The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes
In vitro models are being used to evaluate the toxic and irritating effects of JP-8, a kerosene-based jet fuel. JP-8 components are volatile, which makes in vitro studies difficult to evaluate dose–response relationships due to changes in chemical dosimetry caused by evaporation from the exposure me...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Toxicology (Amsterdam) 2004-04, Vol.197 (2), p.112-120 |
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creator | Rogers, James V Siegel, Gayl L Pollard, Dan L Rooney, Aubrie D McDougal, James N |
description | In vitro models are being used to evaluate the toxic and irritating effects of JP-8, a kerosene-based jet fuel. JP-8 components are volatile, which makes in vitro studies difficult to evaluate dose–response relationships due to changes in chemical dosimetry caused by evaporation from the exposure medium. An in vitro approach testing volatile chemical toxicity that we have recently developed was used to evaluate the toxicity of the JP-8 components
m-xylene, 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN), and
n-nonane in keratinocytes. Partition coefficients were measured and used to estimate the chemical concentration in the keratinocytes. The EC
50 for
m-xylene and 1-MN decreased significantly (
P≤0.05) at 1, 2, and 4
h. For
n-nonane, no significant decreases in the EC
50 values were observed over time; marginal cytotoxicity of
n-nonane in keratinocytes was observed at 1
h. Within 4
h, about 75–90% of each volatile chemical was observed to be lost from the exposure medium when tissues were exposed in unsealed 24-well plates. This decrease resulted in significantly higher medium chemical concentrations needed to obtain EC
50 values when compared to tissues exposed in sealed vials. This study demonstrates that chemical evaporation during in vitro exposures can significantly affect toxicological endpoint measurements. Ultimately, relating target cell chemical concentration to cellular responses in vitro could be used in determining an equivalent external dose using a biologically-based mathematical model. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.tox.2003.12.011 |
format | Article |
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m-xylene, 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN), and
n-nonane in keratinocytes. Partition coefficients were measured and used to estimate the chemical concentration in the keratinocytes. The EC
50 for
m-xylene and 1-MN decreased significantly (
P≤0.05) at 1, 2, and 4
h. For
n-nonane, no significant decreases in the EC
50 values were observed over time; marginal cytotoxicity of
n-nonane in keratinocytes was observed at 1
h. Within 4
h, about 75–90% of each volatile chemical was observed to be lost from the exposure medium when tissues were exposed in unsealed 24-well plates. This decrease resulted in significantly higher medium chemical concentrations needed to obtain EC
50 values when compared to tissues exposed in sealed vials. This study demonstrates that chemical evaporation during in vitro exposures can significantly affect toxicological endpoint measurements. Ultimately, relating target cell chemical concentration to cellular responses in vitro could be used in determining an equivalent external dose using a biologically-based mathematical model.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-483X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3185</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.12.011</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15003322</identifier><identifier>CODEN: TXICDD</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Alkanes - chemistry ; Alkanes - toxicity ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; Culture Media ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hydrocarbons - chemistry ; Hydrocarbons - toxicity ; In vitro ; JP-8 ; JP-8 fuel ; Keratinocyte ; Keratinocytes - drug effects ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Naphthalenes - chemistry ; Naphthalenes - toxicity ; Skin ; Toxicology ; Various organic compounds ; Volatilization ; Xylenes - chemistry ; Xylenes - toxicity</subject><ispartof>Toxicology (Amsterdam), 2004-04, Vol.197 (2), p.112-120</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-122a817b2b0ef7b3767555df0ebbc0a5f153077a842ddb7dcb5dd937461e535a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-122a817b2b0ef7b3767555df0ebbc0a5f153077a842ddb7dcb5dd937461e535a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2003.12.011$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27922,27923,45993</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15544381$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003322$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rogers, James V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siegel, Gayl L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollard, Dan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rooney, Aubrie D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDougal, James N</creatorcontrib><title>The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes</title><title>Toxicology (Amsterdam)</title><addtitle>Toxicology</addtitle><description>In vitro models are being used to evaluate the toxic and irritating effects of JP-8, a kerosene-based jet fuel. JP-8 components are volatile, which makes in vitro studies difficult to evaluate dose–response relationships due to changes in chemical dosimetry caused by evaporation from the exposure medium. An in vitro approach testing volatile chemical toxicity that we have recently developed was used to evaluate the toxicity of the JP-8 components
m-xylene, 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN), and
n-nonane in keratinocytes. Partition coefficients were measured and used to estimate the chemical concentration in the keratinocytes. The EC
50 for
m-xylene and 1-MN decreased significantly (
P≤0.05) at 1, 2, and 4
h. For
n-nonane, no significant decreases in the EC
50 values were observed over time; marginal cytotoxicity of
n-nonane in keratinocytes was observed at 1
h. Within 4
h, about 75–90% of each volatile chemical was observed to be lost from the exposure medium when tissues were exposed in unsealed 24-well plates. This decrease resulted in significantly higher medium chemical concentrations needed to obtain EC
