Regional and seasonal variations in ultraviolet B irradiation and vitamin D synthesis in India
Summary Evaluation of ultraviolet B index (UVBI) and its impact on vitamin D synthesis is important. We observed the maximum UVBI between 11 am and 1 pm. There was no increase in serum 25(OH)D levels following sun exposure during winter as the UVBI was significantly low, emphasizing the need for vit...
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| creator | Marwaha, R. K. Yenamandra, V. K. Sreenivas, V. Sahay, R. Baruah, M. P. Desai, A. Kurvilla, S. Joseph, S. Unnikrishnan, A. G. Lakshmy, R. Apoorva, C. Sharma, V. K. Sethuraman, G. |
| description | Summary
Evaluation of ultraviolet B index (UVBI) and its impact on vitamin D synthesis is important. We observed the maximum UVBI between 11 am and 1 pm. There was no increase in serum 25(OH)D levels following sun exposure during winter as the UVBI was significantly low, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.
Introduction
The amount of vitamin D3 synthesizing UVB irradiation (290–320 nm) reaching the earth’s surface at different altitudes and seasons in different parts of India and it’s impact on vitamin D synthesis has not been well studied.
Methods
The hourly UVB index (UVBI) from 10 am to 3 pm everyday for 12 months was measured by a solar meter in 4 different zones (North, Northeast, West and South) of the country. To study the impact of sun light exposure on vitamin D synthesis during winter, healthy school children aged 10–15 years were exposed to sunlight for a period of 30 min per day, between 11 am to 12 noon with 10 % body surface area, for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels before and after sun exposure.
Results
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. The highest UVBI was recorded from the North zone (4.5 ± 2.7 μW/Cm
2
), while the least was recorded in the Northeast zone (2.1 ± 1.2 μW/Cm
2
). UVBI readings in the Northeast zone were consistently low throughout the year, while all the other three zones showed significant seasonal fluctuations.
Surprisingly, we observed a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels from baseline (6.3 ± 4.6 to 5.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL;
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00198-015-3427-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1776648858</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>4217482071</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-48d16f7c4133f79d9a6a8ae082bc410bb77896487ddd68d8c84d617928f198473</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkVtLwzAYhoMobk5_gDdS8MabaNKkOVzqPA0EQRS8MqRNOjO6dibtYP_ebJ0iguBVSN7n-QLfC8AxRucYIX4REMJSQIQzSGjKIdoBQ0wJgalk2S4YIkk4lBS_DsBBCDMUHSn5PhikjBEkOR-Ctyc7dU2tq0TXJglWh81lqb3TbQxC4uqkq1qvl66pbJtcJc57bfp0Iy1dq-eRuk7Cqm7fbXAbaVJH6BDslboK9mh7jsDL7c3z-B4-PN5NxpcPsKA8ayEVBrOSFxQTUnJppGZaaItEmsc3lOecC8mo4MYYJowoBDUMc5mKMi6AcjICZ_3chW8-OhtaNXehsFWla9t0QWHOWfRFJv6DEoExIiyip7_QWdP5uJ9IiVRmLMsQihTuqcI3IXhbqoV3c-1XCiO17kn1PanYk1r3pNbOyXZyl8-t-Ta-iolA2gMhRvXU-h9f_zn1E20SnDc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1829565500</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Regional and seasonal variations in ultraviolet B irradiation and vitamin D synthesis in India</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Marwaha, R. K. ; Yenamandra, V. K. ; Sreenivas, V. ; Sahay, R. ; Baruah, M. P. ; Desai, A. ; Kurvilla, S. ; Joseph, S. ; Unnikrishnan, A. G. ; Lakshmy, R. ; Apoorva, C. ; Sharma, V. K. ; Sethuraman, G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Marwaha, R. K. ; Yenamandra, V. K. ; Sreenivas, V. ; Sahay, R. ; Baruah, M. P. ; Desai, A. ; Kurvilla, S. ; Joseph, S. ; Unnikrishnan, A. G. ; Lakshmy, R. ; Apoorva, C. ; Sharma, V. K. ; Sethuraman, G.</creatorcontrib><description>Summary
Evaluation of ultraviolet B index (UVBI) and its impact on vitamin D synthesis is important. We observed the maximum UVBI between 11 am and 1 pm. There was no increase in serum 25(OH)D levels following sun exposure during winter as the UVBI was significantly low, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.
Introduction
The amount of vitamin D3 synthesizing UVB irradiation (290–320 nm) reaching the earth’s surface at different altitudes and seasons in different parts of India and it’s impact on vitamin D synthesis has not been well studied.
