Effects of Predation on Community Assembly and Spatial Dispersion of Breeding Forest Birds
In a landscape context, nesting avian predators cause variation in predation risk with respect to the distance to their nests, which may have both direct (predation) and indirect (predation risk) effects on the prey community. We studied the community assembly and spatial distribution of a breeding...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 2001-01, Vol.82 (1), p.232-244 |
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| creator | Forsman, Jukka T. Mönkkönen, Mikko Hukkanen, Markku |
| description | In a landscape context, nesting avian predators cause variation in predation risk with respect to the distance to their nests, which may have both direct (predation) and indirect (predation risk) effects on the prey community. We studied the community assembly and spatial distribution of a breeding forest bird community in a structurally complex forest landscape surrounding forest-hunting Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) nests. Birds were censused on transect arrays within 1-ha study plots divided into four subplots. We determined whether the distribution of species within study plots was clumped, random, or uniform. Because predation risk is higher nearer a hawk's nest than farther away, we predicted that species would show a more clumped distribution within study plots near the Sparrowhawks' nests than farther away. We also expected densities and community patterns to vary with respect to predation risk. The results suggest that predation and/or its risk has a complex and local effect on the prey community. The predation risk negatively affected the number of species and densities of birds only in the first year (1996) of study. The relationship between the density of large birds (≥20 g, preferred prey) and predation risk was also negative in 1996, but not in 1997, whereas the density of small birds ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0232:EOPOCA]2.0.CO;2 |
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We studied the community assembly and spatial distribution of a breeding forest bird community in a structurally complex forest landscape surrounding forest-hunting Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) nests. Birds were censused on transect arrays within 1-ha study plots divided into four subplots. We determined whether the distribution of species within study plots was clumped, random, or uniform. Because predation risk is higher nearer a hawk's nest than farther away, we predicted that species would show a more clumped distribution within study plots near the Sparrowhawks' nests than farther away. We also expected densities and community patterns to vary with respect to predation risk. The results suggest that predation and/or its risk has a complex and local effect on the prey community. The predation risk negatively affected the number of species and densities of birds only in the first year (1996) of study. The relationship between the density of large birds (≥20 g, preferred prey) and predation risk was also negative in 1996, but not in 1997, whereas the density of small birds (<20 g) was not affected by predation risk in either year. There was no relationship between predation risk and clumping for all species together. When we analyzed separately plots that contained large and small birds or large birds alone, however, increasing predation risk positively affected the index of dispersion, but only in thicket (one of the forest types), which is probably the preferred hunting habitat for Sparrowhawk. These results are well in line with studies made on predator-prey interactions in farmlands. In those studies, however, the effects of predators on prey communities were much stronger and extended farther in the landscape from the nest of predators than in this forest study. A possible reason for this difference is higher habitat structural complexity in forests, which may mitigate the effect of predators.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0232:EOPOCA]2.0.CO;2</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Accipiter nisus ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal reproduction ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Aves ; Aviculture ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bird nesting ; Birds ; Birds of prey ; breeding bird communities, boreal ; community structure ; Deciduous forests ; Finland ; Forest ecology ; Forest habitats ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Habitats ; heterospecific attraction ; Mixed forests ; Predation ; predation risk ; Predators ; prey community ; profitable vs. unprofitable prey ; Sparrowhawk ; species interactions ; Synecology ; Terrestrial ecosystems</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2001-01, Vol.82 (1), p.232-244</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2001 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2001 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Jan 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5472-68a1d3e6971392683d33f6a589149cb98e04124f513139d156d067aa0a2383b33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5472-68a1d3e6971392683d33f6a589149cb98e04124f513139d156d067aa0a2383b33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2680099$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2680099$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,1417,4024,27923,27924,27925,45574,45575,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=952017$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Forsman, Jukka T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mönkkönen, Mikko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hukkanen, Markku</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Predation on Community Assembly and Spatial Dispersion of Breeding Forest Birds</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><description>In a landscape context, nesting avian predators cause variation in predation risk with respect to the distance to their nests, which may have both direct (predation) and indirect (predation risk) effects on the prey community. We studied the community assembly and spatial distribution of a breeding forest bird community in a structurally complex forest landscape surrounding forest-hunting Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) nests. Birds were censused on transect arrays within 1-ha study plots divided into four subplots. We determined whether the distribution of species within study plots was clumped, random, or uniform. Because predation risk is higher nearer a hawk's nest than farther away, we predicted that species would show a more clumped distribution within study plots near the Sparrowhawks' nests than farther away. We also expected densities and community patterns to vary with respect to predation risk. The results suggest that predation and/or its risk has a complex and local effect on the prey community. The predation risk negatively affected the number of species and densities of birds only in the first year (1996) of study. The relationship between the density of large birds (≥20 g, preferred prey) and predation risk was also negative in 1996, but not in 1997, whereas the density of small birds (<20 g) was not affected by predation risk in either year. There was no relationship between predation risk and clumping for all species together. When we analyzed separately plots that contained large and small birds or large birds alone, however, increasing predation risk positively affected the index of dispersion, but only in thicket (one of the forest types), which is probably the preferred hunting habitat for Sparrowhawk. These results are well in line with studies made on predator-prey interactions in farmlands. In those studies, however, the effects of predators on prey communities were much stronger and extended farther in the landscape from the nest of predators than in this forest study. A possible reason for this difference is higher habitat structural complexity in forests, which may mitigate the effect of predators.