effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs, cell‐mediated immune response, heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens
The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Animal science journal 2016-02, Vol.87 (2), p.284-292 |
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| creator | Matur, Erdal Akyazi, İbrahim Eraslan, Evren Ergul Ekiz, Elif Eseceli, Hüseyin Keten, Mehmet Metiner, Kemal Aktaran Bala, Deniz |
| description | The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/asj.12411 |
| format | Article |
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A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1344-3941</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1740-0929</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/asj.12411</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26419323</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Australia: Japanese Society of Zootechnical Science, Jan. 1999-<Apr. 2003></publisher><subject>Animal care ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Heterophile - immunology ; antibody formation ; Birds ; Bursa of Fabricius ; Cages ; CD4 antigen ; CD8 antigen ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; cell-mediated immunity ; Chickens ; Chickens - immunology ; Confined Spaces ; Enrichment ; Environment ; Environmental effects ; environmental enrichment ; Female ; heterophil functions ; heterophils ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Immune System - immunology ; Immunity, Cellular - immunology ; laying hens ; leukocyte count ; Leukocytes ; liver ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue - immunology ; Monocytes ; neutralization ; Organ Size - immunology ; Organs ; Poultry ; rearing ; Spleen ; Stress, Physiological - immunology ; T cell ; Transport ; transport stress ; Transportation</subject><ispartof>Animal science journal, 2016-02, Vol.87 (2), p.284-292</ispartof><rights>2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science</rights><rights>2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science.</rights><rights>2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Feb 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5701-b181785b603992171e098587514ec29c1e5b5405ef271e73d593dc6ad1526a2f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5701-b181785b603992171e098587514ec29c1e5b5405ef271e73d593dc6ad1526a2f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fasj.12411$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fasj.12411$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26419323$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Matur, Erdal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akyazi, İbrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eraslan, Evren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ergul Ekiz, Elif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eseceli, Hüseyin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keten, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metiner, Kemal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aktaran Bala, Deniz</creatorcontrib><title>effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs, cell‐mediated immune response, heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens</title><title>Animal science journal</title><addtitle>Anim Sci J</addtitle><description>The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress.</description><subject>Animal care</subject><subject>Animal Welfare</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Heterophile - immunology</subject><subject>antibody formation</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Bursa of Fabricius</subject><subject>Cages</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>cell-mediated immunity</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Chickens - immunology</subject><subject>Confined Spaces</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental effects</subject><subject>environmental enrichment</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>heterophil functions</subject><subject>heterophils</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immune System - immunology</subject><subject>Immunity, Cellular - immunology</subject><subject>laying hens</subject><subject>leukocyte count</subject><subject>Leukocytes</subject><subject>liver</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphoid Tissue - immunology</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>neutralization</subject><subject>Organ Size - immunology</subject><subject>Organs</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>rearing</subject><subject>Spleen</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - immunology</subject><subject>T cell</subject><subject>Transport</subject><subject>transport