Oral Anticoagulation After Successful Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Operations: Is It Necessary?

Background This study analyzed the results of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation concomitant to open heart operations using continuous monitoring. Methods We investigated 70 consecutive patients (mean age, 72.1 ± 6 years; European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II: 9.7% ± 8.2%) who underwent AF ablation concomitant to cardiac operations in our institution between February 2012 and February 2013. For precise rhythm analysis we implanted Reveal XT devices (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, MN) in all patients at the end of operations. Twenty-two patients had paroxysmal (31.4%), 20 persistent (28.6%) and 28 longstanding-persistent AF (40%). AF duration time was at a median 18 months. Cardiac rhythm data were obtained by telemonitoring at 1-month intervals, and the AF burden was calculated at 3, 6, and 9 months and at 1 year postoperatively (ablation procedure success was defined as a burden of ≤0.5%). Further, a neurologic follow-up was performed at 1 year postoperatively. Results Overall survival was 95.7% at 30 days and 84.3% at 1 year. At 1 year, 66.7% of patients were in stable sinus rhythm, and AF burden was significantly reduced even in nonresponders: 88.2% of patients were off antiarrhythmic drugs, and oral anticoagulation had been stopped in 92.1%. No late neurologic events had occurred. Sinus rhythm at discharge and paroxysmal type of AF were predictive for later sinus rhythm ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions Considering the long AF duration and the high proportion of longstanding-persistent AF, the overall success of ablation procedures was satisfactory. Even though oral anticoagulation was stopped in most patients, no neurologic events were detected.