Levels and profiles of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae
The study documents the levels and profiles of selected contaminants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs)] in blubber biopsy samples collected from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in An...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental research 2015-04, Vol.138, p.49-57 |
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| creator | Dorneles, Paulo R. Lailson-Brito, José Secchi, Eduardo R. Dirtu, Alin C. Weijs, Liesbeth Dalla Rosa, Luciano Bassoi, Manuela Cunha, Haydée A. Azevedo, Alexandre F. Covaci, Adrian |
| description | The study documents the levels and profiles of selected contaminants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs)] in blubber biopsy samples collected from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Antarctic Peninsula waters. In addition, we investigated year-to-year and sex-related differences in the bioaccumulation patterns. Except for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), whose concentrations were in the same range as those found in whales from the Northern Hemisphere, levels of all other compounds were lower in Southern Hemisphere whales compared to literature data on animals from the Arctic and subarctic region. The mean contribution to the sum of all anthropogenic organohalogen compounds (ΣOHC) decreased in the following order ΣPCBs (44%)>HCB (31%)>ΣDDXs (13%)>ΣCHLs (4.6%)>ΣHCHs (4.4%)>ΣPBDEs (0.9%). The predominant compounds within each chemical class were: PCBs 153, 149, 101 and 138; p,p′-DDE; γ-HCH; trans-nonachlor; PBDEs 99 and 47. The most dominant MeO-PBDE congener was 6-MeO-BDE 47. As samples were collected during three consecutive summer seasons, year-to-year trends could be assessed indicating a significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 for ΣCHL levels. Higher ΣPBDE concentrations and higher values of the ΣPBDE / ΣMeO-PBDE ratio, as well as higher ratios between the two MeO-BDEs (2′-MeO-BDE 68/6-MeO-BDE 47) were found in females compared to males. Higher ΣMeO-PBDE concentrations and higher values of the ratios between the lower chlorinated and the higher chlorinated PCBs were found in males than in females. In addition, five out of six significant differences found through discriminant function analysis were gender-related. The literature reports both feeding in mid- to low-latitudes and sex-related differences in migration patterns for humpback whales from the Southern Hemisphere, indicating that the hypothesis of dietary differences between males and females cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, additional studies are required for further investigation of this hypothesis.
•We found gender differences that could not be explained by maternal transfer of OHC.•Southern Hemisphere humpback whales are highly exposed to hexachlorobenzene.•OHC concentrations (except for HCB) are lower in South than in North Hemisphere.•A significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 was found for ΣCHL only.•A high lindane contribution to ΣHCH was found due to its use in South America. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.007 |
| format | Article |
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•We found gender differences that could not be explained by maternal transfer of OHC.•Southern Hemisphere humpback whales are highly exposed to hexachlorobenzene.•OHC concentrations (except for HCB) are lower in South than in North Hemisphere.•A significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 was found for ΣCHL only.•A high lindane contribution to ΣHCH was found due to its use in South America.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-9351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0953</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25688003</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antarctic Peninsula ; Antarctic Regions ; Bioaccumulation ; Chlorination ; Contaminants ; Discriminant function analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Monitoring ; Ethers ; Female ; Females ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism ; Humpback Whale - metabolism ; Insecticides - analysis ; Insecticides - metabolism ; Male ; Males ; Marine ; Marine mammals ; Megaptera novaeangliae ; Methoxylated PBDEs ; Organohalogen compounds ; Polar areas ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism ; Sex-related differences ; Southern Hemisphere ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism ; Whales ; Year-to-year variation</subject><ispartof>Environmental research, 2015-04, Vol.138, p.49-57</ispartof><rights>2015 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c494t-c9eab966f9417cf7ed7269f831f4e291037ea0d0ace27272a923b700c7b0ef113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c494t-c9eab966f9417cf7ed7269f831f4e291037ea0d0ace27272a923b700c7b0ef113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935115000341$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688003$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dorneles, Paulo R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lailson-Brito, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Secchi, Eduardo R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dirtu, Alin C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weijs, Liesbeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalla Rosa, Luciano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bassoi, Manuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cunha, Haydée A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azevedo, Alexandre