The Effect of Refining Slag and Refractory on Inclusion Transformation in Extra Low Oxygen Steels
MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag both have the potential to supply Mg or Ca to the molten steel and then prompt the inclusion transformation. In this paper, the effect of MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag on the spinel generation was investigated on laboratorial scale. The results i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science Process metallurgy and materials processing science, 2016-04, Vol.47 (2), p.999-1009 |
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| creator | Liu, Chunyang Huang, Fuxiang Wang, Xinhua |
| description | MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag both have the potential to supply Mg or Ca to the molten steel and then prompt the inclusion transformation. In this paper, the effect of MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag on the spinel generation was investigated on laboratorial scale. The results indicated that refractory had a great contribution to MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generation. Although refining slag was faster than MgO-C refractory and than MgO refractory in terms of Mg supply velocity, if the interaction area with the molten steel was taken into calculation, MgO-C and MgO refractory supplied more Mg into molten steel than refining slag during the same time. In addition, refining slag can not only supply Mg into the molten steel to form MgO in inclusions but also supply Ca to generate CaO bearing inclusions. The Al
2
O
3
inclusions transformed through the Al
2
O
3
→ MgO·Al
2
O
3
→ CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
routine and the reason why the Al
2
O
3
inclusions degraded into MgO·Al
2
O
3
rather than CaO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions firstly was clarified. CaO and MgO in the slag can be both reduced at the slag–metal interface and then supply [Ca] and [Mg] into the steel melt. [Ca] activity was dramatically suppressed by the dissolved oxygen in the steel melt and the Ca activity coefficient was near zero, however, the Mg activity coefficient was almost 1, and therefore, MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generated firstly. When the dissolved oxygen decreased and the Ca activity increased, [Ca] reacted with existed inclusions spinel and generated CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11663-016-0592-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1800499302</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1800499302</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-8b03e7622b0317e3936c81b09fdbd6aa231d5cff99d31b91d366eca49e7fcf693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kMFLwzAUxosoOKd_gLeAFy_RvKZNl6OMqYPBwM1zSNOkdnTJTFrc_ntT6kEET-97j9_7eO9LklsgD0BI8RgAGKOYAMMk5ylOz5IJ5BnFwIGdR00KinMG-WVyFcKOEMI4p5NEbj80WhijVYecQW_aNLaxNdq0skbSVsPES9U5f0LOoqVVbR-aqLZe2mCc38tuaBuLFsfOS7RyX2h9PNXaok2ndRuukwsj26Bvfuo0eX9ebOeveLV-Wc6fVlhlkHd4VhKqC5amsUKhKadMzaAk3FRlxaRMKVS5MobzikLJoaKMaSUzrgujDON0mtyPvgfvPnsdOrFvgtJtK612fRAwIySLP5M0ond_0J3rvY3XCSgKYLMYYx4pGCnlXQheG3HwzV76kwAihtDFGLqItBhCF4NzOu6EyNpa-1_O_y59A70tg_Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1771680165</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Effect of Refining Slag and Refractory on Inclusion Transformation in Extra Low Oxygen Steels</title><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Liu, Chunyang ; Huang, Fuxiang ; Wang, Xinhua</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chunyang ; Huang, Fuxiang ; Wang, Xinhua</creatorcontrib><description>MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag both have the potential to supply Mg or Ca to the molten steel and then prompt the inclusion transformation. In this paper, the effect of MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag on the spinel generation was investigated on laboratorial scale. The results indicated that refractory had a great contribution to MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generation. Although refining slag was faster than MgO-C refractory and than MgO refractory in terms of Mg supply velocity, if the interaction area with the molten steel was taken into calculation, MgO-C and MgO refractory supplied more Mg into molten steel than refining slag during the same time. In addition, refining slag can not only supply Mg into the molten steel to form MgO in inclusions but also supply Ca to generate CaO bearing inclusions. The Al
2
O
3
inclusions transformed through the Al
2
O
3
→ MgO·Al
2
O
3
→ CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
routine and the reason why the Al
2
O
3
inclusions degraded into MgO·Al
2
O
3
rather than CaO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions firstly was clarified. CaO and MgO in the slag can be both reduced at the slag–metal interface and then supply [Ca] and [Mg] into the steel melt. [Ca] activity was dramatically suppressed by the dissolved oxygen in the steel melt and the Ca activity coefficient was near zero, however, the Mg activity coefficient was almost 1, and therefore, MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generated firstly. When the dissolved oxygen decreased and the Ca activity increased, [Ca] reacted with existed inclusions spinel and generated CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1073-5615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-1916</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11663-016-0592-2</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MTTBCR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Inclusions ; Iron and steel making ; Magnesium oxide ; Materials Science ; Metallic Materials ; Metallurgy ; Nanotechnology ; Refining ; Refractories ; Slag ; Slags ; Spinel ; Steel ; Steels ; Structural Materials ; Surfaces and Interfaces ; Thin Films</subject><ispartof>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science, 2016-04, Vol.47 (2), p.999-1009</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-8b03e7622b0317e3936c81b09fdbd6aa231d5cff99d31b91d366eca49e7fcf693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-8b03e7622b0317e3936c81b09fdbd6aa231d5cff99d31b91d366eca49e7fcf693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-016-0592-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11663-016-0592-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chunyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Fuxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xinhua</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Refining Slag and Refractory on Inclusion Transformation in Extra Low Oxygen Steels</title><title>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science</title><addtitle>Metall Mater Trans B</addtitle><description>MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag both have the potential to supply Mg or Ca to the molten steel and then prompt the inclusion transformation. In this paper, the effect of MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag on the spinel generation was investigated on laboratorial scale. The results indicated that refractory had a great contribution to MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generation. Although refining slag was faster than MgO-C refractory and than MgO refractory in terms of Mg supply velocity, if the interaction area with the molten steel was taken into calculation, MgO-C and MgO refractory supplied more Mg into molten steel than refining slag during the same time. In addition, refining slag can not only supply Mg into the molten steel to form MgO in inclusions but also supply Ca to generate CaO bearing inclusions. The Al