50 values when compared to tissues exposed in sealed vials. This study demonstrates that chemical evaporation during in vitro exposures can significantly affect toxicological endpoint measurements. Ultimately, relating target cell chemical concentration to cellular responses in vitro could be used in determining an equivalent external dose using a biologically-based mathematical model.</description><subject>Alkanes - chemistry</subject><subject>Alkanes - toxicity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Culture Media</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons - chemistry</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons - toxicity</subject><subject>In vitro</subject><subject>JP-8</subject><subject>JP-8 fuel</subject><subject>Keratinocyte</subject><subject>Keratinocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Naphthalenes - chemistry</subject><subject>Naphthalenes - toxicity</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Various organic compounds</subject><subject>Volatilization</subject><subject>Xylenes - chemistry</subject><subject>Xylenes - toxicity</subject><issn>0300-483X</issn><issn>1879-3185</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFvEzEQRi0EoqH0B3BBvsBtlxl7HW_ECVUtBVVqD0XqzfLas8Jhsw62U5F_j6NEoidOvrzvafwYe4fQIuDy07ot8U8rAGSLogXEF2yBvV41Env1ki1AAjRdLx_P2Juc1wAgZLd8zc5Q1Y0UYsGuH34Sd_sSqym4UPY8jvwpTraEifj3-6bnayp83NHEXdxs40xzyTzM_BelCs2xjim_Za9GO2W6OL3n7Mf11cPlTXN79_Xb5ZfbxnUIpUEhbI96EAPQqAepl1op5UegYXBg1YhKgta274T3g_ZuUN6vpO6WSEoqK8_Zx6N3m-LvHeViNiE7miY7U9xlg3qFatWJCuIRdCnmnGg02xQ2Nu0NgjnEM2tTv2wO8QwKU-PVzfuTfDdsyP9bnGpV4MMJsNnZaUx2diE_41TXyf4g-nzkqKZ4CpRMdoFmRz4kcsX4GP5zxl__CYxF</recordid><startdate>20040415</startdate><enddate>20040415</enddate><creator>Rogers, James V</creator><creator>Siegel, Gayl L</creator><creator>Pollard, Dan L</creator><creator>Rooney, Aubrie D</creator><creator>McDougal, James N</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040415</creationdate><title>The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes</title><author>Rogers, James V ; Siegel, Gayl L ; Pollard, Dan L ; Rooney, Aubrie D ; McDougal, James N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-122a817b2b0ef7b3767555df0ebbc0a5f153077a842ddb7dcb5dd937461e535a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Alkanes - chemistry</topic><topic>Alkanes - toxicity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>Culture Media</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons - chemistry</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons - toxicity</topic><topic>In vitro</topic><topic>JP-8</topic><topic>JP-8 fuel</topic><topic>Keratinocyte</topic><topic>Keratinocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Naphthalenes - chemistry</topic><topic>Naphthalenes - toxicity</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Various organic compounds</topic><topic>Volatilization</topic><topic>Xylenes - chemistry</topic><topic>Xylenes - toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rogers, James V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siegel, Gayl L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollard, Dan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rooney, Aubrie D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McDougal, James N</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Toxicology (Amsterdam)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rogers, James V</au><au>Siegel, Gayl L</au><au>Pollard, Dan L</au><au>Rooney, Aubrie D</au><au>McDougal, James N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes</atitle><jtitle>Toxicology (Amsterdam)</jtitle><addtitle>Toxicology</addtitle><date>2004-04-15</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>197</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>112</spage><epage>120</epage><pages>112-120</pages><issn>0300-483X</issn><eissn>1879-3185</eissn><coden>TXICDD</coden><abstract>In vitro models are being used to evaluate the toxic and irritating effects of JP-8, a kerosene-based jet fuel. JP-8 components are volatile, which makes in vitro studies difficult to evaluate dose–response relationships due to changes in chemical dosimetry caused by evaporation from the exposure medium. An in vitro approach testing volatile chemical toxicity that we have recently developed was used to evaluate the toxicity of the JP-8 components
m-xylene, 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN), and
n-nonane in keratinocytes. Partition coefficients were measured and used to estimate the chemical concentration in the keratinocytes. The EC
50 for
m-xylene and 1-MN decreased significantly (
P≤0.05) at 1, 2, and 4
h. For
n-nonane, no significant decreases in the EC
50 values were observed over time; marginal cytotoxicity of
n-nonane in keratinocytes was observed at 1
h. Within 4
h, about 75–90% of each volatile chemical was observed to be lost from the exposure medium when tissues were exposed in unsealed 24-well plates. This decrease resulted in significantly higher medium chemical concentrations needed to obtain EC
50 values when compared to tissues exposed in sealed vials. This study demonstrates that chemical evaporation during in vitro exposures can significantly affect toxicological endpoint measurements. Ultimately, relating target cell chemical concentration to cellular responses in vitro could be used in determining an equivalent external dose using a biologically-based mathematical model.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>15003322</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.tox.2003.12.011</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Alkanes - chemistry Alkanes - toxicity Animals Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Culture Media Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Hydrocarbons - chemistry Hydrocarbons - toxicity In vitro JP-8 JP-8 fuel Keratinocyte Keratinocytes - drug effects Medical sciences Mice Naphthalenes - chemistry Naphthalenes - toxicity Skin Toxicology Various organic compounds Volatilization Xylenes - chemistry Xylenes - toxicity |
title | The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes |
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