</description><subject>Accipiter nisus</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Aves</subject><subject>Aviculture</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bird nesting</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Birds of prey</subject><subject>breeding bird communities, boreal</subject><subject>community structure</subject><subject>Deciduous forests</subject><subject>Finland</subject><subject>Forest ecology</subject><subject>Forest habitats</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>heterospecific attraction</subject><subject>Mixed forests</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>predation risk</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>prey community</subject><subject>profitable vs. unprofitable prey</subject><subject>Sparrowhawk</subject><subject>species interactions</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>Terrestrial ecosystems</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdke9r1DAYx4MoeJ7-D0FF3IveniRtk-irW3ebwqDDHy9UJOTaRHK0zS3pMe6_X2rHkL00BJKQTz5PeL4InRJYESHhFIDQTJaFeE_T9gQE_QWU0Q-b-rqu1r_pClZV_ZE-QQsimcwk4fAULR5ePUcvYtxBGiQXC_RzY61pxoi9xdfBtHp0fsBpVr7vD4Mbj3gdo-m33RHrocVf94nQHT53cW9C_AtbfBaMad3wB1_4YOKIz1xo40v0zOoumlf36xJ9v9h8qz5lV_Xl52p9lTVFzmlWCk1aZkrJCZO0FKxlzJa6EJLkstlKYSAnNLcFYQloSVG2UHKtQVMm2JaxJXo3e_fB3xxSedW72Jiu04Pxh6gIF3ku0vMlev0I3PlDGNLfFCUSSMn5ZLucoSb4GIOxah9cr8NREVBTAGpqpZpaqaYAVApATQGoOQCVTqqqFU2mN_fldGx0Z4MeGhcfdLKgQHiivszUrevM8X-LqU31YwIEJek2Sd_O0l0cffhXShlwlboMICW7Ay9CqRM</recordid><startdate>20010101</startdate><enddate>20010101</enddate><creator>Forsman, Jukka T.</creator><creator>Mönkkönen, Mikko</creator><creator>Hukkanen, Markku</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010101</creationdate><title>Effects of Predation on Community Assembly and Spatial Dispersion of Breeding Forest Birds</title><author>Forsman, Jukka T. ; Mönkkönen, Mikko ; Hukkanen, Markku</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5472-68a1d3e6971392683d33f6a589149cb98e04124f513139d156d067aa0a2383b33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Accipiter nisus</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Aves</topic><topic>Aviculture</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bird nesting</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Birds of prey</topic><topic>breeding bird communities, boreal</topic><topic>community structure</topic><topic>Deciduous forests</topic><topic>Finland</topic><topic>Forest ecology</topic><topic>Forest habitats</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>heterospecific attraction</topic><topic>Mixed forests</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>predation risk</topic><topic>Predators</topic><topic>prey community</topic><topic>profitable vs. unprofitable prey</topic><topic>Sparrowhawk</topic><topic>species interactions</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>Terrestrial ecosystems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Forsman, Jukka T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mönkkönen, Mikko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hukkanen, Markku</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Forsman, Jukka T.</au><au>Mönkkönen, Mikko</au><au>Hukkanen, Markku</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Predation on Community Assembly and Spatial Dispersion of Breeding Forest Birds</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><date>2001-01-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>232</spage><epage>244</epage><pages>232-244</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>In a landscape context, nesting avian predators cause variation in predation risk with respect to the distance to their nests, which may have both direct (predation) and indirect (predation risk) effects on the prey community. We studied the community assembly and spatial distribution of a breeding forest bird community in a structurally complex forest landscape surrounding forest-hunting Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) nests. Birds were censused on transect arrays within 1-ha study plots divided into four subplots. We determined whether the distribution of species within study plots was clumped, random, or uniform. Because predation risk is higher nearer a hawk's nest than farther away, we predicted that species would show a more clumped distribution within study plots near the Sparrowhawks' nests than farther away. We also expected densities and community patterns to vary with respect to predation risk. The results suggest that predation and/or its risk has a complex and local effect on the prey community. The predation risk negatively affected the number of species and densities of birds only in the first year (1996) of study. The relationship between the density of large birds (≥20 g, preferred prey) and predation risk was also negative in 1996, but not in 1997, whereas the density of small birds (<20 g) was not affected by predation risk in either year. There was no relationship between predation risk and clumping for all species together. When we analyzed separately plots that contained large and small birds or large birds alone, however, increasing predation risk positively affected the index of dispersion, but only in thicket (one of the forest types), which is probably the preferred hunting habitat for Sparrowhawk. These results are well in line with studies made on predator-prey interactions in farmlands. In those studies, however, the effects of predators on prey communities were much stronger and extended farther in the landscape from the nest of predators than in this forest study. A possible reason for this difference is higher habitat structural complexity in forests, which may mitigate the effect of predators.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><doi>10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0232:EOPOCA]2.0.CO;2</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Ecology (Durham), 2001-01, Vol.82 (1), p.232-244 |
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| subjects | Accipiter nisus Animal and plant ecology Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology Aves Aviculture Biological and medical sciences Bird nesting Birds Birds of prey breeding bird communities, boreal community structure Deciduous forests Finland Forest ecology Forest habitats Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Habitats heterospecific attraction Mixed forests Predation predation risk Predators prey community profitable vs. unprofitable prey Sparrowhawk species interactions Synecology Terrestrial ecosystems |
| title | Effects of Predation on Community Assembly and Spatial Dispersion of Breeding Forest Birds |
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