2
O
3
inclusions transformed through the Al
2
O
3
→ MgO·Al
2
O
3
→ CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
routine and the reason why the Al
2
O
3
inclusions degraded into MgO·Al
2
O
3
rather than CaO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions firstly was clarified. CaO and MgO in the slag can be both reduced at the slag–metal interface and then supply [Ca] and [Mg] into the steel melt. [Ca] activity was dramatically suppressed by the dissolved oxygen in the steel melt and the Ca activity coefficient was near zero, however, the Mg activity coefficient was almost 1, and therefore, MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generated firstly. When the dissolved oxygen decreased and the Ca activity increased, [Ca] reacted with existed inclusions spinel and generated CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions.</description><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Iron and steel making</subject><subject>Magnesium oxide</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metallic Materials</subject><subject>Metallurgy</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Refining</subject><subject>Refractories</subject><subject>Slag</subject><subject>Slags</subject><subject>Spinel</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>Steels</subject><subject>Structural Materials</subject><subject>Surfaces and Interfaces</subject><subject>Thin Films</subject><issn>1073-5615</issn><issn>1543-1916</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kMFLwzAUxosoOKd_gLeAFy_RvKZNl6OMqYPBwM1zSNOkdnTJTFrc_ntT6kEET-97j9_7eO9LklsgD0BI8RgAGKOYAMMk5ylOz5IJ5BnFwIGdR00KinMG-WVyFcKOEMI4p5NEbj80WhijVYecQW_aNLaxNdq0skbSVsPES9U5f0LOoqVVbR-aqLZe2mCc38tuaBuLFsfOS7RyX2h9PNXaok2ndRuukwsj26Bvfuo0eX9ebOeveLV-Wc6fVlhlkHd4VhKqC5amsUKhKadMzaAk3FRlxaRMKVS5MobzikLJoaKMaSUzrgujDON0mtyPvgfvPnsdOrFvgtJtK612fRAwIySLP5M0ond_0J3rvY3XCSgKYLMYYx4pGCnlXQheG3HwzV76kwAihtDFGLqItBhCF4NzOu6EyNpa-1_O_y59A70tg_Q</recordid><startdate>20160401</startdate><enddate>20160401</enddate><creator>Liu, Chunyang</creator><creator>Huang, Fuxiang</creator><creator>Wang, Xinhua</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7QF</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160401</creationdate><title>The Effect of Refining Slag and Refractory on Inclusion Transformation in Extra Low Oxygen Steels</title><author>Liu, Chunyang ; Huang, Fuxiang ; Wang, Xinhua</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-8b03e7622b0317e3936c81b09fdbd6aa231d5cff99d31b91d366eca49e7fcf693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Iron and steel making</topic><topic>Magnesium oxide</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Metallic Materials</topic><topic>Metallurgy</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Refining</topic><topic>Refractories</topic><topic>Slag</topic><topic>Slags</topic><topic>Spinel</topic><topic>Steel</topic><topic>Steels</topic><topic>Structural Materials</topic><topic>Surfaces and Interfaces</topic><topic>Thin Films</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chunyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Fuxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xinhua</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Chunyang</au><au>Huang, Fuxiang</au><au>Wang, Xinhua</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effect of Refining Slag and Refractory on Inclusion Transformation in Extra Low Oxygen Steels</atitle><jtitle>Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science</jtitle><stitle>Metall Mater Trans B</stitle><date>2016-04-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>999</spage><epage>1009</epage><pages>999-1009</pages><issn>1073-5615</issn><eissn>1543-1916</eissn><coden>MTTBCR</coden><abstract>MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag both have the potential to supply Mg or Ca to the molten steel and then prompt the inclusion transformation. In this paper, the effect of MgO-based refractory and MgO bearing slag on the spinel generation was investigated on laboratorial scale. The results indicated that refractory had a great contribution to MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generation. Although refining slag was faster than MgO-C refractory and than MgO refractory in terms of Mg supply velocity, if the interaction area with the molten steel was taken into calculation, MgO-C and MgO refractory supplied more Mg into molten steel than refining slag during the same time. In addition, refining slag can not only supply Mg into the molten steel to form MgO in inclusions but also supply Ca to generate CaO bearing inclusions. The Al
2
O
3
inclusions transformed through the Al
2
O
3
→ MgO·Al
2
O
3
→ CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
routine and the reason why the Al
2
O
3
inclusions degraded into MgO·Al
2
O
3
rather than CaO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions firstly was clarified. CaO and MgO in the slag can be both reduced at the slag–metal interface and then supply [Ca] and [Mg] into the steel melt. [Ca] activity was dramatically suppressed by the dissolved oxygen in the steel melt and the Ca activity coefficient was near zero, however, the Mg activity coefficient was almost 1, and therefore, MgO·Al
2
O
3
spinel generated firstly. When the dissolved oxygen decreased and the Ca activity increased, [Ca] reacted with existed inclusions spinel and generated CaO·MgO·Al
2
O
3
inclusions.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11663-016-0592-2</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science, 2016-04, Vol.47 (2), p.999-1009 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Inclusions Iron and steel making Magnesium oxide Materials Science Metallic Materials Metallurgy Nanotechnology Refining Refractories Slag Slags Spinel Steel Steels Structural Materials Surfaces and Interfaces Thin Films |
| title | The Effect of Refining Slag and Refractory on Inclusion Transformation in Extra Low Oxygen Steels |
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