Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA
The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evalu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth 2016-02, Vol.121 (2), p.1131-1157 |
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| container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth |
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| creator | DuRoss, Christopher B. Personius, Stephen F. Crone, Anthony J. Olig, Susan S. Hylland, Michael D. Lund, William R. Schwartz, David P. |
| description | The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2015JB012519 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
Wasatch fault segmentation evaluated via synthesis of late Holocene paleoearthquakes
Complex ruptures shorter or longer than the primary segment lengths are possible
Wasatch fault compared to other multisegment normal faults</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9313</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9356</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015JB012519</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Barriers ; Boundaries ; Constraints ; Displacement ; earthquake ; Earthquakes ; Estimates ; Fault lines ; Fault zones ; Faults ; Floating ; Floating structures ; Geological faults ; Geological hazards ; Geophysics ; Holocene ; Length ; normal fault ; paleoseismology ; Prehistoric era ; Profiles ; Rupture ; Rupturing ; Segmentation ; Segments ; Seismic activity ; Seismic hazard ; Slip ; surface rupture ; Time measurement ; Uncertainty ; Wasatch fault</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth, 2016-02, Vol.121 (2), p.1131-1157</ispartof><rights>2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4957-cd762b7dcba0c698951e881df02fbbade963c1fb595049e0cc065b9166fa49913</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4957-cd762b7dcba0c698951e881df02fbbade963c1fb595049e0cc065b9166fa49913</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015JB012519$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015JB012519$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>DuRoss, Christopher B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Personius, Stephen F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crone, Anthony J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olig, Susan S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hylland, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lund, William R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, David P.</creatorcontrib><title>Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth</title><description>The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest (<3 ka) and best‐constrained earthquakes, differences in earthquake timing across prominent primary segment boundaries, especially for the most recent earthquakes on the north‐central WFZ, are consistent with segment‐controlled ruptures. However, broadly constrained earthquake times, dissimilar event times along the segments, the presence of smaller‐scale (subsegment) boundaries, and areas of complex faulting permit partial‐segment and multisegment (e.g., spillover) ruptures that are shorter (~20–40 km) or longer (~60–100 km) than the primary segment lengths (35–59 km). We report a segmented WFZ model that includes 24 earthquakes since ~7 ka and yields mean estimates of recurrence (1.1–1.3 kyr) and vertical slip rate (1.3–2.0 mm/yr) for the segments. However, additional rupture scenarios that include segment boundary spatial uncertainties, floating earthquakes, and multisegment ruptures are necessary to fully address epistemic uncertainties in rupture length. We compare the central WFZ to paleoseismic and historical surface ruptures in the Basin and Range Province and central Italian Apennines and conclude that displacement profiles have limited value for assessing the persistence of segment boundaries but can aid in interpreting prehistoric spillover ruptures. Our comparison also suggests that the probabilities of shorter and longer ruptures on the WFZ need to be investigated.
Key Points
Wasatch fault segmentation evaluated via synthesis of late Holocene paleoearthquakes
Complex ruptures shorter or longer than the primary segment lengths are possible
Wasatch fault compared to other multisegment normal faults</description><subject>Barriers</subject><subject>Boundaries</subject><subject>Constraints</subject><subject>Displacement</subject><subject>earthquake</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Fault lines</subject><subject>Fault zones</subject><subject>Faults</subject><subject>Floating</subject><subject>Floating structures</subject><subject>Geological faults</subject><subject>Geological hazards</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Holocene</subject><subject>Length</subject><subject>normal fault</subject><subject>paleoseismology</subject><subject>Prehistoric era</subject><subject>Profiles</subject><subject>Rupture</subject><subject>Rupturing</subject><subject>Segmentation</subject><subject>Segments</subject><subject>Seismic activity</subject><subject>Seismic hazard</subject><subject>Slip</subject><subject>surface rupture</subject><subject>Time measurement</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><subject>Wasatch fault</subject><issn>2169-9313</issn><issn>2169-9356</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMFKw0AQhoMoWGpvPkDAi4dGZzbZ3ay3tthqKQpqEbyEzWZjU9JszW4ofXtTIiIeOoeZYfjmn-H3vEuEGwQgtwSQzseAhKI48XoEmQhESNnpb4_huTewdg1txO0Io543m8qmdL7VnxtdOekKU935T3rnK1MpvXXWz2uz8d1K--_SSqdWfrfxYSo99JdOrtr8OrrwznJZWj34qX1vOb1_mzwEi-fZ42S0CGQkKA9UxhlJeaZSCYqJWFDUcYxZDiRPU5lpwUKFeUoFhUhoUAoYTQUylrcCAsO-d93pbmvz1Wjrkk1hlS5LWWnT2ARjAArACW_Rq3_o2jR11X6XoGjVGYkYHKU4jzhGwA5nhx2lamNtrfNkWxcbWe8ThORgf_LX_hYPO3xXlHp_lE3ms5cxxSji4TfMCYIr</recordid><startdate>201602</startdate><enddate>201602</enddate><creator>DuRoss, Christopher B.