Industrial Swine and Poultry Production Causes Chronic Nutrient and Fecal Microbial Stream Pollution
Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are the principal means of livestock production in the USA and Europe, and these industrial-scale facilities have a high potential to pollute nearby waterways. Chemical and biological stream water quality of a swine and poultry CAFO-rich watershed was i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2015-12, Vol.226 (12), p.1-13, Article 407 |
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| creator | Mallin, Michael A McIver, Matthew R Robuck, Anna R Dickens, Amanda Kahn |
| description | Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are the principal means of livestock production in the USA and Europe, and these industrial-scale facilities have a high potential to pollute nearby waterways. Chemical and biological stream water quality of a swine and poultry CAFO-rich watershed was investigated on 10 dates during 2013. Geometric mean fecal coliform counts were in the thousands at five of seven sites, especially in locations near swine waste sprayfields. Nitrate concentrations were very high and widespread throughout the watershed, with some individual samples yielding >10 mg-N/L. Ammonium concentrations were likewise high, but greatest near swine waste sprayfields, ranging up to 38 mg-N/L. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations exceeded 10 mg/L in 11 of 70 stream samples, reaching as high as 88 mg/L. BOD5 concentrations were significantly correlated with components of animal waste including total organic carbon, ammonium, and phosphorus, as well as the nutrient response variable chlorophyll a. The degree of nutrient and fecal contamination did not significantly differ between rainy and dry periods, indicating that surface and groundwater pollution occurs independently of stormwater runoff. This research shows that industrial-scale swine and poultry production leads to chronic pollution that is both a human health and ecosystem hazard. There are approximately 450,000 CAFOs currently operating in the USA, with the majority located in watersheds feeding major riverine and estuarine systems with known water quality problems. Current US waste management protocols for this widespread system of livestock production fail to protect freshwater and estuarine ecosystems along the US Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf coasts, and expansion into industrializing nations will likely bring severe pollution with it. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11270-015-2669-y |
| format | Article |
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Chemical and biological stream water quality of a swine and poultry CAFO-rich watershed was investigated on 10 dates during 2013. Geometric mean fecal coliform counts were in the thousands at five of seven sites, especially in locations near swine waste sprayfields. Nitrate concentrations were very high and widespread throughout the watershed, with some individual samples yielding >10 mg-N/L. Ammonium concentrations were likewise high, but greatest near swine waste sprayfields, ranging up to 38 mg-N/L. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations exceeded 10 mg/L in 11 of 70 stream samples, reaching as high as 88 mg/L. BOD5 concentrations were significantly correlated with components of animal waste including total organic carbon, ammonium, and phosphorus, as well as the nutrient response variable chlorophyll a. The degree of nutrient and fecal contamination did not significantly differ between rainy and dry periods, indicating that surface and groundwater pollution occurs independently of stormwater runoff. This research shows that industrial-scale swine and poultry production leads to chronic pollution that is both a human health and ecosystem hazard. There are approximately 450,000 CAFOs currently operating in the USA, with the majority located in watersheds feeding major riverine and estuarine systems with known water quality problems. Current US waste management protocols for this widespread system of livestock production fail to protect freshwater and estuarine ecosystems along the US Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf coasts, and expansion into industrializing nations will likely bring severe pollution with it.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2669-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Aerial photography ; Agriculture ; Ammonium ; Animal wastes ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Biochemical oxygen demand ; Brackish ; carbon ; Cattle ; Chlorophyll ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; coasts ; coliform bacteria ; concentrated animal feeding operations ; Creeks & streams ; Earth and Environmental Science ; ecosystems ; Environment ; environmental health ; Environmental monitoring ; estuaries ; Estuarine ecology ; Estuarine ecosystems ; Factory farming ; Fecal coliforms ; Feces ; freshwater ; groundwater contamination ; Groundwater pollution ; Groundwater runoff ; Health hazards ; human health ; Hydrogeology ; Investigations ; Livestock ; Livestock production ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Organic carbon ; Organic phosphorus ; Phosphorus ; Pollution ; Poultry ; Poultry industry ; Poultry production ; Rivers ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Storm runoff ; Stormwater ; Stormwater management ; Stream pollution ; streams ; Swine ; Waste management ; Water quality ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Watersheds ; Waterways</subject><ispartof>Water, air, and soil pollution, 2015-12, Vol.226 (12), p.1-13, Article 407</ispartof><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-73a279cd1224522afbad2c446d6c7d7256d909533283dd4cf93cdd9ffcbd513e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-73a279cd1224522afbad2c446d6c7d7256d909533283dd4cf93cdd9ffcbd513e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-015-2669-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11270-015-2669-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908,41471,42540,51302</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mallin, Michael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McIver, Matthew R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robuck, Anna R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dickens, Amanda Kahn</creatorcontrib><title>Industrial Swine and Poultry Production Causes Chronic Nutrient and Fecal Microbial Stream Pollution</title><title>Water, air, and soil pollution</title><addtitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</addtitle><description>Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are the principal means of livestock production in the USA and Europe, and these industrial-scale facilities have a high potential to pollute nearby waterways. Chemical and biological stream water quality of a swine and poultry CAFO-rich watershed was investigated on 10 dates during 2013. Geometric mean fecal coliform counts were in the thousands at five of seven sites, especially in locations near swine waste sprayfields. Nitrate concentrations were very high and widespread throughout the watershed, with some individual samples yielding >10 mg-N/L. Ammonium concentrations were likewise high, but greatest near swine waste sprayfields, ranging up to 38 mg-N/L. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations exceeded 10 mg/L in 11 of 70 stream samples, reaching as high as 88 mg/L. BOD5 concentrations were significantly correlated with components of animal waste including total organic carbon, ammonium, and phosphorus, as well as the nutrient response variable chlorophyll a. The degree of nutrient and fecal contamination did not significantly differ between rainy and dry periods, indicating that surface and groundwater pollution occurs independently of stormwater runoff. This research shows that industrial-scale swine and poultry production leads to chronic pollution that is both a human health and ecosystem hazard. There are approximately 450,000 CAFOs currently operating in the USA, with the majority located in watersheds feeding major riverine and estuarine systems with known water quality problems. Current US waste management protocols for this widespread system of livestock production fail to protect freshwater and estuarine ecosystems along the US Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf coasts, and expansion into industrializing nations will likely bring severe pollution with it.</description><subject>Aerial photography</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Ammonium</subject><subject>Animal wastes</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Biochemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Brackish</subject><subject>carbon</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chlorophyll</subject><subject>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</subject><subject>coasts</subject><subject>coliform bacteria</subject><subject>concentrated animal feeding operations</subject><subject>Creeks & streams</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>ecosystems</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>environmental health</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>estuaries</subject><subject>Estuarine ecology</subject><subject>Estuarine ecosystems</subject><subject>Factory farming</subject><subject>Fecal coliforms</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>freshwater</subject><subject>groundwater contamination</subject><subject>Groundwater pollution</subject><subject>Groundwater runoff</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>human health</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Livestock production</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic phosphorus</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>Poultry industry</subject><subject>Poultry production</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Storm runoff</subject><subject>Stormwater</subject><subject>Stormwater management</subject><subject>Stream pollution</subject><subject>streams</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Waste management</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water 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Fecal Microbial Stream Pollution</atitle><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle><stitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</stitle><date>2015-12-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>226</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>13</epage><pages>1-13</pages><artnum>407</artnum><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><abstract>Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are the principal means of livestock production in the USA and Europe, and these industrial-scale facilities have a high potential to pollute nearby waterways. Chemical and biological stream water quality of a swine and poultry CAFO-rich watershed was investigated on 10 dates during 2013. Geometric mean fecal coliform counts were in the thousands at five of seven sites, especially in locations near swine waste sprayfields. Nitrate concentrations were very high and widespread throughout the watershed, with some individual samples yielding >10 mg-N/L. Ammonium concentrations were likewise high, but greatest near swine waste sprayfields, ranging up to 38 mg-N/L. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) concentrations exceeded 10 mg/L in 11 of 70 stream samples, reaching as high as 88 mg/L. BOD5 concentrations were significantly correlated with components of animal waste including total organic carbon, ammonium, and phosphorus, as well as the nutrient response variable chlorophyll a. The degree of nutrient and fecal contamination did not significantly differ between rainy and dry periods, indicating that surface and groundwater pollution occurs independently of stormwater runoff. This research shows that industrial-scale swine and poultry production leads to chronic pollution that is both a human health and ecosystem hazard. There are approximately 450,000 CAFOs currently operating in the USA, with the majority located in watersheds feeding major riverine and estuarine systems with known water quality problems. Current US waste management protocols for this widespread system of livestock production fail to protect freshwater and estuarine ecosystems along the US Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf coasts, and expansion into industrializing nations will likely bring severe pollution with it.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-015-2669-y</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Water, air, and soil pollution, 2015-12, Vol.226 (12), p.1-13, Article 407 |
| issn | 0049-6979 1573-2932 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Aerial photography Agriculture Ammonium Animal wastes Aquatic ecosystems Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biochemical oxygen demand Brackish carbon Cattle Chlorophyll Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts coasts coliform bacteria concentrated animal feeding operations Creeks & streams Earth and Environmental Science ecosystems Environment environmental health Environmental monitoring estuaries Estuarine ecology Estuarine ecosystems Factory farming Fecal coliforms Feces freshwater groundwater contamination Groundwater pollution Groundwater runoff Health hazards human health Hydrogeology Investigations Livestock Livestock production Nitrates Nitrogen Nutrients Organic carbon Organic phosphorus Phosphorus Pollution Poultry Poultry industry Poultry production Rivers Soil Science & Conservation Storm runoff Stormwater Stormwater management Stream pollution streams Swine Waste management Water quality Water Quality/Water Pollution Watersheds Waterways |
| title | Industrial Swine and Poultry Production Causes Chronic Nutrient and Fecal Microbial Stream Pollution |
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