Effect of two noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 on vigilance, behavior and spike–wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists, GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 (the racemate of talampanel) on the generation of spike–wave discharges (SWD) parallel with the vigilance a...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Brain research 2004-05, Vol.1008 (2), p.236-244
Hauptverfasser: Jakus, Rita, Graf, Marton, Ando, Romeo D, Balogh, Brigitta, Gacsalyi, Istvan, Levay, Gyorgy, Kantor, Sandor, Bagdy, Gyorgy
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 244
container_issue 2
container_start_page 236
container_title Brain research
container_volume 1008
creator Jakus, Rita
Graf, Marton
Ando, Romeo D
Balogh, Brigitta
Gacsalyi, Istvan
Levay, Gyorgy
Kantor, Sandor
Bagdy, Gyorgy
description The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists, GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 (the racemate of talampanel) on the generation of spike–wave discharges (SWD) parallel with the vigilance and behavioral changes in the genetic absence epilepsy model of WAG/Rij rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of GYKI 52466 (1-[4-aminophenyl]-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5 H-2,3-benzodiazepine; 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), the prototypic compound of the 2,3-benzodiazepine family, caused a fast dose-dependent increase in the number and cumulative duration of SWD. These changes were accompanied by dose-dependent increase in duration of light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and passive awake, vigilance states associated with the presence of SWD. In addition a short, transient behavioral activation occurred that was followed by strong ataxia and immobility, decrease of active wakefulness and increase in deep slow wave sleep. GYKI 53405 (7-acetyl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-8-methyl-8,9-dihydro-7 H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-b][2,3]benzodiazepine, the racemate of talampanel, 16 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to affect any measure of SWD and vigilance. When used as a pretreatment, GYKI 52466 (10 mg/kg) slightly attenuated SWD-promoting effects of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, it decreased cumulative duration and average time of paroxysms. In conclusion, AMPA receptors play moderate role in regulation of epileptic activity, and some of these effects are connected to their effects on vigilance in this model.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.087
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17717136</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0006899304003269</els_id><sourcerecordid>17717136</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-645fd50cc6e583649bb6c2b7abce93f4352694dc29e1e835559f266e886d9b333</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc9u1DAQxi0EokvhFSpf4NQEO_6T5MaqKqWiCA5w4GQ59mTrJYmD7d2qN96B9-CheBK8bBDcOFlj_eabme9D6IySkhIqX27LLmg3BYhlRQgvCS1JUz9AK9rUVSErTh6iFSFEFk3bshP0JMZtLhlryWN0QgXlopZ0hX5c9j2YhH2P053Hk5-MH2dILrk94PW7D2scwMCcfMB6SnrjJxdTxFef315jUXEp87ddSsaJwH7Ce7dxg54MnOMObvXe_W62OM7uC_z89v1OZ23rornVYQMRuwlrvIEpjzU46IRHb2E47KS7CFkHw-wGmOP9U_So10OEZ8t7ij69vvx48aa4eX91fbG-KQyvRCokF70VxBgJomGSt10nTdXVujPQsp4zUcmWW1O1QKFhQoi2r6SEppG27Rhjp-jFUXcO_usOYlJjXheGfBX4XVS0rmlNmcygPIIm-BgD9GoObtThXlGiDkmprfqTlDokpQhVOanceLZM2HUj2L9tSzQZeL4AOho99CEb6uI_XF03jeCZe3XkIPuxdxBUNO5gmnU5uaSsd__b5RffB7Y9</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>17717136</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effect of two noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 on vigilance, behavior and spike–wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Jakus, Rita ; Graf, Marton ; Ando, Romeo D ; Balogh, Brigitta ; Gacsalyi, Istvan ; Levay, Gyorgy ; Kantor, Sandor ; Bagdy, Gyorgy</creator><creatorcontrib>Jakus, Rita ; Graf, Marton ; Ando, Romeo D ; Balogh, Brigitta ; Gacsalyi, Istvan ; Levay, Gyorgy ; Kantor, Sandor ; Bagdy, Gyorgy</creatorcontrib><description>The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists, GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 (the racemate of talampanel) on the generation of spike–wave discharges (SWD) parallel with the vigilance and behavioral changes in the genetic absence epilepsy model of WAG/Rij rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of GYKI 52466 (1-[4-aminophenyl]-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5 H-2,3-benzodiazepine; 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), the prototypic compound of the 2,3-benzodiazepine family, caused a fast dose-dependent increase in the number and cumulative duration of SWD. These changes were accompanied by dose-dependent increase in duration of light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and passive awake, vigilance states associated with the presence of SWD. In addition a short, transient behavioral activation occurred that was followed by strong ataxia and immobility, decrease of active wakefulness and increase in deep slow wave sleep. GYKI 53405 (7-acetyl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-8-methyl-8,9-dihydro-7 H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-b][2,3]benzodiazepine, the racemate of talampanel, 16 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to affect any measure of SWD and vigilance. When used as a pretreatment, GYKI 52466 (10 mg/kg) slightly attenuated SWD-promoting effects of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, it decreased cumulative duration and average time of paroxysms. In conclusion, AMPA receptors play moderate role in regulation of epileptic activity, and some of these effects are connected to their effects on vigilance in this model.