Combined omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Previous studies in older adults suggested beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation, aerobic exercise, or cognitive stimulation on brain structure and function. However, combined effects of these interventions in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknow...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Fla.), 2016-05, Vol.131, p.226-238 |
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| creator | Köbe, Theresa Witte, A.Veronica Schnelle, Ariane Lesemann, Anne Fabian, Sonja Tesky, Valentina A. Pantel, Johannes Flöel, Agnes |
| description | Previous studies in older adults suggested beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation, aerobic exercise, or cognitive stimulation on brain structure and function. However, combined effects of these interventions in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknown. Using a randomized interventional design, we evaluated the effect of combined omega-3 FA supplementation, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation (target intervention) versus omega-3 FA supplementation and non-aerobic exercise (control intervention) on cognitive function and gray matter volume in patients with MCI. Moreover, we analyzed potential vascular, metabolic or inflammatory mechanisms underlying these effects. Twenty-two MCI patients (8 females; 60–80years) successfully completed six months of omega-3 FA intake, aerobic cycling training and cognitive stimulation (n=13) or omega-3 FA intake and non-aerobic stretching and toning (n=9). Before and after the interventions, cognitive performance, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at 3T (n=20), intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery and serum markers of glucose control, lipid and B-vitamin metabolism, and inflammation were assessed. Intervention-related changes in gray matter volume of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain regions, i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal and cingulate cortex were examined using voxel-based morphometry of high resolution T1-weighted images.
After the intervention period, significant differences emerged in brain structure between groups: Gray matter volume decreased in the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex of patients in the control intervention, while gray matter volume in these areas was preserved or even increased after the target intervention. Decreases in homocysteine levels in the target intervention group were associated with increases in gray matter volume in the middle frontal cortex (p=0.010). No significant differences in cognitive performance or other vascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were observed between groups. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that omega-3 FA intake combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents atrophy in AD-related brain regions in MCI patients, compared to omega-3 FA intake plus the control condition of stretching and toning. These promising findings should now be validated in a larger interventional trial.
•Combination of omega-3 fatty acids, exercise and cognitive stimu |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.050 |
| format | Article |
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After the intervention period, significant differences emerged in brain structure between groups: Gray matter volume decreased in the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex of patients in the control intervention, while gray matter volume in these areas was preserved or even increased after the target intervention. Decreases in homocysteine levels in the target intervention group were associated with increases in gray matter volume in the middle frontal cortex (p=0.010). No significant differences in cognitive performance or other vascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were observed between groups. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that omega-3 FA intake combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents atrophy in AD-related brain regions in MCI patients, compared to omega-3 FA intake plus the control condition of stretching and toning. These promising findings should now be validated in a larger interventional trial.
•Combination of omega-3 fatty acids, exercise and cognitive stimulation in MCI patients•Combined intervention vs omega-3 FA alone reduced atrophy in AD-related brain areas•Omega-3 FA alone did not prevent the estimated atrophy in the course of MCI•Decrease in homocysteine correlated with increase in regional gray matter volume</description><identifier>ISSN: 1053-8119</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9572</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.050</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26433119</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer's disease ; Blood pressure ; Brain ; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ; Cerebral Cortex - drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex - pathology ; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology ; Cognition ; Cognitive ability ; Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy ; Cognitive Therapy - methods ; Combined intervention ; Combined Modality Therapy - methods ; Diet Therapy - methods ; Dietary Supplements ; Exercise ; Exercise Therapy - methods ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage ; Female ; Gene expression ; Glucose ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Intervention ; Lifestyles ; Male ; MCI ; Memory ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Older people ; Organ Size ; Physical fitness ; randomized controlled trial ; Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Voxel-based morphometry</subject><ispartof>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.), 2016-05, Vol.131, p.226-238</ispartof><rights>2015 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited May 1, 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-bfa47050868efac14fb2cba620d61032c5b03edd8e340d1ac936673e919abd613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-bfa47050868efac14fb2cba620d61032c5b03edd8e340d1ac936673e919abd613</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5438-6899</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1785516173?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72469</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26433119$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Köbe, Theresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witte, A.Veronica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schnelle, Ariane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lesemann, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabian, Sonja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tesky, Valentina A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pantel, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flöel, Agnes</creatorcontrib><title>Combined omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment</title><title>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)</title><addtitle>Neuroimage</addtitle><description>Previous studies in older adults suggested beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation, aerobic exercise, or cognitive stimulation on brain structure and function. However, combined effects of these interventions in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknown. Using a randomized interventional design, we evaluated the effect of combined omega-3 FA supplementation, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation (target intervention) versus omega-3 FA supplementation and non-aerobic exercise (control intervention) on cognitive function and gray matter volume in patients with MCI. Moreover, we analyzed potential vascular, metabolic or inflammatory mechanisms underlying these effects. Twenty-two MCI patients (8 females; 60–80years) successfully completed six months of omega-3 FA intake, aerobic cycling training and cognitive stimulation (n=13) or omega-3 FA intake and non-aerobic stretching and toning (n=9). Before and after the interventions, cognitive performance, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at 3T (n=20), intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery and serum markers of glucose control, lipid and B-vitamin metabolism, and inflammation were assessed. Intervention-related changes in gray matter volume of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain regions, i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal and cingulate cortex were examined using voxel-based morphometry of high resolution T1-weighted images.
