Raindrop Size Distribution and Rain Characteristics during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood
Drop size distributions observed by four Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometers during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood are used to diagnose rain characteristics during intensive rainfall episodes. The analysis focuses on 30 h of intense rainfall in the vicinity of Boulder, Colorado, from 2200...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of hydrometeorology 2016-01, Vol.17 (1), p.53-72 |
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| creator | Friedrich, Katja Kalina, Evan A. Aikins, Joshua Steiner, Matthias Gochis, David Kucera, Paul A. Ikeda, Kyoko Sun, Juanzhen |
| description | Drop size distributions observed by four Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometers during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood are used to diagnose rain characteristics during intensive rainfall episodes. The analysis focuses on 30 h of intense rainfall in the vicinity of Boulder, Colorado, from 2200 UTC 11 September to 0400 UTC 13 September 2013. Rainfall rates R, median volume diameters D₀, reflectivity Z, drop size distributions (DSDs), and gamma DSD parameters were derived and compared between the foothills and adjacent plains locations. Rainfall throughout the entire event was characterized by a large number of small- to medium-sized raindrops (diameters smaller than 1.5 mm) resulting in small values of Z ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/jhm-d-14-0184.1 |
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dr (<1.3 dB), specific differential phase K
dp (<1° km−1), and D₀ (<1 mm). In addition, high liquid water content was present throughout the entire event. Raindrops observed in the plains were generally larger than those in the foothills. DSDs observed in the foothills were characterized by a large concentration of small-sized drops (d < 1 mm). Heavy rainfall rates with slightly larger drops were observed during the first intense rainfall episode (0000–0800 UTC 12 September) and were associated with areas of enhanced low-level convergence and vertical velocity according to the wind fields derived from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System. The disdrometer-derived Z–R relationships reflect how unusual the DSDs were during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood. As a result, Z–R relations commonly used by the operational NEXRAD strongly underestimated rainfall rates by up to 43%.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1525-755X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-7541</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-14-0184.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Disdrometers ; Doppler radar ; Doppler sonar ; Drop size ; Floods ; Foothills ; Heavy rainfall ; Heavy rainfall rates ; Hydrology ; Moisture content ; Nexrad ; Particle size distribution ; Plains ; Precipitation ; Radar ; Rain ; Raindrop size distribution ; Raindrop velocity ; Raindrops ; Rainfall ; Rainfall rate ; Reflectance ; Size distribution ; Studies ; Velocity ; Vertical velocities ; Water ; Water content ; Wind fields</subject><ispartof>Journal of hydrometeorology, 2016-01, Vol.17 (1), p.53-72</ispartof><rights>2016 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Jan 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-c1f1c6aba4c300121c729a6c0f4731a2d17dbc0cb6fc8e9676bfc75358d3d7c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-c1f1c6aba4c300121c729a6c0f4731a2d17dbc0cb6fc8e9676bfc75358d3d7c03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24915556$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24915556$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,3672,27915,27916,58008,58241</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Friedrich, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalina, Evan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aikins, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steiner, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gochis, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kucera, Paul A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeda, Kyoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Juanzhen</creatorcontrib><title>Raindrop Size Distribution and Rain Characteristics during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood</title><title>Journal of hydrometeorology</title><description>Drop size distributions observed by four Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometers during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood are used to diagnose rain characteristics during intensive rainfall episodes. The analysis focuses on 30 h of intense rainfall in the vicinity of Boulder, Colorado, from 2200 UTC 11 September to 0400 UTC 13 September 2013. Rainfall rates R, median volume diameters D₀, reflectivity Z, drop size distributions (DSDs), and gamma DSD parameters were derived and compared between the foothills and adjacent plains locations. Rainfall throughout the entire event was characterized by a large number of small- to medium-sized raindrops (diameters smaller than 1.5 mm) resulting in small values of Z (<40 dBZ), differential reflectivity Z
dr (<1.3 dB), specific differential phase K
dp (<1° km−1), and D₀ (<1 mm). In addition, high liquid water content was present throughout the entire event. Raindrops observed in the plains were generally larger than those in the foothills. DSDs observed in the foothills were characterized by a large concentration of small-sized drops (d < 1 mm). Heavy rainfall rates with slightly larger drops were observed during the first intense rainfall episode (0000–0800 UTC 12 September) and were associated with areas of enhanced low-level convergence and vertical velocity according to the wind fields derived from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System. The disdrometer-derived Z–R relationships reflect how unusual the DSDs were during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood. As a result, Z–R relations commonly used by the operational NEXRAD strongly underestimated rainfall rates by up to 43%.