</creator><creator>Personius, Stephen F.</creator><creator>Crone, Anthony J.</creator><creator>Olig, Susan S.</creator><creator>Hylland, Michael D.</creator><creator>Lund, William R.</creator><creator>Schwartz, David P.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201602</creationdate><title>Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA</title><author>DuRoss, Christopher B. ; Personius, Stephen F. ; Crone, Anthony J. ; Olig, Susan S. ; Hylland, Michael D. ; Lund, William R. ; Schwartz, David P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4957-cd762b7dcba0c698951e881df02fbbade963c1fb595049e0cc065b9166fa49913</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Barriers</topic><topic>Boundaries</topic><topic>Constraints</topic><topic>Displacement</topic><topic>earthquake</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Fault lines</topic><topic>Fault zones</topic><topic>Faults</topic><topic>Floating</topic><topic>Floating structures</topic><topic>Geological faults</topic><topic>Geological hazards</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Holocene</topic><topic>Length</topic><topic>normal fault</topic><topic>paleoseismology</topic><topic>Prehistoric era</topic><topic>Profiles</topic><topic>Rupture</topic><topic>Rupturing</topic><topic>Segmentation</topic><topic>Segments</topic><topic>Seismic activity</topic><topic>Seismic hazard</topic><topic>Slip</topic><topic>surface rupture</topic><topic>Time measurement</topic><topic>Uncertainty</topic><topic>Wasatch fault</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>DuRoss, Christopher B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Personius, Stephen F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crone, Anthony J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olig, Susan S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hylland, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lund, William R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwartz, David P.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>DuRoss, Christopher B.</au><au>Personius, Stephen F.</au><au>Crone, Anthony J.</au><au>Olig, Susan S.</au><au>Hylland, Michael D.</au><au>Lund, William R.</au><au>Schwartz, David P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth</jtitle><date>2016-02</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>121</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1131</spage><epage>1157</epage><pages>1131-1157</pages><issn>2169-9313</issn><eissn>2169-9356</eissn><abstract>The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest (<3 ka) and best‐constrained earthquakes, differences in earthquake timing across prominent primary segment boundaries, especially for the most recent earthquakes on the north‐central WFZ, are consistent with segment‐controlled ruptures. However, broadly constrained earthquake times, dissimilar event times along the segments, the presence of smaller‐scale (subsegment) boundaries, and areas of complex faulting permit partial‐segment and multisegment (e.g., spillover) ruptures that are shorter (~20–40 km) or longer (~60–100 km) than the primary segment lengths (35–59 km). We report a segmented WFZ model that includes 24 earthquakes since ~7 ka and yields mean estimates of recurrence (1.1–1.3 kyr) and vertical slip rate (1.3–2.0 mm/yr) for the segments. However, additional rupture scenarios that include segment boundary spatial uncertainties, floating earthquakes, and multisegment ruptures are necessary to fully address epistemic uncertainties in rupture length. We compare the central WFZ to paleoseismic and historical surface ruptures in the Basin and Range Province and central Italian Apennines and conclude that displacement profiles have limited value for assessing the persistence of segment boundaries but can aid in interpreting prehistoric spillover ruptures. Our comparison also suggests that the probabilities of shorter and longer ruptures on the WFZ need to be investigated.
Key Points
Wasatch fault segmentation evaluated via synthesis of late Holocene paleoearthquakes
Complex ruptures shorter or longer than the primary segment lengths are possible
Wasatch fault compared to other multisegment normal faults</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2015JB012519</doi><tpages>27</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2169-9313 |
| ispartof | Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth, 2016-02, Vol.121 (2), p.1131-1157 |
| issn | 2169-9313 2169-9356 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection) |
| subjects | Barriers Boundaries Constraints Displacement earthquake Earthquakes Estimates Fault lines Fault zones Faults Floating Floating structures Geological faults Geological hazards Geophysics Holocene Length normal fault paleoseismology Prehistoric era Profiles Rupture Rupturing Segmentation Segments Seismic activity Seismic hazard Slip surface rupture Time measurement Uncertainty Wasatch fault |
| title | Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA |
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