Effects of 2-ethylhexanoic acid on the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), is an industrial chemical and a toxic biotransformation product of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Its immunological effects are unknown. 2-EHA resembles structurally C18 fatty acids, which are known activators of respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Toxicology letters 2000-09, Vol.117 (1), p.79-84 |
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| creator | Pennanen, Sirpa M.A Heiskanen, Kaisa M Savolainen, Kai M Komulainen, Hannu |
| description | 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), is an industrial chemical and a toxic biotransformation product of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Its immunological effects are unknown. 2-EHA resembles structurally C18 fatty acids, which are known activators of respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Therefore, we exposed PMNL to 2-EHA in vitro and measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and explored the associated cellular mechanisms. 2-EHA (10–2000 μM) inhibited dose-dependently formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced respiratory burst in PMNL. Moreover, 2-EHA decreased oxidative burst evoked by the protein kinase C (PKC) activators, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and dioctanoyl-s,n-glycerol (DIC
8). 2-EHA affected neither the levels of free intracellular calcium nor inhibited PKC. The results indicate that 2-EHA inhibits activation of PMNL to produce ROS, i.e. has an immunosuppressive effect in vitro. The site of action in the PKC is after activation of this enzyme. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0378-4274(00)00243-5 |
| format | Article |
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8). 2-EHA affected neither the levels of free intracellular calcium nor inhibited PKC. The results indicate that 2-EHA inhibits activation of PMNL to produce ROS, i.e. has an immunosuppressive effect in vitro. The site of action in the PKC is after activation of this enzyme.</description><subject>2-Ethylhexanoic acid</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate</subject><subject>Caproates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Chemical agents</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Neutrophils - cytology</subject><subject>Neutrophils - drug effects</subject><subject>Neutrophils - metabolism</subject><subject>Polymorphonuclear leukocytes</subject><subject>Protein Kinase C - drug effects</subject><subject>Protein Kinase C - metabolism</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><subject>Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate - pharmacology</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Various organic compounds</subject><issn>0378-4274</issn><issn>1879-3169</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFu1DAQhi0EotvCI4B8QAgOATu24-RUoaoFpEocgLPlTMbEkMTBTlaNeHm83RU9chpb-ux_5htCXnD2jjNevf_KhK4LWWr5hrG3jJVSFOoR2fFaN4XgVfOY7P4hZ-Q8pZ-MsUpW6ik545wJUYpqR_5cO4ewJBocLQtc-m3o8c5OwQO14DsaJrr0SOcYuhUWn6-ZjGjzeY803G0_cKJpRvCYqJ9ov452onMYtjHEuQ_TCgPaSAdcfwXYliO190sMz8gTZ4eEz0_1gny_uf529am4_fLx89WH2wJkyZdCKc5LqFottXCqdbZUoAE6kFYop1RdQ-XqtuFV64Tt2rprS2YbtKibBqQSF-T18d88xO8V02JGnwCHwU4Y1mS41qXWjcigOoIQQ0oRnZmjH23cDGfmYN3cWzcHpYYxc2_dHAJengLWdsTu4dVJcwZenQCbwA4u2gl8euAUa6Q85F8eMcw29h6jSVnrBNj5mJdkuuD_08lfbvehTQ</recordid><startdate>20000930</startdate><enddate>20000930</enddate><creator>Pennanen, Sirpa M.A</creator><creator>Heiskanen, Kaisa M</creator><creator>Savolainen, Kai M</creator><creator>Komulainen, Hannu</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000930</creationdate><title>Effects of 2-ethylhexanoic acid on the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro</title><author>Pennanen, Sirpa M.A ; Heiskanen, Kaisa M ; Savolainen, Kai M ; Komulainen, Hannu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-55112c6b7473f5bfa25c7ccdc4a35f5588c6f8b916bf3adb8db20a9eae799c453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>2-Ethylhexanoic acid</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate</topic><topic>Caproates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Chemical agents</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - pharmacology</topic><topic>Neutrophils - cytology</topic><topic>Neutrophils - drug effects</topic><topic>Neutrophils - metabolism</topic><topic>Polymorphonuclear leukocytes</topic><topic>Protein Kinase C - drug effects</topic><topic>Protein Kinase C - metabolism</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</topic><topic>Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate - pharmacology</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Various organic compounds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pennanen, Sirpa M.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heiskanen, Kaisa M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savolainen, Kai M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komulainen, Hannu</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Toxicology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pennanen, Sirpa M.A</au><au>Heiskanen, Kaisa M</au><au>Savolainen, Kai M</au><au>Komulainen, Hannu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of 2-ethylhexanoic acid on the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro</atitle><jtitle>Toxicology letters</jtitle><addtitle>Toxicol Lett</addtitle><date>2000-09-30</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>117</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>79</spage><epage>84</epage><pages>79-84</pages><issn>0378-4274</issn><eissn>1879-3169</eissn><coden>TOLED5</coden><abstract>2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), is an industrial chemical and a toxic biotransformation product of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Its immunological effects are unknown. 2-EHA resembles structurally C18 fatty acids, which are known activators of respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Therefore, we exposed PMNL to 2-EHA in vitro and measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and explored the associated cellular mechanisms. 2-EHA (10–2000 μM) inhibited dose-dependently formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced respiratory burst in PMNL. Moreover, 2-EHA decreased oxidative burst evoked by the protein kinase C (PKC) activators, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and dioctanoyl-s,n-glycerol (DIC
8). 2-EHA affected neither the levels of free intracellular calcium nor inhibited PKC. The results indicate that 2-EHA inhibits activation of PMNL to produce ROS, i.e. has an immunosuppressive effect in vitro. The site of action in the PKC is after activation of this enzyme.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>11033236</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0378-4274(00)00243-5</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Biological and medical sciences bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Caproates - pharmacology Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens Cell Survival - drug effects Chemical agents Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Humans Medical sciences N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine - pharmacology Neutrophils - cytology Neutrophils - drug effects Neutrophils - metabolism Polymorphonuclear leukocytes Protein Kinase C - drug effects Protein Kinase C - metabolism Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate - pharmacology Toxicology Tumors Various organic compounds |
| title | Effects of 2-ethylhexanoic acid on the production of reactive oxygen species in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro |
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