Electroflocculation of Metals during Estuarine Mixing (Caspian Sea)
Shamkhali Chenar, S.; Karbassi, A.; Hajizadeh Zaker, N., and Ghazban, F., 2013. Electroflocculation of metals during estuarine mixing (Caspian Sea). Estuaries as a geochemical reactor can change the chemical forms of trace metals during the mixing of fresh and salt water. The flocculation process ha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of coastal research 2013-07, Vol.29 (4), p.847-854 |
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| creator | Chenar, Shima Shamkhali Karbassi, Abdulreza Zaker, Nasser Hadjizadeh Ghazban, Fereydoun |
| description | Shamkhali Chenar, S.; Karbassi, A.; Hajizadeh Zaker, N., and Ghazban, F., 2013. Electroflocculation of metals during estuarine mixing (Caspian Sea). Estuaries as a geochemical reactor can change the chemical forms of trace metals during the mixing of fresh and salt water. The flocculation process has an important role in self purification of heavy metals during estuarine mixing. In the present study, flocculation of metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, and Pb) during mixing of Shefaroud River water with Caspian Sea water has been investigated. Except for Cr and Co, the flocculation of other studied metals in the Shefaroud River is controlled by redox potential, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Rapid flocculation occurs in the earlier stages of mixing (salinity of 0.4 to 1.2‰). The final flocculation rates of the studied metals are in the following order: Co (92.6%) > Ni (73.4%) > Cr = Pb (66.6%) > Cd (62.2%). In addition, electroflocculation (EF) is investigated under different voltage conditions. The results reveal that EF increases flocculation rates of Ni and Pb, and decreases removal of Cr and Co. The maximum reduction of studied metals is found in lower salinity (>1.2‰). Even though increasing voltage is expected to exhibit a positive effect on reduction of metals, increasing electrical potential puts the Co, Ni, and Cr removal into reverse. This study reveals that salinity and electrical conductivity have a reverse effect on removal of studied metals during flocculation and EF processes. The general patterns of flocculation of metals during EF processes are in the following order: at electrical potential of 6 V: Ni (95.5%) > Pb (94.4%) > Cd (62%) > Co (57.7%) > Cr (22.2%); at electrical potential of 12 V: Pb (94.4%) > Ni (92.8%) > Cd (64.4%) > Co (35.5%) > Cr (0%). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00224.1 |
| format | Article |
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Electroflocculation of metals during estuarine mixing (Caspian Sea). Estuaries as a geochemical reactor can change the chemical forms of trace metals during the mixing of fresh and salt water. The flocculation process has an important role in self purification of heavy metals during estuarine mixing. In the present study, flocculation of metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, and Pb) during mixing of Shefaroud River water with Caspian Sea water has been investigated. Except for Cr and Co, the flocculation of other studied metals in the Shefaroud River is controlled by redox potential, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Rapid flocculation occurs in the earlier stages of mixing (salinity of 0.4 to 1.2‰). The final flocculation rates of the studied metals are in the following order: Co (92.6%) > Ni (73.4%) > Cr = Pb (66.6%) > Cd (62.2%). In addition, electroflocculation (EF) is investigated under different voltage conditions. The results reveal that EF increases flocculation rates of Ni and Pb, and decreases removal of Cr and Co. The maximum reduction of studied metals is found in lower salinity (>1.2‰). Even though increasing voltage is expected to exhibit a positive effect on reduction of metals, increasing electrical potential puts the Co, Ni, and Cr removal into reverse. This study reveals that salinity and electrical conductivity have a reverse effect on removal of studied metals during flocculation and EF processes. The general patterns of flocculation of metals during EF processes are in the following order: at electrical potential of 6 V: Ni (95.5%) > Pb (94.4%) > Cd (62%) > Co (57.7%) > Cr (22.2%); at electrical potential of 12 V: Pb (94.4%) > Ni (92.8%) > Cd (64.4%) > Co (35.5%) > Cr (0%).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0749-0208</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-5036</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00224.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405: The Coastal Education and Research Foundation</publisher><subject>Algae ; Aluminum ; Brackish ; Cadmium ; Caspian Sea ; Cluster analysis ; Coastal ; Dissolved oxygen ; Electric potential ; Electrical potential ; Electrocoagulation ; Electrodes ; Estuaries ; estuary ; Experiments ; Flocculation ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Membrane filters ; Metals ; Pore size ; Redox potential ; RESEARCH PAPERS ; River water ; Rivers ; Saline water ; Salinity ; Sea water ; Seawater ; Studies ; Trace metals ; Water pollution</subject><ispartof>Journal of coastal research, 2013-07, Vol.29 (4), p.847-854</ispartof><rights>Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2013</rights><rights>2013 The Coastal Education & Research Foundation [CERF]</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Publishing Services Jul 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b416t-42fa22fc721589eaaf064df2c3fae5c6687e6400955d8ad6618e7ee7b7b16c963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b416t-42fa22fc721589eaaf064df2c3fae5c6687e6400955d8ad6618e7ee7b7b16c963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23486555$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23486555$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27922,27923,58015,58248</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chenar, Shima