Methods
The hourly UVB index (UVBI) from 10 am to 3 pm everyday for 12 months was measured by a solar meter in 4 different zones (North, Northeast, West and South) of the country. To study the impact of sun light exposure on vitamin D synthesis during winter, healthy school children aged 10–15 years were exposed to sunlight for a period of 30 min per day, between 11 am to 12 noon with 10 % body surface area, for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels before and after sun exposure.
Results
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. The highest UVBI was recorded from the North zone (4.5 ± 2.7 μW/Cm
2
), while the least was recorded in the Northeast zone (2.1 ± 1.2 μW/Cm
2
). UVBI readings in the Northeast zone were consistently low throughout the year, while all the other three zones showed significant seasonal fluctuations.
Surprisingly, we observed a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels from baseline (6.3 ± 4.6 to 5.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL;
p
< 0.001) despite sun exposure.
Conclusion
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. No increase in the serum 25(OH)D levels was observed following sun exposure in winter, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0937-941X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-2965</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3427-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26630977</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Springer London</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Biosynthesis ; Child ; Cholecalciferol - biosynthesis ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Geographic Mapping ; Humans ; India - epidemiology ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Original Article ; Orthopedics ; Radiation Exposure ; Rheumatology ; Schools ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Sunlight ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Osteoporosis international, 2016-04, Vol.27 (4), p.1611-1617</ispartof><rights>International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2015</rights><rights>International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-48d16f7c4133f79d9a6a8ae082bc410bb77896487ddd68d8c84d617928f198473</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-48d16f7c4133f79d9a6a8ae082bc410bb77896487ddd68d8c84d617928f198473</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00198-015-3427-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00198-015-3427-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,27931,27932,41495,42564,51326</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26630977$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marwaha, R. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yenamandra, V. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sreenivas, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahay, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baruah, M. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurvilla, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joseph, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unnikrishnan, A. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakshmy, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Apoorva, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, V. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sethuraman, G.</creatorcontrib><title>Regional and seasonal variations in ultraviolet B irradiation and vitamin D synthesis in India</title><title>Osteoporosis international</title><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><description>Summary
Evaluation of ultraviolet B index (UVBI) and its impact on vitamin D synthesis is important. We observed the maximum UVBI between 11 am and 1 pm. There was no increase in serum 25(OH)D levels following sun exposure during winter as the UVBI was significantly low, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.
Introduction
The amount of vitamin D3 synthesizing UVB irradiation (290–320 nm) reaching the earth’s surface at different altitudes and seasons in different parts of India and it’s impact on vitamin D synthesis has not been well studied.
Methods
The hourly UVB index (UVBI) from 10 am to 3 pm everyday for 12 months was measured by a solar meter in 4 different zones (North, Northeast, West and South) of the country. To study the impact of sun light exposure on vitamin D synthesis during winter, healthy school children aged 10–15 years were exposed to sunlight for a period of 30 min per day, between 11 am to 12 noon with 10 % body surface area, for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels before and after sun exposure.
Results
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. The highest UVBI was recorded from the North zone (4.5 ± 2.7 μW/Cm
2
), while the least was recorded in the Northeast zone (2.1 ± 1.2 μW/Cm
2
). UVBI readings in the Northeast zone were consistently low throughout the year, while all the other three zones showed significant seasonal fluctuations.
Surprisingly, we observed a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels from baseline (6.3 ± 4.6 to 5.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL;
p
< 0.001) despite sun exposure.
