Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities
Background and aims Alcohol‐impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes. Design We collected data from 30 states (including the District...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2016-03, Vol.111 (3), p.448-453 |
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| creator | Yao, Julie Johnson, Mark B. Tippetts, Scott |
| description | Background and aims
Alcohol‐impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes.
Design
We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed‐model regression was used to examine the extent to which year‐over‐year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year‐over‐year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol‐involved fatal crashes.
Setting
Data from 30 states were obtained online.
Participants
Aggregate state‐level data from a total of 279 state‐year combinations were analyzed.
Measures
Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21–34 years; median family income; and education level.
Findings
Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = –0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/add.13198 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1780146382</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3946923841</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4248-5797ccbada046c787c07e7000a6d5b221d5664236e8dfa9385b0fb010a7ad9e53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0ctKLDEQBuAgis5RF76ANLjxLForl07SSxk9XvCCoOgupJM0RvsyJt3ovP2JjroQBLOpRb76qaQQ2sKwh9PZ19buYYpLuYQmmHLIgTG6jCZQ8iInmMEa-hPjIwAIWbJVtEY4KzAvxQRdHHV1H4xrXTdkY-efR9fMs1lw1pshZqmOZvB9FzPfZbox_UPf5L6daZ-uMhN0fMhqPejGD97FDbRS6ya6zY-6jm7_Hd1MT_Lzq-PT6cF5bhhhMi9EKYyptNXAuBFSGBBOpPE0t0VFCLYF54xQ7qStdUllUUFdAQYttC1dQdfR7iJ3Fvo0cRxU66NxTaM7149RYSEBM04l-QXlTABhlCe6840-9mPo0kPeFJWsBEKT-rtQJvQxBlerWfCtDnOFQb2tQ6V1qPd1JLv9kThWrbNf8vP_E9hfgBffuPnPSerg8PAzMl90-Di4168OHZ4UF1QU6u7yWMHZyfUdXBN1T_8D0T6h7A</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1763849023</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Yao, Julie ; Johnson, Mark B. ; Tippetts, Scott</creator><creatorcontrib>Yao, Julie ; Johnson, Mark B. ; Tippetts, Scott</creatorcontrib><description>Background and aims
Alcohol‐impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes.
Design
We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed‐model regression was used to examine the extent to which year‐over‐year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year‐over‐year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol‐involved fatal crashes.
Setting
Data from 30 states were obtained online.
Participants
Aggregate state‐level data from a total of 279 state‐year combinations were analyzed.
Measures
Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21–34 years; median family income; and education level.
Findings
Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = –0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P < 0.05) after controlling the covariates. Exploratory analysis suggests the increase in arrest rates was associated with stronger reductions in urban versus rural settings.
Conclusions
Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2140</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1360-0443</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/add.13198</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26451697</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ADICE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Accidents, Traffic - mortality ; Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol ; deterrence ; Drink-driving ; Drinking and driving ; Driving Under the Influence - legislation & jurisprudence ; Driving Under the Influence - prevention & control ; Drunk driving ; DUI reduction ; Enforcement ; fatal crashes ; Fatalities ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Law Enforcement ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Traffic accidents & safety ; United States ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2016-03, Vol.111 (3), p.448-453</ispartof><rights>2015 Society for the Study of Addiction</rights><rights>2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.</rights><rights>2016 Society for the Study of Addiction</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4248-5797ccbada046c787c07e7000a6d5b221d5664236e8dfa9385b0fb010a7ad9e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4248-5797ccbada046c787c07e7000a6d5b221d5664236e8dfa9385b0fb010a7ad9e53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fadd.13198$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fadd.13198$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26451697$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yao, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Mark B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tippetts, Scott</creatorcontrib><title>Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities</title><title>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</title><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><description>Background and aims
Alcohol‐impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes.
Design
We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed‐model regression was used to examine the extent to which year‐over‐year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year‐over‐year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol‐involved fatal crashes.
Setting
Data from 30 states were obtained online.
Participants
Aggregate state‐level data from a total of 279 state‐year combinations were analyzed.
Measures
Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21–34 years; median family income; and education level.