stress</subject><subject>Transportation</subject><issn>1344-3941</issn><issn>1740-0929</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhSMEoqWw4AXAEhuQmta_SbysKihUFQhKNRIby5PcTFwSO9gOZXY8Ao_D8_AkeCZtF0ggvLGv_Z1jX_lk2WOCD0gahzpcHhDKCbmT7ZKS4xxLKu-mNeM8Z5KTnexBCJcYk1JicT_boQUnklG2m_2EtoU6BuRaBPar8c4OYKPuU-VN3W0KpG2Dotc2jM5HFKKHkAQWxQ7QFZhVN-v79TB2zjTI-VWC91ENff_r-48BGqMjNMgMw2QBJfnobIB91EEE78bO9KidbB1N2t7epm00S9es0ehdM20PkLGo12tjV0lmw8PsXqv7AI-u573s4tXLj8ev87N3J2-Oj87yWpSY5EtSkbISywIzKSkpCWBZiaoUhENNZU1ALAXHAlqazkrWCMmautANEbTQtGV72fPZN73kywQhqsGETWPagpuC2rhTWlYV_g-0ILiUVPCEPvsDvXSTt6kRRRmmtBCSy39RyQtTziUmiXoxU7V3IXho1ejNoP1aEaw2-VApH2qbj8Q-uXaclulbbsmbQCTgcAauTA_rvzupo_PTG8t8VpgQ4dutQvvPqihZKdTi7Ymi7z8tMF98UKeJfzrzrXZKr7wJ6uKcYlKkeOKCScF-A5F630I</recordid><startdate>201602</startdate><enddate>201602</enddate><creator>Matur, Erdal</creator><creator>Akyazi, İbrahim</creator><creator>Eraslan, Evren</creator><creator>Ergul Ekiz, Elif</creator><creator>Eseceli, Hüseyin</creator><creator>Keten, Mehmet</creator><creator>Metiner, Kemal</creator><creator>Aktaran Bala, Deniz</creator><general>Japanese Society of Zootechnical Science, Jan. 1999-<Apr. 2003></general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201602</creationdate><title>effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs, cell‐mediated immune response, heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens</title><author>Matur, Erdal ; Akyazi, İbrahim ; Eraslan, Evren ; Ergul Ekiz, Elif ; Eseceli, Hüseyin ; Keten, Mehmet ; Metiner, Kemal ; Aktaran Bala, Deniz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5701-b181785b603992171e098587514ec29c1e5b5405ef271e73d593dc6ad1526a2f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animal care</topic><topic>Animal Welfare</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Heterophile - immunology</topic><topic>antibody formation</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Bursa of Fabricius</topic><topic>Cages</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>cell-mediated immunity</topic><topic>Chickens</topic><topic>Chickens - immunology</topic><topic>Confined Spaces</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental effects</topic><topic>environmental enrichment</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>heterophil functions</topic><topic>heterophils</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immune System - immunology</topic><topic>Immunity, Cellular - immunology</topic><topic>laying hens</topic><topic>leukocyte count</topic><topic>Leukocytes</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphoid Tissue - immunology</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>neutralization</topic><topic>Organ Size - immunology</topic><topic>Organs</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><topic>rearing</topic><topic>Spleen</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological - immunology</topic><topic>T cell</topic><topic>Transport</topic><topic>transport stress</topic><topic>Transportation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Matur, Erdal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akyazi, İbrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eraslan, Evren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ergul Ekiz, Elif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eseceli, Hüseyin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keten, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Metiner, Kemal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aktaran Bala, Deniz</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Animal science journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Matur, Erdal</au><au>Akyazi, İbrahim</au><au>Eraslan, Evren</au><au>Ergul Ekiz, Elif</au><au>Eseceli, Hüseyin</au><au>Keten, Mehmet</au><au>Metiner, Kemal</au><au>Aktaran Bala, Deniz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs, cell‐mediated immune response, heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens</atitle><jtitle>Animal science journal</jtitle><addtitle>Anim Sci J</addtitle><date>2016-02</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>87</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>284</spage><epage>292</epage><pages>284-292</pages><issn>1344-3941</issn><eissn>1740-0929</eissn><abstract>The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress.</abstract><cop>Australia</cop><pub>Japanese Society of Zootechnical Science, Jan. 1999-<Apr. 2003></pub><pmid>26419323</pmid><doi>10.1111/asj.12411</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal care Animal Welfare Animals Antibodies Antibodies, Heterophile - immunology antibody formation Birds Bursa of Fabricius Cages CD4 antigen CD8 antigen CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology cell-mediated immunity Chickens Chickens - immunology Confined Spaces Enrichment Environment Environmental effects environmental enrichment Female heterophil functions heterophils Immune response Immune system Immune System - immunology Immunity, Cellular - immunology laying hens leukocyte count Leukocytes liver Lymphocytes Lymphoid Tissue - immunology Monocytes neutralization Organ Size - immunology Organs Poultry rearing Spleen Stress, Physiological - immunology T cell Transport transport stress Transportation |
| title | effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs, cell‐mediated immune response, heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens |
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