Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg‐positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of medical virology 2001-07, Vol.64 (3), p.305-311
Hauptverfasser: Swenson, Paul D., Van Geyt, Caroline, Alexander, E. Russell, Hagan, Holly, Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M., Wilson, Shari, Norder, Heléne, Magnius, Lars O., Stuyver, Lieven
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 311
container_issue 3
container_start_page 305
container_title Journal of medical virology
container_volume 64
creator Swenson, Paul D.
Van Geyt, Caroline
Alexander, E. Russell
Hagan, Holly
Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M.
Wilson, Shari
Norder, Heléne
Magnius, Lars O.
Stuyver, Lieven
description Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg‐positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the HBV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by detection of amplified HBV DNA by a reverse‐phase hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) using genotype‐specific probes. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 155 (79%) of the 196 sera and all 155 were genotyped by LiPA. Samples from Southeast Asia were predominantly genotype B/subtype ayw1 and genotype C/adr; samples from the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe were mostly genotype D/ayw2 and genotype D/ayw3; samples from east Africa were mainly genotype A/adw2 and genotype D/ayw2; and samples from injection drug users were mostly genotype D/ayw3 and genotype A/adw2. Some strains of ayw3 gave atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns in the subtyping assay due to a Val/Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 118 and a Thr instead of a Met at residue 125. A strain of ayw2 also gave an atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern due to an Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 123. LiPA genotyping and monoclonal EIA subtyping can provide useful information for epidemiological studies. J. Med. Virol. 64:305–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jmv.1051
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17881391</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>17881391</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4161-87ba12b04a3787c6f6e0d407f76ff4a9afa1721ab397f81be18223238c52bb463</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10MFu1DAQBmALgehSkHgC5AuIS4rH8drJcVuVbqttQYICN8tJJouXxFlsp7AvwTPX7Ub01JOt8acZz0_Ia2BHwBj_sOlv0mUOT8gMWCmzkil4SmYMhMykhPkBeRHChjFWlJw_JwcAgguAckb-LXFroo020GN6Y_0Y6BrdEHdbDNS4hi6Pw2JNw1jtS9ZRj-24xunZug3W0Q6ONn5c0zGgv0fxJ9JrZyM29Es0MekGI_reulSpdnRlPy_uG_SDG-pucKajp-eLl-RZa7qAr6bzkFx_PP16ssxWn87OTxarrBYgIStUZYBXTJhcFaqWrUTWCKZaJdtWmNK0BhQHU-WlaguoEArOc54X9ZxXlZD5IXm377v1w-8RQ9S9DTV2nXE4jEGDKgrIS0jw_R7Wfgghra633vbG7zQwfZe9Ttnru-wTfTP1HKsemwc4hZ3A2wmYUJuu9cbVNjy4tJpIf0wu27s_tsPdowP1xeW3afDkbYj49783_peWKldz_f3qTLNlcaHgkusf-S1a-anK</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>17881391</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Swenson, Paul D. ; Van Geyt, Caroline ; Alexander, E. Russell ; Hagan, Holly ; Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M. ; Wilson, Shari ; Norder, Heléne ; Magnius, Lars O. ; Stuyver, Lieven</creator><creatorcontrib>Swenson, Paul D. ; Van Geyt, Caroline ; Alexander, E. Russell ; Hagan, Holly ; Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M. ; Wilson, Shari ; Norder, Heléne ; Magnius, Lars O. ; Stuyver, Lieven</creatorcontrib><description>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg‐positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the HBV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by detection of amplified HBV DNA by a reverse‐phase hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) using genotype‐specific probes. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 155 (79%) of the 196 sera and all 155 were genotyped by LiPA. Samples from Southeast Asia were predominantly genotype B/subtype ayw1 and genotype C/adr; samples from the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe were mostly genotype D/ayw2 and genotype D/ayw3; samples from east Africa were mainly genotype A/adw2 and genotype D/ayw2; and samples from injection drug users were mostly genotype D/ayw3 and genotype A/adw2. Some strains of ayw3 gave atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns in the subtyping assay due to a Val/Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 118 and a Thr instead of a Met at residue 125. A strain of ayw2 also gave an atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern due to an Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 123. LiPA genotyping and monoclonal EIA subtyping can provide useful information for epidemiological studies. J. Med. Virol. 64:305–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0146-6615</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-9071</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1051</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11424119</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMVIDB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Africa, Eastern - epidemiology ; Africa, Eastern - ethnology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal - classification ; Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology ; Asia, Southeastern - epidemiology ; Asia, Southeastern - ethnology ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Consensus Sequence ; Europe, Eastern - epidemiology ; Europe, Eastern - ethnology ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genotype ; genotypes ; Haiti - epidemiology ; Haiti - ethnology ; Hepatitis B - epidemiology ; Hepatitis B - virology ; Hepatitis B e Antigens - analysis ; hepatitis B surface antigen ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - classification ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B virus - classification ; Hepatitis B virus - genetics ; Hepatitis B virus - immunology ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; line probe assay ; Microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Middle East - epidemiology ; Middle East - ethnology ; monoclonal antibody ; Northwestern United States ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Refugees ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - virology ; subtypes ; United States ; USSR - epidemiology ; USSR - ethnology</subject><ispartof>Journal of medical virology, 2001-07, Vol.64 (3), p.305-311</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4161-87ba12b04a3787c6f6e0d407f76ff4a9afa1721ab397f81be18223238c52bb463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4161-87ba12b04a3787c6f6e0d407f76ff4a9afa1721ab397f81be18223238c52bb463</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjmv.1051$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjmv.1051$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27922,27923,45572,45573</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=14164238$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11424119$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Swenson, Paul D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Geyt, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, E. Russell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagan, Holly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Shari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norder, Heléne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magnius, Lars O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuyver, Lieven</creatorcontrib><title>Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA</title><title>Journal of medical virology</title><addtitle>J. Med. Virol</addtitle><description>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg‐positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the HBV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by detection of amplified HBV DNA by a reverse‐phase hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) using genotype‐specific probes. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 155 (79%) of the 196 sera and all 155 were genotyped by LiPA. Samples from Southeast Asia were predominantly genotype B/subtype ayw1 and genotype C/adr; samples from the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe were mostly genotype D/ayw2 and genotype D/ayw3; samples from east Africa were mainly genotype A/adw2 and genotype D/ayw2; and samples from injection drug users were mostly genotype D/ayw3 and genotype A/adw2. Some strains of ayw3 gave atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns in the subtyping assay due to a Val/Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 118 and a Thr instead of a Met at residue 125. A strain of ayw2 also gave an atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern due to an Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 123. LiPA genotyping and monoclonal EIA subtyping can provide useful information for epidemiological studies. J. Med. Virol. 64:305–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><subject>Africa, Eastern - epidemiology</subject><subject>Africa, Eastern - ethnology</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal - classification</subject><subject>Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology</subject><subject>Asia, Southeastern - epidemiology</subject><subject>Asia, Southeastern - ethnology</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Consensus Sequence</subject><subject>Europe, Eastern - epidemiology</subject><subject>Europe, Eastern - ethnology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>genotypes</subject><subject>Haiti - epidemiology</subject><subject>Haiti - ethnology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - virology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B e Antigens - analysis</subject><subject>hepatitis B surface antigen</subject><subject>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - blood</subject><subject>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - classification</subject><subject>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus - classification</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus - genetics</subject><subject>Hepatitis B virus - immunology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoenzyme Techniques</subject><subject>line probe assay</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Middle East - epidemiology</subject><subject>Middle East - ethnology</subject><subject>monoclonal antibody</subject><subject>Northwestern United States</subject><subject>Reagent Kits, Diagnostic</subject><subject>Refugees</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - virology</subject><subject>subtypes</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>USSR - epidemiology</subject><subject>USSR - ethnology</subject><issn>0146-6615</issn><issn>1096-9071</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp10MFu1DAQBmALgehSkHgC5AuIS4rH8drJcVuVbqttQYICN8tJJouXxFlsp7AvwTPX7Ub01JOt8acZz0_Ia2BHwBj_sOlv0mUOT8gMWCmzkil4SmYMhMykhPkBeRHChjFWlJw_JwcAgguAckb-LXFroo020GN6Y_0Y6BrdEHdbDNS4hi6Pw2JNw1jtS9ZRj-24xunZug3W0Q6ONn5c0zGgv0fxJ9JrZyM29Es0MekGI_reulSpdnRlPy_uG_SDG-pucKajp-eLl-RZa7qAr6bzkFx_PP16ssxWn87OTxarrBYgIStUZYBXTJhcFaqWrUTWCKZaJdtWmNK0BhQHU-WlaguoEArOc54X9ZxXlZD5IXm377v1w-8RQ9S9DTV2nXE4jEGDKgrIS0jw_R7Wfgghra633vbG7zQwfZe9Ttnru-wTfTP1HKsemwc4hZ3A2wmYUJuu9cbVNjy4tJpIf0wu27s_tsPdowP1xeW3afDkbYj49783_peWKldz_f3qTLNlcaHgkusf-S1a-anK</recordid><startdate>200107</startdate><enddate>200107</enddate><creator>Swenson, Paul D.</creator><creator>Van Geyt, Caroline</creator><creator>Alexander, E. Russell</creator><creator>Hagan, Holly</creator><creator>Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M.</creator><creator>Wilson, Shari</creator><creator>Norder, Heléne</creator><creator>Magnius, Lars O.</creator><creator>Stuyver, Lieven</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley-Liss</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200107</creationdate><title>Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA</title><author>Swenson, Paul D. ; Van Geyt, Caroline ; Alexander, E. Russell ; Hagan, Holly ; Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M. ; Wilson, Shari ; Norder, Heléne ; Magnius, Lars O. ; Stuyver, Lieven</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4161-87ba12b04a3787c6f6e0d407f76ff4a9afa1721ab397f81be18223238c52bb463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Africa, Eastern - epidemiology</topic><topic>Africa, Eastern - ethnology</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal - classification</topic><topic>Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology</topic><topic>Asia, Southeastern - epidemiology</topic><topic>Asia, Southeastern - ethnology</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Consensus Sequence</topic><topic>Europe, Eastern - epidemiology</topic><topic>Europe, Eastern - ethnology</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>genotypes</topic><topic>Haiti - epidemiology</topic><topic>Haiti - ethnology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - virology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B e Antigens - analysis</topic><topic>hepatitis B surface antigen</topic><topic>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis</topic><topic>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - blood</topic><topic>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - classification</topic><topic>Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus - classification</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus - genetics</topic><topic>Hepatitis B virus - immunology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoenzyme Techniques</topic><topic>line probe assay</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Middle East - epidemiology</topic><topic>Middle East - ethnology</topic><topic>monoclonal antibody</topic><topic>Northwestern United States</topic><topic>Reagent Kits, Diagnostic</topic><topic>Refugees</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - virology</topic><topic>subtypes</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>USSR - epidemiology</topic><topic>USSR - ethnology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Swenson, Paul D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Geyt, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, E. Russell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagan, Holly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Shari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norder, Heléne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magnius, Lars O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuyver, Lieven</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of medical virology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Swenson, Paul D.</au><au>Van Geyt, Caroline</au><au>Alexander, E. Russell</au><au>Hagan, Holly</au><au>Freitag-Koontz, Jayne M.</au><au>Wilson, Shari</au><au>Norder, Heléne</au><au>Magnius, Lars O.</au><au>Stuyver, Lieven</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medical virology</jtitle><addtitle>J. Med. Virol</addtitle><date>2001-07</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>64</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>305</spage><epage>311</epage><pages>305-311</pages><issn>0146-6615</issn><eissn>1096-9071</eissn><coden>JMVIDB</coden><abstract>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtyping were carried out on sera from 196 HBsAg‐positive patients, including 151 refugees entering the United States and 45 injection drug users in Seattle. HBsAg subtyping was performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the HBV genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by detection of amplified HBV DNA by a reverse‐phase hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) using genotype‐specific probes. HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 155 (79%) of the 196 sera and all 155 were genotyped by LiPA. Samples from Southeast Asia were predominantly genotype B/subtype ayw1 and genotype C/adr; samples from the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe were mostly genotype D/ayw2 and genotype D/ayw3; samples from east Africa were mainly genotype A/adw2 and genotype D/ayw2; and samples from injection drug users were mostly genotype D/ayw3 and genotype A/adw2. Some strains of ayw3 gave atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity patterns in the subtyping assay due to a Val/Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 118 and a Thr instead of a Met at residue 125. A strain of ayw2 also gave an atypical monoclonal antibody reactivity pattern due to an Ala instead of a Thr at amino acid residue 123. LiPA genotyping and monoclonal EIA subtyping can provide useful information for epidemiological studies. J. Med. Virol. 64:305–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>11424119</pmid><doi>10.1002/jmv.1051</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0146-6615
ispartof Journal of medical virology, 2001-07, Vol.64 (3), p.305-311
issn 0146-6615
1096-9071
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17881391
source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals
subjects Africa, Eastern - epidemiology
Africa, Eastern - ethnology
Amino Acid Sequence
Antibodies, Monoclonal - classification
Antibodies, Monoclonal - immunology
Asia, Southeastern - epidemiology
Asia, Southeastern - ethnology
Base Sequence
Biological and medical sciences
Consensus Sequence
Europe, Eastern - epidemiology
Europe, Eastern - ethnology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genotype
genotypes
Haiti - epidemiology
Haiti - ethnology
Hepatitis B - epidemiology
Hepatitis B - virology
Hepatitis B e Antigens - analysis
hepatitis B surface antigen
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - analysis
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - blood
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - classification
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus - classification
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - immunology
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
line probe assay
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Middle East - epidemiology
Middle East - ethnology
monoclonal antibody
Northwestern United States
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Refugees
Substance Abuse, Intravenous - virology
subtypes
United States
USSR - epidemiology
USSR - ethnology
title Hepatitis B virus genotypes and HBsAg subtypes in refugees and injection drug users in the United States determined by LiPA and monoclonal EIA
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-10T06%3A28%3A04IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hepatitis%20B%20virus%20genotypes%20and%20HBsAg%20subtypes%20in%20refugees%20and%20injection%20drug%20users%20in%20the%20United%20States%20determined%20by%20LiPA%20and%20monoclonal%20EIA&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20medical%20virology&rft.au=Swenson,%20Paul%20D.&rft.date=2001-07&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.epage=311&rft.pages=305-311&rft.issn=0146-6615&rft.eissn=1096-9071&rft.coden=JMVIDB&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/jmv.1051&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E17881391%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=17881391&rft_id=info:pmid/11424119&rfr_iscdi=true