Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia
Abstract Objective Chipping and/or delamination represent a clinical failure of porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ) prostheses. Causes and solutions have not been completely clarified. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of number of firings on the flexural strength of PFZ specimen....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Dental materials 2015-08, Vol.31 (8), p.e151-e156 |
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| creator | Vichi, A Sedda, M Bonadeo, G Bosco, M Barbiera, A Tsintsadze, N Carrabba, M Ferrari, M |
| description | Abstract Objective Chipping and/or delamination represent a clinical failure of porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ) prostheses. Causes and solutions have not been completely clarified. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of number of firings on the flexural strength of PFZ specimen. Methods Forty-five zirconia specimens in shape of bars were cut, sintered and divided in 3 groups ( n = 15). Group 1: veneering ceramic was layered “in bulk” and fired. Group 2: veneering ceramic was layered in three layers, individually fired. Group 3: veneering ceramic was layered in five layers, individually fired. Each layer thickness was controlled by the use of calibrated molds. The total veneering ceramic thickness for all the specimens was 1.2 mm, and the total thickness of the specimen of 2.0 mm. Three-point bending test was performed. Fracture load was recorded in Newton and MPa value was calculated taking into account the bi-layered nature of the specimen. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Specimens obtained with on single firing cycle obtained a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) lower flexural strength (54.61 ± 8.98 MPa) than specimens veneered with 3 or 5 firing cycles. The last two obtained very similar results (77.63 ± 13.17 MPa and 73.62 ± 12.38 MPa respectively) and the differences was not statistically significant. Significance In bi-layered PFZ specimen, three to five layers and firings determine higher flexural resistance when compared to a single firing. Thus, a 3-layers veneering procedure is recommended to increase flexural resistance. If a 5-layer procedure is necessary to improve esthetics, it does not decrease flexural resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.012 |
| format | Article |
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Causes and solutions have not been completely clarified. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of number of firings on the flexural strength of PFZ specimen. Methods Forty-five zirconia specimens in shape of bars were cut, sintered and divided in 3 groups ( n = 15). Group 1: veneering ceramic was layered “in bulk” and fired. Group 2: veneering ceramic was layered in three layers, individually fired. Group 3: veneering ceramic was layered in five layers, individually fired. Each layer thickness was controlled by the use of calibrated molds. The total veneering ceramic thickness for all the specimens was 1.2 mm, and the total thickness of the specimen of 2.0 mm. Three-point bending test was performed. Fracture load was recorded in Newton and MPa value was calculated taking into account the bi-layered nature of the specimen. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Specimens obtained with on single firing cycle obtained a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) lower flexural strength (54.61 ± 8.98 MPa) than specimens veneered with 3 or 5 firing cycles. The last two obtained very similar results (77.63 ± 13.17 MPa and 73.62 ± 12.38 MPa respectively) and the differences was not statistically significant. Significance In bi-layered PFZ specimen, three to five layers and firings determine higher flexural resistance when compared to a single firing. Thus, a 3-layers veneering procedure is recommended to increase flexural resistance. If a 5-layer procedure is necessary to improve esthetics, it does not decrease flexural resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0109-5641</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0097</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26008238</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Advanced Basic Science ; CAD/CAM ; Ceramic ; Ceramic firing ; Ceramic veneering ; Ceramics ; Chipping ; Dental Bonding ; Dental materials ; Dental Materials - chemistry ; Dental Porcelain - chemistry ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dental Veneers ; Dentistry ; Failure ; Firing ; Flexural strength ; Fracture load ; Hot Temperature ; Materials Testing ; Modulus of rupture in bending ; Pliability ; Stress, Mechanical ; Surface Properties ; Veneering ; Zirconia ; Zirconium - chemistry ; Zirconium dioxide</subject><ispartof>Dental materials, 2015-08, Vol.31 (8), p.e151-e156</ispartof><rights>2015</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c586t-b89f01fc58bd51f158061c057d0395388e3414847a28ec0792bae3dae31192143</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c586t-b89f01fc58bd51f158061c057d0395388e3414847a28ec0792bae3dae31192143</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.012$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008238$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vichi, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedda, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonadeo, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosco, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbiera, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsintsadze, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrabba, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrari, M</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia</title><title>Dental materials</title><addtitle>Dent Mater</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective Chipping and/or delamination represent a clinical failure of porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ) prostheses. Causes and solutions have not been completely clarified. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of number of firings on the flexural strength of PFZ specimen. Methods Forty-five zirconia specimens in shape of bars were cut, sintered and divided in 3 groups ( n = 15). Group 1: veneering ceramic was layered “in bulk” and fired. Group 2: veneering ceramic was layered in three layers, individually fired. Group 3: veneering ceramic was layered in five layers, individually fired. Each layer thickness was controlled by the use of calibrated molds. The total veneering ceramic thickness for all the specimens was 1.2 mm, and the total thickness of the specimen of 2.0 mm. Three-point bending test was performed. Fracture load was recorded in Newton and MPa value was calculated taking into account the bi-layered nature of the specimen. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Specimens obtained with on single firing cycle obtained a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) lower flexural strength (54.61 ± 8.98 MPa) than specimens veneered with 3 or 5 firing cycles. The last two obtained very similar results (77.63 ± 13.17 MPa and 73.62 ± 12.38 MPa respectively) and the differences was not statistically significant. Significance In bi-layered PFZ specimen, three to five layers and firings determine higher flexural resistance when compared to a single firing. Thus, a 3-layers veneering procedure is recommended to increase flexural resistance. If a 5-layer procedure is necessary to improve esthetics, it does not decrease flexural resistance.</description><subject>Advanced Basic Science</subject><subject>CAD/CAM</subject><subject>Ceramic</subject><subject>Ceramic firing</subject><subject>Ceramic veneering</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>Chipping</subject><subject>Dental Bonding</subject><subject>Dental materials</subject><subject>Dental Materials - chemistry</subject><subject>Dental Porcelain - chemistry</subject><subject>Dental Stress Analysis</subject><subject>Dental Veneers</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Failure</subject><subject>Firing</subject><subject>Flexural strength</subject><subject>Fracture load</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Materials Testing</subject><subject>Modulus of rupture in bending</subject><subject>Pliability</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Veneering</subject><subject>Zirconia</subject><subject>Zirconium - chemistry</subject><subject>Zirconium dioxide</subject><issn>0109-5641</issn><issn>1879-0097</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhHyCUI5eEGX_EzgUJteVDqsQBOFteZ1y8ZJ3FTirKr8erLRy49DAajfS8M9IzjL1E6BCwf7PrRkqLmzoOqDqQHSB_xDZo9NACDPox2wDC0Kpe4hl7VsoOACQf8Ck74z2A4cJs2OVVCOSXZg5NpgO5hcYmxBzTTWnm1ISJfq3ZTU1ZMqWb5fsRvKVElCv4O2Y_p-iesyfBTYVe3Pdz9u391deLj-315w-fLt5dt16Zfmm3ZgiAoQ7bUWFAZaBHD0qPIAYljCEhURqpHTfkQQ9860iMtRAHjlKcs9envYc8_1ypLHYfi6dpconmtVjUGkTNKfEw2g9KK82lrqg8oT7PpWQK9pDj3uU7i2CPqu3OnlTbo2oL0lbVNfbq_sK63dP4L_TXbQXengCqSm4jZVt8pORpjLkqt-McH7rw_wI_xRS9m37QHZXdvOZUdVu0hVuwX47vPn4bFQAKLsQfkb-kJw</recordid><startdate>20150801</startdate><enddate>20150801</enddate><creator>Vichi, A</creator><creator>Sedda, M</creator><creator>Bonadeo, G</creator><creator>Bosco, M</creator><creator>Barbiera, A</creator><creator>Tsintsadze, N</creator><creator>Carrabba, M</creator><creator>Ferrari, M</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150801</creationdate><title>Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia</title><author>Vichi, A ; Sedda, M ; Bonadeo, G ; Bosco, M ; Barbiera, A ; Tsintsadze, N ; Carrabba, M ; Ferrari, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c586t-b89f01fc58bd51f158061c057d0395388e3414847a28ec0792bae3dae31192143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Advanced Basic Science</topic><topic>CAD/CAM</topic><topic>Ceramic</topic><topic>Ceramic firing</topic><topic>Ceramic veneering</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>Chipping</topic><topic>Dental Bonding</topic><topic>Dental materials</topic><topic>Dental Materials - chemistry</topic><topic>Dental Porcelain - chemistry</topic><topic>Dental Stress Analysis</topic><topic>Dental Veneers</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Failure</topic><topic>Firing</topic><topic>Flexural strength</topic><topic>Fracture load</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Materials Testing</topic><topic>Modulus of rupture in bending</topic><topic>Pliability</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>Veneering</topic><topic>Zirconia</topic><topic>Zirconium - chemistry</topic><topic>Zirconium dioxide</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vichi, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedda, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bonadeo, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bosco, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbiera, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsintsadze, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrabba, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrari, M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Dental materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Vichi, A</au><au>Sedda, M</au><au>Bonadeo, G</au><au>Bosco, M</au><au>Barbiera, A</au><au>Tsintsadze, N</au><au>Carrabba, M</au><au>Ferrari, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia</atitle><jtitle>Dental materials</jtitle><addtitle>Dent Mater</addtitle><date>2015-08-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e151</spage><epage>e156</epage><pages>e151-e156</pages><issn>0109-5641</issn><eissn>1879-0097</eissn><abstract>Abstract Objective Chipping and/or delamination represent a clinical failure of porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ) prostheses. Causes and solutions have not been completely clarified. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of number of firings on the flexural strength of PFZ specimen. Methods Forty-five zirconia specimens in shape of bars were cut, sintered and divided in 3 groups ( n = 15). Group 1: veneering ceramic was layered “in bulk” and fired. Group 2: veneering ceramic was layered in three layers, individually fired. Group 3: veneering ceramic was layered in five layers, individually fired. Each layer thickness was controlled by the use of calibrated molds. The total veneering ceramic thickness for all the specimens was 1.2 mm, and the total thickness of the specimen of 2.0 mm. Three-point bending test was performed. Fracture load was recorded in Newton and MPa value was calculated taking into account the bi-layered nature of the specimen. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Specimens obtained with on single firing cycle obtained a statistically significant ( p < 0.001) lower flexural strength (54.61 ± 8.98 MPa) than specimens veneered with 3 or 5 firing cycles. The last two obtained very similar results (77.63 ± 13.17 MPa and 73.62 ± 12.38 MPa respectively) and the differences was not statistically significant. Significance In bi-layered PFZ specimen, three to five layers and firings determine higher flexural resistance when compared to a single firing. Thus, a 3-layers veneering procedure is recommended to increase flexural resistance. If a 5-layer procedure is necessary to improve esthetics, it does not decrease flexural resistance.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>26008238</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.012</doi></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Dental materials, 2015-08, Vol.31 (8), p.e151-e156 |
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| subjects | Advanced Basic Science CAD/CAM Ceramic Ceramic firing Ceramic veneering Ceramics Chipping Dental Bonding Dental materials Dental Materials - chemistry Dental Porcelain - chemistry Dental Stress Analysis Dental Veneers Dentistry Failure Firing Flexural strength Fracture load Hot Temperature Materials Testing Modulus of rupture in bending Pliability Stress, Mechanical Surface Properties Veneering Zirconia Zirconium - chemistry Zirconium dioxide |
| title | Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia |
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