Occupational exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools
The study evaluated occupational exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in indoor swimming pools. Thirty-two subjects, representing the whole workforce employed in the five public indoor swimming pools in the city of Modena (Northern Italy) were enrolled. Both environmental and biological monitoring of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2001-01, Vol.264 (3), p.257-265 |
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| creator | Fantuzzi, Guglielmina Righi, Elena Predieri, Guerrino Ceppelli, Giorgia Gobba, Fabriziomaria Aggazzotti, Gabriella |
| description | The study evaluated occupational exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in indoor swimming pools. Thirty-two subjects, representing the whole workforce employed in the five public indoor swimming pools in the city of Modena (Northern Italy) were enrolled. Both environmental and biological monitoring of THMs exposure were performed. Environmental concentrations of THMs in different areas inside the swimming pools (at the poolside, in the reception area and in the engine-room) were measured as external exposure index, while individual exposure of swimming pool employees was estimated by THMs concentration in alveolar air. The levels of THMs observed in swimming pool water ranged from 17.8 to 70.8 μg/l; the mean levels of THMs in ambient air were 25.6±24.5 μg/m
3 in the engine room, 26.1±24.3 μg/m
3 in the reception area and 58.0±22.1 μg/m
3 at the poolside. Among THMs, only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were always measured in ambient air, while dibromochloromethane was detected in ambient air rarely and bromoform only once. Biological monitoring results showed a THMs mean value of 20.9±15.6 μg/m
3. Statistically significant differences were observed according to the main job activity: in pool attendants, THMs alveolar air were approximately double those observed in employees working in other areas of the swimming pools (25.1±16.5 μg/m
3 vs. 14.8±12.3 μg/m
3,
P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00722-1 |
| format | Article |
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3 in the engine room, 26.1±24.3 μg/m
3 in the reception area and 58.0±22.1 μg/m
3 at the poolside. Among THMs, only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were always measured in ambient air, while dibromochloromethane was detected in ambient air rarely and bromoform only once. Biological monitoring results showed a THMs mean value of 20.9±15.6 μg/m
3. Statistically significant differences were observed according to the main job activity: in pool attendants, THMs alveolar air were approximately double those observed in employees working in other areas of the swimming pools (25.1±16.5 μg/m
3 vs. 14.8±12.3 μg/m
3,
P<0.01). THMs in alveolar air samples were significantly correlated with THMs concentrations in ambient air (
r=0.57;
P<0.001). Indoor swimming pool employees are exposed to THMs at ambient air levels higher than the general population. The different environmental exposure inside the swimming pool can induce a different internal dose in exposed workers. The correlation found between ambient and alveolar air samples confirms that breath analysis is a good biological index of occupational exposure to these substances at low environmental levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00722-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11213196</identifier><identifier>CODEN: STENDL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Air ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Biological and medical sciences ; Environmental pollutants toxicology ; Exact sciences and technology ; Female ; Humans ; Indoor pollution and occupational exposure ; Indoor swimming pool ; Italy ; Italy, Modena ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure - analysis ; Pollution ; Reference Values ; Swimming Pools ; Toxicology ; Trihalomethanes ; Trihalomethanes - analysis</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2001-01, Vol.264 (3), p.257-265</ispartof><rights>2001 Elsevier Science B.V.</rights><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-6c3011b8c44c15f48f5120ea1bdee75b929efd355192828d23217b64283838bd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-6c3011b8c44c15f48f5120ea1bdee75b929efd355192828d23217b64283838bd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969700007221$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=856442$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11213196$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fantuzzi, Guglielmina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Righi, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Predieri, Guerrino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ceppelli, Giorgia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gobba, Fabriziomaria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aggazzotti, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><title>Occupational exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>The study evaluated occupational exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in indoor swimming pools. Thirty-two subjects, representing the whole workforce employed in the five public indoor swimming pools in the city of Modena (Northern Italy) were enrolled. Both environmental and biological monitoring of THMs exposure were performed. Environmental concentrations of THMs in different areas inside the swimming pools (at the poolside, in the reception area and in the engine-room) were measured as external exposure index, while individual exposure of swimming pool employees was estimated by THMs concentration in alveolar air. The levels of THMs observed in swimming pool water ranged from 17.8 to 70.8 μg/l; the mean levels of THMs in ambient air were 25.6±24.5 μg/m
3 in the engine room, 26.1±24.3 μg/m
3 in the reception area and 58.0±22.1 μg/m
3 at the poolside. Among THMs, only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were always measured in ambient air, while dibromochloromethane was detected in ambient air rarely and bromoform only once. Biological monitoring results showed a THMs mean value of 20.9±15.6 μg/m
3. Statistically significant differences were observed according to the main job activity: in pool attendants, THMs alveolar air were approximately double those observed in employees working in other areas of the swimming pools (25.1±16.5 μg/m
3 vs. 14.8±12.3 μg/m