F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Covaci, Adrian</creatorcontrib><title>Levels and profiles of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae</title><title>Environmental research</title><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><description>The study documents the levels and profiles of selected contaminants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs)] in blubber biopsy samples collected from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Antarctic Peninsula waters. In addition, we investigated year-to-year and sex-related differences in the bioaccumulation patterns. Except for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), whose concentrations were in the same range as those found in whales from the Northern Hemisphere, levels of all other compounds were lower in Southern Hemisphere whales compared to literature data on animals from the Arctic and subarctic region. The mean contribution to the sum of all anthropogenic organohalogen compounds (ΣOHC) decreased in the following order ΣPCBs (44%)>HCB (31%)>ΣDDXs (13%)>ΣCHLs (4.6%)>ΣHCHs (4.4%)>ΣPBDEs (0.9%). The predominant compounds within each chemical class were: PCBs 153, 149, 101 and 138; p,p′-DDE; γ-HCH; trans-nonachlor; PBDEs 99 and 47. The most dominant MeO-PBDE congener was 6-MeO-BDE 47. As samples were collected during three consecutive summer seasons, year-to-year trends could be assessed indicating a significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 for ΣCHL levels. Higher ΣPBDE concentrations and higher values of the ΣPBDE / ΣMeO-PBDE ratio, as well as higher ratios between the two MeO-BDEs (2′-MeO-BDE 68/6-MeO-BDE 47) were found in females compared to males. Higher ΣMeO-PBDE concentrations and higher values of the ratios between the lower chlorinated and the higher chlorinated PCBs were found in males than in females. In addition, five out of six significant differences found through discriminant function analysis were gender-related. The literature reports both feeding in mid- to low-latitudes and sex-related differences in migration patterns for humpback whales from the Southern Hemisphere, indicating that the hypothesis of dietary differences between males and females cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, additional studies are required for further investigation of this hypothesis.
•We found gender differences that could not be explained by maternal transfer of OHC.•Southern Hemisphere humpback whales are highly exposed to hexachlorobenzene.•OHC concentrations (except for HCB) are lower in South than in North Hemisphere.•A significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 was found for ΣCHL only.•A high lindane contribution to ΣHCH was found due to its use in South America.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antarctic Peninsula</subject><subject>Antarctic Regions</subject><subject>Bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Chlorination</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Discriminant function analysis</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Ethers</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis</subject><subject>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism</subject><subject>Humpback Whale - metabolism</subject><subject>Insecticides - analysis</subject><subject>Insecticides - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Megaptera novaeangliae</subject><subject>Methoxylated PBDEs</subject><subject>Organohalogen compounds</subject><subject>Polar areas</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis</subject><subject>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism</subject><subject>Sex-related differences</subject><subject>Southern Hemisphere</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</subject><subject>Whales</subject><subject>Year-to-year variation</subject><issn>0013-9351</issn><issn>1096-0953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUGP1CAUx4nRuLOr38AYjh5sfUBbysXEbFbXZIwH9Uwofd1hbKFCO8aD311mZ_RoNhzgH37vPciPkBcMSgasebMv0R8ippIDq0vgJYB8RDYMVFOAqsVjsgFgolCiZhfkMqV9jqwW8JRc8LppWwCxIb-3eMAxUeN7OscwuBETDQO1uzFE582C_f1dF8N0jjb4xRyDXxJ1nn4J67LD6OktTi7N-Yh0t05zZ-x3-nNncsfX9BPemXnBaKgPB4PG343O4DPyZDBjwufn_Yp8e3_z9fq22H7-8PH63bawlaqWwio0nWqaQVVM2kFiL3mjhlawoUKuGAiJBnowFrnMyyguOglgZQc4MCauyKtT3_zFHyumReeXWhxH4zGsSTMpQbTAuXwAKngLLasegDaNagVnSmW0OqE2hpQiDnqObjLxl2agjzr1Xp906qNODVxnnbns5XnC2k3Y_yv66y8Db09AdogHh1En69Bb7F1Eu-g-uP9P-AOhjbRG</recordid><startdate>201504</startdate><enddate>201504</enddate><creator>Dorneles, Paulo R.</creator><creator>Lailson-Brito, José</creator><creator>Secchi, Eduardo R.</creator><creator>Dirtu, Alin C.</creator><creator>Weijs, Liesbeth</creator><creator>Dalla Rosa, Luciano</creator><creator>Bassoi, Manuela</creator><creator>Cunha, Haydée A.</creator><creator>Azevedo, Alexandre F.