Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis
We aimed to evaluate the effect of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the oogenesis, and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis, and so the development of the embryos obtained from Normal Females+Normal Males (i.e. “N(F)+N(M)”); Normal Females+RF-exposed Males (i.e. “N(F)+RF(M)”...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2016-07, Vol.129, p.137-144 |
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| creator | Boga, Ayper Emre, Mustafa Sertdemir, Yasar Uncu, İbrahim Binokay, Secil Demirhan, Osman |
| description | We aimed to evaluate the effect of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the oogenesis, and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis, and so the development of the embryos obtained from Normal Females+Normal Males (i.e. “N(F)+N(M)”); Normal Females+RF-exposed Males (i.e. “N(F)+RF(M)”); RF-exposed Female+Normal Male (i.e. “RF(F)+N(M)”); and RF-exposed Female+RF-exposed Male (i.e. “RF(F)+RF(M)”. Various, assessments were performed to determine potential teratogenic effects and mortality, body growth and behavior on first generation embryos. After exposing adults frogs of both sexes to 900MHz RF-EMR (at 1.0W/kg) for 8h a day over a 5-week period, the embryos' specific energy absorption rate (SAR) was calculated.
In our present study (control group; 2.2% abnormal, 0.0% dead); with the N(F)+RF(M) combination, the long-term exposure of adult males to GSM-like radiation at 900MHz (RF: 2W) for 5 week/8h/day resulted in normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 88.3%, 3.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.015 |
| format | Article |
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In our present study (control group; 2.2% abnormal, 0.0% dead); with the N(F)+RF(M) combination, the long-term exposure of adult males to GSM-like radiation at 900MHz (RF: 2W) for 5 week/8h/day resulted in normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 88.3%, 3.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p<0.001). In the RF(F)+N(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of adult females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 76.7%, 11.7%, and 11.7%, respectively (p<0.001). And in the RF(F)+RF(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of both adult males and females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 73.3%, 11.7%, and 15%, respectively (p<0.001).
With the exception RF(F)+RF(M) group (p<0.001), no significant changes were observed on body growth (lengths) in comparison to the control group. It was also observed that the offspring of female adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during oogenesis exhibited a more aggressive behavior compared to the control group. Cell phones radiation can thus lead to detrimental effects in humans' male and female reproductive cells.
•RF-EMR irradiation which can effected Xenopus adults and their embryos.•Adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during spermiogenesis and oogenesis period.•Development of their embryos were observed using FETAX procedure.•RF-EMR was could harmful to first generation of Xenopus.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0147-6513</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2414</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.015</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27017260</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Amphibian ; Animals ; Anura ; Female ; FETAX ; Male ; Oogenesis ; Oogenesis - drug effects ; Oogenesis - radiation effects ; Radio Waves - adverse effects ; RF-EMR ; Spermatogenesis - radiation effects ; Spermiogenesis ; Teratogenesis ; Xenopus laevis ; Xenopus laevis - physiology</subject><ispartof>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2016-07, Vol.129, p.137-144</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-eaf40653d0a3b5e131e913bf2f6246c152bd9c8cc2209349ec62a3b16bf6ea9f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-eaf40653d0a3b5e131e913bf2f6246c152bd9c8cc2209349ec62a3b16bf6ea9f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651316300756$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017260$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Boga, Ayper</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emre, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sertdemir, Yasar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uncu, İbrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binokay, Secil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demirhan, Osman</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis</title><title>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</title><addtitle>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</addtitle><description>We aimed to evaluate the effect of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the oogenesis, and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis, and so the development of the embryos obtained from Normal Females+Normal Males (i.e. “N(F)+N(M)”); Normal Females+RF-exposed Males (i.e. “N(F)+RF(M)”); RF-exposed Female+Normal Male (i.e. “RF(F)+N(M)”); and RF-exposed Female+RF-exposed Male (i.e. “RF(F)+RF(M)”. Various, assessments were performed to determine potential teratogenic effects and mortality, body growth and behavior on first generation embryos. After exposing adults frogs of both sexes to 900MHz RF-EMR (at 1.0W/kg) for 8h a day over a 5-week period, the embryos' specific energy absorption rate (SAR) was calculated.
In our present study (control group; 2.2% abnormal, 0.0% dead); with the N(F)+RF(M) combination, the long-term exposure of adult males to GSM-like radiation at 900MHz (RF: 2W) for 5 week/8h/day resulted in normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 88.3%, 3.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p<0.001). In the RF(F)+N(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of adult females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 76.7%, 11.7%, and 11.7%, respectively (p<0.001). And in the RF(F)+RF(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of both adult males and females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 73.3%, 11.7%, and 15%, respectively (p<0.001).
With the exception RF(F)+RF(M) group (p<0.001), no significant changes were observed on body growth (lengths) in comparison to the control group. It was also observed that the offspring of female adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during oogenesis exhibited a more aggressive behavior compared to the control group. Cell phones radiation can thus lead to detrimental effects in humans' male and female reproductive cells.