Shamkhali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karbassi, Abdulreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaker, Nasser Hadjizadeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghazban, Fereydoun</creatorcontrib><title>Electroflocculation of Metals during Estuarine Mixing (Caspian Sea)</title><title>Journal of coastal research</title><description>Shamkhali Chenar, S.; Karbassi, A.; Hajizadeh Zaker, N., and Ghazban, F., 2013. Electroflocculation of metals during estuarine mixing (Caspian Sea). Estuaries as a geochemical reactor can change the chemical forms of trace metals during the mixing of fresh and salt water. The flocculation process has an important role in self purification of heavy metals during estuarine mixing. In the present study, flocculation of metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, and Pb) during mixing of Shefaroud River water with Caspian Sea water has been investigated. Except for Cr and Co, the flocculation of other studied metals in the Shefaroud River is controlled by redox potential, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Rapid flocculation occurs in the earlier stages of mixing (salinity of 0.4 to 1.2‰). The final flocculation rates of the studied metals are in the following order: Co (92.6%) > Ni (73.4%) > Cr = Pb (66.6%) > Cd (62.2%). In addition, electroflocculation (EF) is investigated under different voltage conditions. The results reveal that EF increases flocculation rates of Ni and Pb, and decreases removal of Cr and Co. The maximum reduction of studied metals is found in lower salinity (>1.2‰). Even though increasing voltage is expected to exhibit a positive effect on reduction of metals, increasing electrical potential puts the Co, Ni, and Cr removal into reverse. This study reveals that salinity and electrical conductivity have a reverse effect on removal of studied metals during flocculation and EF processes. The general patterns of flocculation of metals during EF processes are in the following order: at electrical potential of 6 V: Ni (95.5%) > Pb (94.4%) > Cd (62%) > Co (57.7%) > Cr (22.2%); at electrical potential of 12 V: Pb (94.4%) > Ni (92.8%) > Cd (64.4%) > Co (35.5%) > Cr (0%).</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Brackish</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Caspian Sea</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Coastal</subject><subject>Dissolved oxygen</subject><subject>Electric potential</subject><subject>Electrical potential</subject><subject>Electrocoagulation</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>estuary</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Flocculation</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Membrane filters</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Pore size</subject><subject>Redox potential</subject><subject>RESEARCH PAPERS</subject><subject>River water</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Saline water</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sea water</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Trace metals</subject><subject>Water 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research</jtitle><date>2013-07-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>847</spage><epage>854</epage><pages>847-854</pages><issn>0749-0208</issn><eissn>1551-5036</eissn><abstract>Shamkhali Chenar, S.; Karbassi, A.; Hajizadeh Zaker, N., and Ghazban, F., 2013. Electroflocculation of metals during estuarine mixing (Caspian Sea). Estuaries as a geochemical reactor can change the chemical forms of trace metals during the mixing of fresh and salt water. The flocculation process has an important role in self purification of heavy metals during estuarine mixing. In the present study, flocculation of metals (Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, and Pb) during mixing of Shefaroud River water with Caspian Sea water has been investigated. Except for Cr and Co, the flocculation of other studied metals in the Shefaroud River is controlled by redox potential, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Rapid flocculation occurs in the earlier stages of mixing (salinity of 0.4 to 1.2‰). The final flocculation rates of the studied metals are in the following order: Co (92.6%) > Ni (73.4%) > Cr = Pb (66.6%) > Cd (62.2%). In addition, electroflocculation (EF) is investigated under different voltage conditions. The results reveal that EF increases flocculation rates of Ni and Pb, and decreases removal of Cr and Co. The maximum reduction of studied metals is found in lower salinity (>1.2‰). Even though increasing voltage is expected to exhibit a positive effect on reduction of metals, increasing electrical potential puts the Co, Ni, and Cr removal into reverse. This study reveals that salinity and electrical conductivity have a reverse effect on removal of studied metals during flocculation and EF processes. The general patterns of flocculation of metals during EF processes are in the following order: at electrical potential of 6 V: Ni (95.5%) > Pb (94.4%) > Cd (62%) > Co (57.7%) > Cr (22.2%); at electrical potential of 12 V: Pb (94.4%) > Ni (92.8%) > Cd (64.4%) > Co (35.5%) > Cr (0%).</abstract><cop>Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405</cop><pub>The Coastal Education and Research Foundation</pub><doi>10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00224.1</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Algae Aluminum Brackish Cadmium Caspian Sea Cluster analysis Coastal Dissolved oxygen Electric potential Electrical potential Electrocoagulation Electrodes Estuaries estuary Experiments Flocculation Heavy metals Lead Membrane filters Metals Pore size Redox potential RESEARCH PAPERS River water Rivers Saline water Salinity Sea water Seawater Studies Trace metals Water pollution |
| title | Electroflocculation of Metals during Estuarine Mixing (Caspian Sea) |
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