Findings
Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = –0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P < 0.05) after controlling the covariates. Exploratory analysis suggests the increase in arrest rates was associated with stronger reductions in urban versus rural settings.
Conclusions
Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.</description><subject>Accidents, Traffic - mortality</subject><subject>Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>deterrence</subject><subject>Drink-driving</subject><subject>Drinking and driving</subject><subject>Driving Under the Influence - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Driving Under the Influence - prevention & control</subject><subject>Drunk driving</subject><subject>DUI reduction</subject><subject>Enforcement</subject><subject>fatal crashes</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Law Enforcement</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Traffic accidents & safety</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0965-2140</issn><issn>1360-0443</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0ctKLDEQBuAgis5RF76ANLjxLForl07SSxk9XvCCoOgupJM0RvsyJt3ovP2JjroQBLOpRb76qaQQ2sKwh9PZ19buYYpLuYQmmHLIgTG6jCZQ8iInmMEa-hPjIwAIWbJVtEY4KzAvxQRdHHV1H4xrXTdkY-efR9fMs1lw1pshZqmOZvB9FzPfZbox_UPf5L6daZ-uMhN0fMhqPejGD97FDbRS6ya6zY-6jm7_Hd1MT_Lzq-PT6cF5bhhhMi9EKYyptNXAuBFSGBBOpPE0t0VFCLYF54xQ7qStdUllUUFdAQYttC1dQdfR7iJ3Fvo0cRxU66NxTaM7149RYSEBM04l-QXlTABhlCe6840-9mPo0kPeFJWsBEKT-rtQJvQxBlerWfCtDnOFQb2tQ6V1qPd1JLv9kThWrbNf8vP_E9hfgBffuPnPSerg8PAzMl90-Di4168OHZ4UF1QU6u7yWMHZyfUdXBN1T_8D0T6h7A</recordid><startdate>201603</startdate><enddate>201603</enddate><creator>Yao, Julie</creator><creator>Johnson, Mark B.</creator><creator>Tippetts, Scott</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201603</creationdate><title>Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities</title><author>Yao, Julie ; Johnson, Mark B. ; Tippetts, Scott</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4248-5797ccbada046c787c07e7000a6d5b221d5664236e8dfa9385b0fb010a7ad9e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Accidents, Traffic - mortality</topic><topic>Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>deterrence</topic><topic>Drink-driving</topic><topic>Drinking and driving</topic><topic>Driving Under the Influence - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Driving Under the Influence - prevention & control</topic><topic>Drunk driving</topic><topic>DUI reduction</topic><topic>Enforcement</topic><topic>fatal crashes</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Law Enforcement</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Traffic accidents & safety</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yao, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Mark B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tippetts, Scott</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yao, Julie</au><au>Johnson, Mark B.</au><au>Tippetts, Scott</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities</atitle><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><date>2016-03</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>111</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>448</spage><epage>453</epage><pages>448-453</pages><issn>0965-2140</issn><eissn>1360-0443</eissn><coden>ADICE5</coden><abstract>Background and aims
Alcohol‐impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes.
Design
We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol‐impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed‐model regression was used to examine the extent to which year‐over‐year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year‐over‐year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol‐involved fatal crashes.
Setting
Data from 30 states were obtained online.
Participants
Aggregate state‐level data from a total of 279 state‐year combinations were analyzed.
Measures
Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21–34 years; median family income; and education level.
Findings
Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = –0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P < 0.05) after controlling the covariates. Exploratory analysis suggests the increase in arrest rates was associated with stronger reductions in urban versus rural settings.
Conclusions
Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol‐impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>26451697</pmid><doi>10.1111/add.13198</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0965-2140 |
| ispartof | Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2016-03, Vol.111 (3), p.448-453 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Accidents, Traffic - mortality Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control Adult Aged Alcohol deterrence Drink-driving Drinking and driving Driving Under the Influence - legislation & jurisprudence Driving Under the Influence - prevention & control Drunk driving DUI reduction Enforcement fatal crashes Fatalities Female Humans Income Law Enforcement Male Middle Aged Regression Analysis Traffic accidents & safety United States Young Adult |
| title | Enforcement uniquely predicts reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities |
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