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-8993</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-6240</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.087</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15145761</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BRREAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>5-HT 1A receptor ; 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin - pharmacology ; Absence epilepsy ; AMPA receptor ; Animals ; Arousal - drug effects ; Behavior, Animal - drug effects ; Benzodiazepines - pharmacology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Epilepsy, Absence - genetics ; Epilepsy, Absence - physiopathology ; Epilepsy, Absence - psychology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology ; Glutamate ; GYKI 52466 ; GYKI 53405 ; Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes) ; Neurology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA - antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Serotonin ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists - pharmacology ; Sleep ; Sleep - drug effects ; Spike–wave discharge ; Talampanel ; Wakefulness - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Brain research, 2004-05, Vol.1008 (2), p.236-244</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-645fd50cc6e583649bb6c2b7abce93f4352694dc29e1e835559f266e886d9b333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-645fd50cc6e583649bb6c2b7abce93f4352694dc29e1e835559f266e886d9b333</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899304003269$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=15778854$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15145761$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jakus, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graf, Marton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ando, Romeo D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balogh, Brigitta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gacsalyi, Istvan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levay, Gyorgy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kantor, Sandor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bagdy, Gyorgy</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of two noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 on vigilance, behavior and spike–wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy</title><title>Brain research</title><addtitle>Brain Res</addtitle><description>The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists, GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 (the racemate of talampanel) on the generation of spike–wave discharges (SWD) parallel with the vigilance and behavioral changes in the genetic absence epilepsy model of WAG/Rij rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of GYKI 52466 (1-[4-aminophenyl]-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5 H-2,3-benzodiazepine; 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), the prototypic compound of the 2,3-benzodiazepine family, caused a fast dose-dependent increase in the number and cumulative duration of SWD. These changes were accompanied by dose-dependent increase in duration of light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and passive awake, vigilance states associated with the presence of SWD. In addition a short, transient behavioral activation occurred that was followed by strong ataxia and immobility, decrease of active wakefulness and increase in deep slow wave sleep. GYKI 53405 (7-acetyl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-8-methyl-8,9-dihydro-7 H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-b][2,3]benzodiazepine, the racemate of talampanel, 16 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to affect any measure of SWD and vigilance. When used as a pretreatment, GYKI 52466 (10 mg/kg) slightly attenuated SWD-promoting effects of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, it decreased cumulative duration and average time of paroxysms. In conclusion, AMPA receptors play moderate role in regulation of epileptic activity, and some of these effects are connected to their effects on vigilance in this model.</description><subject>5-HT 1A receptor</subject><subject>8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Absence epilepsy</subject><subject>AMPA receptor</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arousal - drug effects</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</subject><subject>Benzodiazepines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Epilepsy, Absence - genetics</subject><subject>Epilepsy, Absence - physiopathology</subject><subject>Epilepsy, Absence - psychology</subject><subject>Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology</subject><subject>Glutamate</subject><subject>GYKI 52466</subject><subject>GYKI 53405</subject><subject>Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Receptors, AMPA - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>Serotonin</subject><subject>Serotonin Receptor Agonists - pharmacology</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep - drug effects</subject><subject>Spike–wave discharge</subject><subject>Talampanel</subject><subject>Wakefulness - drug effects</subject><issn>0006-8993</issn><issn>1872-6240</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9u1DAQxi0EokvhFSpf4NQEO_6T5MaqKqWiCA5w4GQ59mTrJYmD7d2qN96B9-CheBK8bBDcOFlj_eabme9D6IySkhIqX27LLmg3BYhlRQgvCS1JUz9AK9rUVSErTh6iFSFEFk3bshP0JMZtLhlryWN0QgXlopZ0hX5c9j2YhH2P053Hk5-MH2dILrk94PW7D2scwMCcfMB6SnrjJxdTxFef315jUXEp87ddSsaJwH7Ce7dxg54MnOMObvXe_W62OM7uC_z89v1OZ23rornVYQMRuwlrvIEpjzU46IRHb2E47KS7CFkHw-wGmOP9U_So10OEZ8t7ij69vvx48aa4eX91fbG-KQyvRCokF70VxBgJomGSt10nTdXVujPQsp4zUcmWW1O1QKFhQoi2r6SEppG27Rhjp-jFUXcO_usOYlJjXheGfBX4XVS0rmlNmcygPIIm-BgD9GoObtThXlGiDkmprfqTlDokpQhVOanceLZM2HUj2L9tSzQZeL4AOho99CEb6uI_XF03jeCZe3XkIPuxdxBUNO5gmnU5uaSsd__b5RffB7Y9</recordid><startdate>20040522</startdate><enddate>20040522</enddate><creator>Jakus, Rita</creator><creator>Graf, Marton</creator><creator>Ando, Romeo D</creator><creator>Balogh, Brigitta</creator><creator>Gacsalyi, Istvan</creator><creator>Levay, Gyorgy</creator><creator>Kantor, Sandor</creator><creator>Bagdy, Gyorgy</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040522</creationdate><title>Effect of two noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 on vigilance, behavior and spike–wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy</title><author>Jakus, Rita ; Graf, Marton ; Ando, Romeo D ; Balogh, Brigitta ; Gacsalyi, Istvan ; Levay, Gyorgy ; Kantor, Sandor ; Bagdy, Gyorgy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-645fd50cc6e583649bb6c2b7abce93f4352694dc29e1e835559f266e886d9b333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>5-HT 1A