•RF-EMR irradiation which can effected Xenopus adults and their embryos.•Adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during spermiogenesis and oogenesis period.•Development of their embryos were observed using FETAX procedure.•RF-EMR was could harmful to first generation of Xenopus.</description><subject>Amphibian</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anura</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>FETAX</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Oogenesis</subject><subject>Oogenesis - drug effects</subject><subject>Oogenesis - radiation effects</subject><subject>Radio Waves - adverse effects</subject><subject>RF-EMR</subject><subject>Spermatogenesis - radiation effects</subject><subject>Spermiogenesis</subject><subject>Teratogenesis</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis - physiology</subject><issn>0147-6513</issn><issn>1090-2414</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMoOl7eQCRLN60nSZOxG0FkvIDiQgV3IU1PNGOnGZN2wLc3w6hLVyGH7z-Xj5BjBiUDps7mJdqA_ark-VeCKIHJLTJhUEPBK1ZtkwmwalooycQe2U9pDgACpNwle3wKbMoVTMj7zDm0Q6LB0Zunh6LzH0ijaX1wET9H7O0X9XFdMIMPPW3H6Ps3OrwjDeENe0w-UdO3NC0xLvxfKbd7xT4sx0Q7gyufDsmOM13Co5_3gLxcz56vbov7x5u7q8v7wopaDgUaV4GSogUjGolMMKyZaBx3ilfKMsmbtrbn1nIOtahqtIpnkqnGKTS1EwfkdNN3GUPePw164ZPFrjM9hjFpNq1zUObrM1ptUBtDShGdXka_MPFLM9Brx3quN4712rEGobPjHDv5mTA2C2z_Qr9SM3CxATDfufIYdbI-m8TWx-xat8H_P-Eb_fuQyA</recordid><startdate>201607</startdate><enddate>201607</enddate><creator>Boga, Ayper</creator><creator>Emre, Mustafa</creator><creator>Sertdemir, Yasar</creator><creator>Uncu, İbrahim</creator><creator>Binokay, Secil</creator><creator>Demirhan, Osman</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201607</creationdate><title>Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis</title><author>Boga, Ayper ; Emre, Mustafa ; Sertdemir, Yasar ; Uncu, İbrahim ; Binokay, Secil ; Demirhan, Osman</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c395t-eaf40653d0a3b5e131e913bf2f6246c152bd9c8cc2209349ec62a3b16bf6ea9f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Amphibian</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anura</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>FETAX</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Oogenesis</topic><topic>Oogenesis - drug effects</topic><topic>Oogenesis - radiation effects</topic><topic>Radio Waves - adverse effects</topic><topic>RF-EMR</topic><topic>Spermatogenesis - radiation effects</topic><topic>Spermiogenesis</topic><topic>Teratogenesis</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Boga, Ayper</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emre, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sertdemir, Yasar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uncu, İbrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Binokay, Secil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demirhan, Osman</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Boga, Ayper</au><au>Emre, Mustafa</au><au>Sertdemir, Yasar</au><au>Uncu, İbrahim</au><au>Binokay, Secil</au><au>Demirhan, Osman</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis</atitle><jtitle>Ecotoxicology and environmental safety</jtitle><addtitle>Ecotoxicol Environ Saf</addtitle><date>2016-07</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>129</volume><spage>137</spage><epage>144</epage><pages>137-144</pages><issn>0147-6513</issn><eissn>1090-2414</eissn><abstract>We aimed to evaluate the effect of GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the oogenesis, and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis, and so the development of the embryos obtained from Normal Females+Normal Males (i.e. “N(F)+N(M)”); Normal Females+RF-exposed Males (i.e. “N(F)+RF(M)”); RF-exposed Female+Normal Male (i.e. “RF(F)+N(M)”); and RF-exposed Female+RF-exposed Male (i.e. “RF(F)+RF(M)”. Various, assessments were performed to determine potential teratogenic effects and mortality, body growth and behavior on first generation embryos. After exposing adults frogs of both sexes to 900MHz RF-EMR (at 1.0W/kg) for 8h a day over a 5-week period, the embryos' specific energy absorption rate (SAR) was calculated.
In our present study (control group; 2.2% abnormal, 0.0% dead); with the N(F)+RF(M) combination, the long-term exposure of adult males to GSM-like radiation at 900MHz (RF: 2W) for 5 week/8h/day resulted in normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 88.3%, 3.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p<0.001). In the RF(F)+N(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of adult females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 76.7%, 11.7%, and 11.7%, respectively (p<0.001). And in the RF(F)+RF(M) combination, long-term exposure (5 week/8h/day) of both adult males and females led to normal, abnormal and dead embryo ratios of 73.3%, 11.7%, and 15%, respectively (p<0.001).
With the exception RF(F)+RF(M) group (p<0.001), no significant changes were observed on body growth (lengths) in comparison to the control group. It was also observed that the offspring of female adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during oogenesis exhibited a more aggressive behavior compared to the control group. Cell phones radiation can thus lead to detrimental effects in humans' male and female reproductive cells.
•RF-EMR irradiation which can effected Xenopus adults and their embryos.•Adult Xenopus exposed to RF-EMR during spermiogenesis and oogenesis period.•Development of their embryos were observed using FETAX procedure.•RF-EMR was could harmful to first generation of Xenopus.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>27017260</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.015</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amphibian Animals Anura Female FETAX Male Oogenesis Oogenesis - drug effects Oogenesis - radiation effects Radio Waves - adverse effects RF-EMR Spermatogenesis - radiation effects Spermiogenesis Teratogenesis Xenopus laevis Xenopus laevis - physiology |
| title | Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis |
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