</description><subject>Disdrometers</subject><subject>Doppler radar</subject><subject>Doppler sonar</subject><subject>Drop size</subject><subject>Floods</subject><subject>Foothills</subject><subject>Heavy rainfall</subject><subject>Heavy rainfall rates</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Nexrad</subject><subject>Particle size distribution</subject><subject>Plains</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Raindrop size distribution</subject><subject>Raindrop velocity</subject><subject>Raindrops</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Rainfall rate</subject><subject>Reflectance</subject><subject>Size distribution</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Vertical velocities</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water content</subject><subject>Wind fields</subject><issn>1525-755X</issn><issn>1525-7541</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkM9LwzAUx4soOKdnT0LAi5dueU2TtEfZ3KZMBH_AbiFNUpfSNTNpD_rX2zLZwdN78P18H49PFF0DngBwOq22u1jHkMYYsnQCJ9EIaEJjTlM4Pe50cx5dhFBhjNMcslG0eZW20d7t0Zv9MWhuQ-tt0bXWNUg2Gg0xmm2ll6o1vk-tCkh33jafqN0alGAgaOmNbNHM1c5L7dCidk5fRmelrIO5-pvj6GPx8D5bxeuX5ePsfh2rlEAbKyhBMVnIVBGMIQHFk1wyhcuUE5CJBq4LhVXBSpWZnHFWlIpTQjNNNFeYjKO7w929d1-dCa3Y2aBMXcvGuC4I4DnOGYMMevT2H1q5zjf9dwLyhPE8pzBQ0wOlvAvBm1Lsvd1J_y0Ai8G0eFo9i7mAVAymxdC4OTSq0Dp_xJPeMKWUkV9iXHpf</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>Friedrich, Katja</creator><creator>Kalina, Evan A.</creator><creator>Aikins, Joshua</creator><creator>Steiner, Matthias</creator><creator>Gochis, David</creator><creator>Kucera, Paul A.</creator><creator>Ikeda, Kyoko</creator><creator>Sun, Juanzhen</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Raindrop Size Distribution and Rain Characteristics during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood</title><author>Friedrich, Katja ; Kalina, Evan A. ; Aikins, Joshua ; Steiner, Matthias ; Gochis, David ; Kucera, Paul A. ; Ikeda, Kyoko ; Sun, Juanzhen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-c1f1c6aba4c300121c729a6c0f4731a2d17dbc0cb6fc8e9676bfc75358d3d7c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Disdrometers</topic><topic>Doppler radar</topic><topic>Doppler sonar</topic><topic>Drop size</topic><topic>Floods</topic><topic>Foothills</topic><topic>Heavy rainfall</topic><topic>Heavy rainfall rates</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Nexrad</topic><topic>Particle size distribution</topic><topic>Plains</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Radar</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Raindrop size distribution</topic><topic>Raindrop velocity</topic><topic>Raindrops</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Rainfall rate</topic><topic>Reflectance</topic><topic>Size distribution</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Vertical velocities</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water content</topic><topic>Wind fields</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Friedrich, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalina, Evan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aikins, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steiner, Matthias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gochis, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kucera, Paul A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeda, Kyoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Juanzhen</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Journal of hydrometeorology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Friedrich, Katja</au><au>Kalina, Evan A.</au><au>Aikins, Joshua</au><au>Steiner, Matthias</au><au>Gochis, David</au><au>Kucera, Paul A.</au><au>Ikeda, Kyoko</au><au>Sun, Juanzhen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Raindrop Size Distribution and Rain Characteristics during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood</atitle><jtitle>Journal of hydrometeorology</jtitle><date>2016-01-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>53</spage><epage>72</epage><pages>53-72</pages><issn>1525-755X</issn><eissn>1525-7541</eissn><abstract>Drop size distributions observed by four Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometers during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood are used to diagnose rain characteristics during intensive rainfall episodes. The analysis focuses on 30 h of intense rainfall in the vicinity of Boulder, Colorado, from 2200 UTC 11 September to 0400 UTC 13 September 2013. Rainfall rates R, median volume diameters D₀, reflectivity Z, drop size distributions (DSDs), and gamma DSD parameters were derived and compared between the foothills and adjacent plains locations. Rainfall throughout the entire event was characterized by a large number of small- to medium-sized raindrops (diameters smaller than 1.5 mm) resulting in small values of Z (<40 dBZ), differential reflectivity Z
dr (<1.3 dB), specific differential phase K
dp (<1° km−1), and D₀ (<1 mm). In addition, high liquid water content was present throughout the entire event. Raindrops observed in the plains were generally larger than those in the foothills. DSDs observed in the foothills were characterized by a large concentration of small-sized drops (d < 1 mm). Heavy rainfall rates with slightly larger drops were observed during the first intense rainfall episode (0000–0800 UTC 12 September) and were associated with areas of enhanced low-level convergence and vertical velocity according to the wind fields derived from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System. The disdrometer-derived Z–R relationships reflect how unusual the DSDs were during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood. As a result, Z–R relations commonly used by the operational NEXRAD strongly underestimated rainfall rates by up to 43%.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/jhm-d-14-0184.1</doi><tpages>20</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | American Meteorological Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Jstor Complete Legacy; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Disdrometers Doppler radar Doppler sonar Drop size Floods Foothills Heavy rainfall Heavy rainfall rates Hydrology Moisture content Nexrad Particle size distribution Plains Precipitation Radar Rain Raindrop size distribution Raindrop velocity Raindrops Rainfall Rainfall rate Reflectance Size distribution Studies Velocity Vertical velocities Water Water content Wind fields |
| title | Raindrop Size Distribution and Rain Characteristics during the 2013 Great Colorado Flood |
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