receptor</topic><topic>8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Absence epilepsy</topic><topic>AMPA receptor</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arousal - drug effects</topic><topic>Behavior, Animal - drug effects</topic><topic>Benzodiazepines - pharmacology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Epilepsy, Absence - genetics</topic><topic>Epilepsy, Absence - physiopathology</topic><topic>Epilepsy, Absence - psychology</topic><topic>Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology</topic><topic>Glutamate</topic><topic>GYKI 52466</topic><topic>GYKI 53405</topic><topic>Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Receptors, AMPA - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>Serotonin</topic><topic>Serotonin Receptor Agonists - pharmacology</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Sleep - drug effects</topic><topic>Spike–wave discharge</topic><topic>Talampanel</topic><topic>Wakefulness - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jakus, Rita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graf, Marton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ando, Romeo D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balogh, Brigitta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gacsalyi, Istvan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levay, Gyorgy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kantor, Sandor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bagdy, Gyorgy</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Brain research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jakus, Rita</au><au>Graf, Marton</au><au>Ando, Romeo D</au><au>Balogh, Brigitta</au><au>Gacsalyi, Istvan</au><au>Levay, Gyorgy</au><au>Kantor, Sandor</au><au>Bagdy, Gyorgy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of two noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 on vigilance, behavior and spike–wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy</atitle><jtitle>Brain research</jtitle><addtitle>Brain Res</addtitle><date>2004-05-22</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>1008</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>236</spage><epage>244</epage><pages>236-244</pages><issn>0006-8993</issn><eissn>1872-6240</eissn><coden>BRREAP</coden><abstract>The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of two noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonists, GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 (the racemate of talampanel) on the generation of spike–wave discharges (SWD) parallel with the vigilance and behavioral changes in the genetic absence epilepsy model of WAG/Rij rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of GYKI 52466 (1-[4-aminophenyl]-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-5 H-2,3-benzodiazepine; 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.), the prototypic compound of the 2,3-benzodiazepine family, caused a fast dose-dependent increase in the number and cumulative duration of SWD. These changes were accompanied by dose-dependent increase in duration of light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and passive awake, vigilance states associated with the presence of SWD. In addition a short, transient behavioral activation occurred that was followed by strong ataxia and immobility, decrease of active wakefulness and increase in deep slow wave sleep. GYKI 53405 (7-acetyl-5-(4-aminophenyl)-8-methyl-8,9-dihydro-7 H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-b][2,3]benzodiazepine, the racemate of talampanel, 16 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to affect any measure of SWD and vigilance. When used as a pretreatment, GYKI 52466 (10 mg/kg) slightly attenuated SWD-promoting effects of the 5-HT 1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, it decreased cumulative duration and average time of paroxysms. In conclusion, AMPA receptors play moderate role in regulation of epileptic activity, and some of these effects are connected to their effects on vigilance in this model.</abstract><cop>London</cop><cop>Amsterdam</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>15145761</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.087</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0006-8993
ispartof Brain research, 2004-05, Vol.1008 (2), p.236-244
issn 0006-8993
1872-6240
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17717136
source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects 5-HT 1A receptor
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin - pharmacology
Absence epilepsy
AMPA receptor
Animals
Arousal - drug effects
Behavior, Animal - drug effects
Benzodiazepines - pharmacology
Biological and medical sciences
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Electroencephalography
Electromyography
Epilepsy, Absence - genetics
Epilepsy, Absence - physiopathology
Epilepsy, Absence - psychology
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology
Glutamate
GYKI 52466
GYKI 53405
Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy
Male
Medical sciences
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Rats
Receptors, AMPA - antagonists & inhibitors
Serotonin
Serotonin Receptor Agonists - pharmacology
Sleep
Sleep - drug effects
Spike–wave discharge
Talampanel
Wakefulness - drug effects
title Effect of two noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists GYKI 52466 and GYKI 53405 on vigilance, behavior and spike–wave discharges in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-14T02%3A01%3A58IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect%20of%20two%20noncompetitive%20AMPA%20receptor%20antagonists%20GYKI%2052466%20and%20GYKI%2053405%20on%20vigilance,%20behavior%20and%20spike%E2%80%93wave%20discharges%20in%20a%20genetic%20rat%20model%20of%20absence%20epilepsy&rft.jtitle=Brain%20research&rft.au=Jakus,%20Rita&rft.date=2004-05-22&rft.volume=1008&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.epage=244&rft.pages=236-244&rft.issn=0006-8993&rft.eissn=1872-6240&rft.coden=BRREAP&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.087&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E17717136%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=17717136&rft_id=info:pmid/15145761&rft_els_id=S0006899304003269&rfr_iscdi=true