Conclusion
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. No increase in the serum 25(OH)D levels was observed following sun exposure in winter, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Cholecalciferol - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Geographic Mapping</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>India - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Radiation Exposure</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology</subject><issn>0937-941X</issn><issn>1433-2965</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkVtLwzAYhoMobk5_gDdS8MabaNKkOVzqPA0EQRS8MqRNOjO6dibtYP_ebJ0iguBVSN7n-QLfC8AxRucYIX4REMJSQIQzSGjKIdoBQ0wJgalk2S4YIkk4lBS_DsBBCDMUHSn5PhikjBEkOR-Ctyc7dU2tq0TXJglWh81lqb3TbQxC4uqkq1qvl66pbJtcJc57bfp0Iy1dq-eRuk7Cqm7fbXAbaVJH6BDslboK9mh7jsDL7c3z-B4-PN5NxpcPsKA8ayEVBrOSFxQTUnJppGZaaItEmsc3lOecC8mo4MYYJowoBDUMc5mKMi6AcjICZ_3chW8-OhtaNXehsFWla9t0QWHOWfRFJv6DEoExIiyip7_QWdP5uJ9IiVRmLMsQihTuqcI3IXhbqoV3c-1XCiO17kn1PanYk1r3pNbOyXZyl8-t-Ta-iolA2gMhRvXU-h9f_zn1E20SnDc</recordid><startdate>20160401</startdate><enddate>20160401</enddate><creator>Marwaha, R. K.</creator><creator>Yenamandra, V. K.</creator><creator>Sreenivas, V.</creator><creator>Sahay, R.</creator><creator>Baruah, M. P.</creator><creator>Desai, A.</creator><creator>Kurvilla, S.</creator><creator>Joseph, S.</creator><creator>Unnikrishnan, A. G.</creator><creator>Lakshmy, R.</creator><creator>Apoorva, C.</creator><creator>Sharma, V. K.</creator><creator>Sethuraman, G.</creator><general>Springer London</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160401</creationdate><title>Regional and seasonal variations in ultraviolet B irradiation and vitamin D synthesis in India</title><author>Marwaha, R. K. ; Yenamandra, V. K. ; Sreenivas, V. ; Sahay, R. ; Baruah, M. P. ; Desai, A. ; Kurvilla, S. ; Joseph, S. ; Unnikrishnan, A. G. ; Lakshmy, R. ; Apoorva, C. ; Sharma, V. K. ; Sethuraman, G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-48d16f7c4133f79d9a6a8ae082bc410bb77896487ddd68d8c84d617928f198473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Cholecalciferol - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Geographic Mapping</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>India - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Radiation Exposure</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Sunlight</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marwaha, R. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yenamandra, V. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sreenivas, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahay, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baruah, M. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurvilla, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joseph, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unnikrishnan, A. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakshmy, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Apoorva, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharma, V. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sethuraman, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Osteoporosis international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marwaha, R. K.</au><au>Yenamandra, V. K.</au><au>Sreenivas, V.</au><au>Sahay, R.</au><au>Baruah, M. P.</au><au>Desai, A.</au><au>Kurvilla, S.</au><au>Joseph, S.</au><au>Unnikrishnan, A. G.</au><au>Lakshmy, R.</au><au>Apoorva, C.</au><au>Sharma, V. K.</au><au>Sethuraman, G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Regional and seasonal variations in ultraviolet B irradiation and vitamin D synthesis in India</atitle><jtitle>Osteoporosis international</jtitle><stitle>Osteoporos Int</stitle><addtitle>Osteoporos Int</addtitle><date>2016-04-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1611</spage><epage>1617</epage><pages>1611-1617</pages><issn>0937-941X</issn><eissn>1433-2965</eissn><abstract>Summary
Evaluation of ultraviolet B index (UVBI) and its impact on vitamin D synthesis is important. We observed the maximum UVBI between 11 am and 1 pm. There was no increase in serum 25(OH)D levels following sun exposure during winter as the UVBI was significantly low, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.
Introduction
The amount of vitamin D3 synthesizing UVB irradiation (290–320 nm) reaching the earth’s surface at different altitudes and seasons in different parts of India and it’s impact on vitamin D synthesis has not been well studied.
Methods
The hourly UVB index (UVBI) from 10 am to 3 pm everyday for 12 months was measured by a solar meter in 4 different zones (North, Northeast, West and South) of the country. To study the impact of sun light exposure on vitamin D synthesis during winter, healthy school children aged 10–15 years were exposed to sunlight for a period of 30 min per day, between 11 am to 12 noon with 10 % body surface area, for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels before and after sun exposure.
Results
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. The highest UVBI was recorded from the North zone (4.5 ± 2.7 μW/Cm
2
), while the least was recorded in the Northeast zone (2.1 ± 1.2 μW/Cm
2
). UVBI readings in the Northeast zone were consistently low throughout the year, while all the other three zones showed significant seasonal fluctuations.
Surprisingly, we observed a significant decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels from baseline (6.3 ± 4.6 to 5.1 ± 2.7 ng/mL;
p
< 0.001) despite sun exposure.
Conclusion
The mean UVBI was highest between 11 am and 1 pm throughout the year in all locations. No increase in the serum 25(OH)D levels was observed following sun exposure in winter, emphasizing the need for vitamin D supplementation during these months.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Springer London</pub><pmid>26630977</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00198-015-3427-0</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0937-941X |
| ispartof | Osteoporosis international, 2016-04, Vol.27 (4), p.1611-1617 |
| issn | 0937-941X 1433-2965 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Biosynthesis Child Cholecalciferol - biosynthesis Endocrinology Female Geographic Mapping Humans India - epidemiology Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Article Orthopedics Radiation Exposure Rheumatology Schools Seasonal variations Seasons Sunlight Ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet Rays Vitamin D Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology |
| title | Regional and seasonal variations in ultraviolet B irradiation and vitamin D synthesis in India |
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