate>20141202</startdate><enddate>20141202</enddate><creator>Hewson, Ian</creator><creator>Button, Jason B.</creator><creator>Gudenkauf, Brent M.</creator><creator>Miner, Benjamin</creator><creator>Newton, Alisa L.</creator><creator>Gaydos, Joseph K.</creator><creator>Wynne, Janna</creator><creator>Groves, Cathy L.</creator><creator>Hendler, Gordon</creator><creator>Murray, Michael</creator><creator>Fradkin, Steven</creator><creator>Breitbart, Mya</creator><creator>Fahsbender, Elizabeth</creator><creator>Lafferty, Kevin D.</creator><creator>Kilpatrick, A. 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Marm ; Miner, C. Melissa ; Raimondi, Peter ; Lahner, Lesanna ; Friedman, Carolyn S. ; Daniels, Stephen ; Haulena, Martin ; Marliave, Jeffrey ; Burge, Colleen A. ; Eisenlord, Morgan E. ; Harvell, C. 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Marm</au><au>Miner, C. Melissa</au><au>Raimondi, Peter</au><au>Lahner, Lesanna</au><au>Friedman, Carolyn S.</au><au>Daniels, Stephen</au><au>Haulena, Martin</au><au>Marliave, Jeffrey</au><au>Burge, Colleen A.</au><au>Eisenlord, Morgan E.</au><au>Harvell, C. Drew</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2014-12-02</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>111</volume><issue>48</issue><spage>17278</spage><epage>17283</epage><pages>17278-17283</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Significance Sea stars inhabiting the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of wasting disease, leading to their degradation and disappearance from many coastal areas. In this paper, we present evidence that the cause of the disease is transmissible from disease-affected animals to apparently healthy individuals, that the disease-causing agent is a virus-sized microorganism, and that the best candidate viral taxon, the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV), is in greater abundance in diseased than in healthy sea stars.
Populations of at least 20 asteroid species on the Northeast Pacific Coast have recently experienced an extensive outbreak of sea-star (asteroid) wasting disease (SSWD). The disease leads to behavioral changes, lesions, loss of turgor, limb autotomy, and death characterized by rapid degradation (“melting”). Here, we present evidence from experimental challenge studies and field observations that link the mass mortalities to a densovirus ( Parvoviridae ). Virus-sized material (i.e., <0.2 μm) from symptomatic tissues that was inoculated into asymptomatic asteroids consistently resulted in SSWD signs whereas animals receiving heat-killed (i.e., control) virus-sized inoculum remained asymptomatic. Viral metagenomic investigations revealed the sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) as the most likely candidate virus associated with tissues from symptomatic asteroids. Quantification of SSaDV during transmission trials indicated that progression of SSWD paralleled increased SSaDV load. In field surveys, SSaDV loads were more abundant in symptomatic than in asymptomatic asteroids. SSaDV could be detected in plankton, sediments and in nonasteroid echinoderms, providing a possible mechanism for viral spread. SSaDV was detected in museum specimens of asteroids from 1942, suggesting that it has been present on the North American Pacific Coast for at least 72 y. SSaDV is therefore the most promising candidate disease agent responsible for asteroid mass mortality.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>25404293</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1416625111</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2014-12, Vol.111 (48), p.17278-17283 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1803078317 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Ambidensovirus Animal diseases Animals Asteroidea Biological Sciences coasts Conservation of Natural Resources - methods Densovirus Densovirus - genetics Densovirus - physiology Disease models Disease outbreaks Disease transmission DNA, Viral - genetics DNA, Viral - isolation & purification Environmental Monitoring - methods Epidemics etiological agents Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Genomes Geography Geologic Sediments - virology Host-Pathogen Interactions Marine Marine biology Metagenome - genetics Mortality North America Pacific Ocean Parvoviridae Phylogeny Plankton - virology Population Density Population Dynamics Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Seawater - virology Species Specificity Starfish - classification Starfish - genetics Starfish - virology Viral diseases Viral load Viral Proteins - genetics Viruses Wasting syndrome |
| title | Densovirus associated with sea-star wasting disease and mass mortality |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T23%3A44%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Densovirus%20associated%20with%20sea-star%20wasting%20disease%20and%20mass%20mortality&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20-%20PNAS&rft.au=Hewson,%20Ian&rft.date=2014-12-02&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=17278&rft.epage=17283&rft.pages=17278-17283&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.eissn=1091-6490&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.1416625111&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E43278651%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1634873520&rft_id=info:pmid/25404293&rft_jstor_id=43278651&rfr_iscdi=true |