</creator><creator>Covaci, Adrian</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201504</creationdate><title>Levels and profiles of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae</title><author>Dorneles, Paulo R. ; Lailson-Brito, José ; Secchi, Eduardo R. ; Dirtu, Alin C. ; Weijs, Liesbeth ; Dalla Rosa, Luciano ; Bassoi, Manuela ; Cunha, Haydée A. ; Azevedo, Alexandre F. ; Covaci, Adrian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c494t-c9eab966f9417cf7ed7269f831f4e291037ea0d0ace27272a923b700c7b0ef113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antarctic Peninsula</topic><topic>Antarctic Regions</topic><topic>Bioaccumulation</topic><topic>Chlorination</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Discriminant function analysis</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Ethers</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis</topic><topic>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism</topic><topic>Humpback Whale - metabolism</topic><topic>Insecticides - analysis</topic><topic>Insecticides - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine mammals</topic><topic>Megaptera novaeangliae</topic><topic>Methoxylated PBDEs</topic><topic>Organohalogen compounds</topic><topic>Polar areas</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis</topic><topic>Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism</topic><topic>Sex-related differences</topic><topic>Southern Hemisphere</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</topic><topic>Whales</topic><topic>Year-to-year variation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dorneles, Paulo R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lailson-Brito, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Secchi, Eduardo R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dirtu, Alin C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weijs, Liesbeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalla Rosa, Luciano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bassoi, Manuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cunha, Haydée A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azevedo, Alexandre F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Covaci, Adrian</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dorneles, Paulo R.</au><au>Lailson-Brito, José</au><au>Secchi, Eduardo R.</au><au>Dirtu, Alin C.</au><au>Weijs, Liesbeth</au><au>Dalla Rosa, Luciano</au><au>Bassoi, Manuela</au><au>Cunha, Haydée A.</au><au>Azevedo, Alexandre F.</au><au>Covaci, Adrian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Levels and profiles of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><date>2015-04</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>138</volume><spage>49</spage><epage>57</epage><pages>49-57</pages><issn>0013-9351</issn><eissn>1096-0953</eissn><abstract>The study documents the levels and profiles of selected contaminants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs)] in blubber biopsy samples collected from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Antarctic Peninsula waters. In addition, we investigated year-to-year and sex-related differences in the bioaccumulation patterns. Except for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), whose concentrations were in the same range as those found in whales from the Northern Hemisphere, levels of all other compounds were lower in Southern Hemisphere whales compared to literature data on animals from the Arctic and subarctic region. The mean contribution to the sum of all anthropogenic organohalogen compounds (ΣOHC) decreased in the following order ΣPCBs (44%)>HCB (31%)>ΣDDXs (13%)>ΣCHLs (4.6%)>ΣHCHs (4.4%)>ΣPBDEs (0.9%). The predominant compounds within each chemical class were: PCBs 153, 149, 101 and 138; p,p′-DDE; γ-HCH; trans-nonachlor; PBDEs 99 and 47. The most dominant MeO-PBDE congener was 6-MeO-BDE 47. As samples were collected during three consecutive summer seasons, year-to-year trends could be assessed indicating a significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 for ΣCHL levels. Higher ΣPBDE concentrations and higher values of the ΣPBDE / ΣMeO-PBDE ratio, as well as higher ratios between the two MeO-BDEs (2′-MeO-BDE 68/6-MeO-BDE 47) were found in females compared to males. Higher ΣMeO-PBDE concentrations and higher values of the ratios between the lower chlorinated and the higher chlorinated PCBs were found in males than in females. In addition, five out of six significant differences found through discriminant function analysis were gender-related. The literature reports both feeding in mid- to low-latitudes and sex-related differences in migration patterns for humpback whales from the Southern Hemisphere, indicating that the hypothesis of dietary differences between males and females cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, additional studies are required for further investigation of this hypothesis.
•We found gender differences that could not be explained by maternal transfer of OHC.•Southern Hemisphere humpback whales are highly exposed to hexachlorobenzene.•OHC concentrations (except for HCB) are lower in South than in North Hemisphere.•A significant decrease from 2000 to 2003 was found for ΣCHL only.•A high lindane contribution to ΣHCH was found due to its use in South America.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25688003</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.007</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental research, 2015-04, Vol.138, p.49-57 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Animals Antarctic Peninsula Antarctic Regions Bioaccumulation Chlorination Contaminants Discriminant function analysis Environmental Exposure Environmental Monitoring Ethers Female Females Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism Humpback Whale - metabolism Insecticides - analysis Insecticides - metabolism Male Males Marine Marine mammals Megaptera novaeangliae Methoxylated PBDEs Organohalogen compounds Polar areas Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism Sex-related differences Southern Hemisphere Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Whales Year-to-year variation |
| title | Levels and profiles of chlorinated and brominated contaminants in Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae |
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