After the intervention period, significant differences emerged in brain structure between groups: Gray matter volume decreased in the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex of patients in the control intervention, while gray matter volume in these areas was preserved or even increased after the target intervention. Decreases in homocysteine levels in the target intervention group were associated with increases in gray matter volume in the middle frontal cortex (p=0.010). No significant differences in cognitive performance or other vascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were observed between groups. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that omega-3 FA intake combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents atrophy in AD-related brain regions in MCI patients, compared to omega-3 FA intake plus the control condition of stretching and toning. These promising findings should now be validated in a larger interventional trial.
•Combination of omega-3 fatty acids, exercise and cognitive stimulation in MCI patients•Combined intervention vs omega-3 FA alone reduced atrophy in AD-related brain areas•Omega-3 FA alone did not prevent the estimated atrophy in the course of MCI•Decrease in homocysteine correlated with increase in regional gray matter volume</description><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - drug effects</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cognition</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology</subject><subject>Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy</subject><subject>Cognitive Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Combined intervention</subject><subject>Combined Modality Therapy - 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Academic</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Köbe, Theresa</au><au>Witte, A.Veronica</au><au>Schnelle, Ariane</au><au>Lesemann, Anne</au><au>Fabian, Sonja</au><au>Tesky, Valentina A.</au><au>Pantel, Johannes</au><au>Flöel, Agnes</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Combined omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment</atitle><jtitle>NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.)</jtitle><addtitle>Neuroimage</addtitle><date>2016-05-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>131</volume><spage>226</spage><epage>238</epage><pages>226-238</pages><issn>1053-8119</issn><eissn>1095-9572</eissn><abstract>Previous studies in older adults suggested beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation, aerobic exercise, or cognitive stimulation on brain structure and function. However, combined effects of these interventions in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknown. Using a randomized interventional design, we evaluated the effect of combined omega-3 FA supplementation, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation (target intervention) versus omega-3 FA supplementation and non-aerobic exercise (control intervention) on cognitive function and gray matter volume in patients with MCI. Moreover, we analyzed potential vascular, metabolic or inflammatory mechanisms underlying these effects. Twenty-two MCI patients (8 females; 60–80years) successfully completed six months of omega-3 FA intake, aerobic cycling training and cognitive stimulation (n=13) or omega-3 FA intake and non-aerobic stretching and toning (n=9). Before and after the interventions, cognitive performance, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at 3T (n=20), intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery and serum markers of glucose control, lipid and B-vitamin metabolism, and inflammation were assessed. Intervention-related changes in gray matter volume of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain regions, i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal and cingulate cortex were examined using voxel-based morphometry of high resolution T1-weighted images.
After the intervention period, significant differences emerged in brain structure between groups: Gray matter volume decreased in the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex of patients in the control intervention, while gray matter volume in these areas was preserved or even increased after the target intervention. Decreases in homocysteine levels in the target intervention group were associated with increases in gray matter volume in the middle frontal cortex (p=0.010). No significant differences in cognitive performance or other vascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were observed between groups. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that omega-3 FA intake combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents atrophy in AD-related brain regions in MCI patients, compared to omega-3 FA intake plus the control condition of stretching and toning. These promising findings should now be validated in a larger interventional trial.
•Combination of omega-3 fatty acids, exercise and cognitive stimulation in MCI patients•Combined intervention vs omega-3 FA alone reduced atrophy in AD-related brain areas•Omega-3 FA alone did not prevent the estimated atrophy in the course of MCI•Decrease in homocysteine correlated with increase in regional gray matter volume</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>26433119</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.050</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-6899</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Administration, Oral Aged Aged, 80 and over Alzheimer's disease Blood pressure Brain Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Cerebral Cortex - drug effects Cerebral Cortex - pathology Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology Cognition Cognitive ability Cognitive Dysfunction - pathology Cognitive Dysfunction - physiopathology Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy Cognitive Therapy - methods Combined intervention Combined Modality Therapy - methods Diet Therapy - methods Dietary Supplements Exercise Exercise Therapy - methods Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage Female Gene expression Glucose Homocysteine Humans Hypotheses Intervention Lifestyles Male MCI Memory Metabolism Middle Aged Older people Organ Size Physical fitness randomized controlled trial Studies Treatment Outcome Voxel-based morphometry |
| title | Combined omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment |
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