3,
P<0.01). THMs in alveolar air samples were significantly correlated with THMs concentrations in ambient air (
r=0.57;
P<0.001). Indoor swimming pool employees are exposed to THMs at ambient air levels higher than the general population. The different environmental exposure inside the swimming pool can induce a different internal dose in exposed workers. The correlation found between ambient and alveolar air samples confirms that breath analysis is a good biological index of occupational exposure to these substances at low environmental levels.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air</subject><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Environmental pollutants toxicology</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indoor pollution and occupational exposure</subject><subject>Indoor swimming pool</subject><subject>Italy</subject><subject>Italy, Modena</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Swimming Pools</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - analysis</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1P3DAQQC0E6m63_QmgSEhVe0jrcWzHOaHVCgoS0h7ani3HmYBREgc7oeXfY3ZX9MjMSHN586FHyCnQ70BB_vhFKVd5JavyK6XfKC0Zy-GILEGVVQ6UyWOyfEMW5GOMDzRFqeADWQAwKKCSS7LeWjuPZnJ-MF2G_0Yf54DZ5LMpuHvT-R6nezNgzNyQqvE-ZPGv63s33GWj9138RE5a00X8fOgr8ufq8vfmOr_d_rzZrG9zywVMubQFBaiV5dyCaLlqBTCKBuoGsRR1xSpsm0IIqJhiqmEFg7KWnKkiZd0UK_Jlv3cM_nHGOOneRYtdl77zc9RQqkJCwt8FuRBCCplAsQdt8DEGbPUYXG_CswaqXyXrnWT9alBTqneSNaS5s8OBue6x-T91sJqA8wNgojVdG8xgXXzjlJCcs0Rd7ClM1p4cBh2tw8Fi4wLaSTfevfPIC-CMl4w</recordid><startdate>20010117</startdate><enddate>20010117</enddate><creator>Fantuzzi, Guglielmina</creator><creator>Righi, Elena</creator><creator>Predieri, Guerrino</creator><creator>Ceppelli, Giorgia</creator><creator>Gobba, Fabriziomaria</creator><creator>Aggazzotti, Gabriella</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010117</creationdate><title>Occupational exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools</title><author>Fantuzzi, Guglielmina ; Righi, Elena ; Predieri, Guerrino ; Ceppelli, Giorgia ; Gobba, Fabriziomaria ; Aggazzotti, Gabriella</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-6c3011b8c44c15f48f5120ea1bdee75b929efd355192828d23217b64283838bd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air</topic><topic>Air Pollution, Indoor</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Environmental pollutants toxicology</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indoor pollution and occupational exposure</topic><topic>Indoor swimming pool</topic><topic>Italy</topic><topic>Italy, Modena</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Swimming Pools</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fantuzzi, Guglielmina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Righi, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Predieri, Guerrino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ceppelli, Giorgia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gobba, Fabriziomaria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aggazzotti, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fantuzzi, Guglielmina</au><au>Righi, Elena</au><au>Predieri, Guerrino</au><au>Ceppelli, Giorgia</au><au>Gobba, Fabriziomaria</au><au>Aggazzotti, Gabriella</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occupational exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2001-01-17</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>264</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>257</spage><epage>265</epage><pages>257-265</pages><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><coden>STENDL</coden><abstract>The study evaluated occupational exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in indoor swimming pools. Thirty-two subjects, representing the whole workforce employed in the five public indoor swimming pools in the city of Modena (Northern Italy) were enrolled. Both environmental and biological monitoring of THMs exposure were performed. Environmental concentrations of THMs in different areas inside the swimming pools (at the poolside, in the reception area and in the engine-room) were measured as external exposure index, while individual exposure of swimming pool employees was estimated by THMs concentration in alveolar air. The levels of THMs observed in swimming pool water ranged from 17.8 to 70.8 μg/l; the mean levels of THMs in ambient air were 25.6±24.5 μg/m
3 in the engine room, 26.1±24.3 μg/m
3 in the reception area and 58.0±22.1 μg/m
3 at the poolside. Among THMs, only chloroform and bromodichloromethane were always measured in ambient air, while dibromochloromethane was detected in ambient air rarely and bromoform only once. Biological monitoring results showed a THMs mean value of 20.9±15.6 μg/m
3. Statistically significant differences were observed according to the main job activity: in pool attendants, THMs alveolar air were approximately double those observed in employees working in other areas of the swimming pools (25.1±16.5 μg/m
3 vs. 14.8±12.3 μg/m
3,
P<0.01). THMs in alveolar air samples were significantly correlated with THMs concentrations in ambient air (
r=0.57;
P<0.001). Indoor swimming pool employees are exposed to THMs at ambient air levels higher than the general population. The different environmental exposure inside the swimming pool can induce a different internal dose in exposed workers. The correlation found between ambient and alveolar air samples confirms that breath analysis is a good biological index of occupational exposure to these substances at low environmental levels.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>11213196</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00722-1</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0048-9697 |
| ispartof | The Science of the total environment, 2001-01, Vol.264 (3), p.257-265 |
| issn | 0048-9697 1879-1026 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Adult Air Air Pollution, Indoor Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Biological and medical sciences Environmental pollutants toxicology Exact sciences and technology Female Humans Indoor pollution and occupational exposure Indoor swimming pool Italy Italy, Modena Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Occupational Exposure - analysis Pollution Reference Values Swimming Pools Toxicology Trihalomethanes Trihalomethanes - analysis |
| title | Occupational exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools |
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