The spatiotemporal distributions and determinants of ambient fungal spores in the Greater Taipei area

Airborne fungal spores, a type of bioaerosols, are significant air pollutants. We conducted a study to determine the spatiotemporal distributions of ambient fungi in the Greater Taipei area and develop land use regression (LUR) models for total and major fungal taxa. Four seasonal sampling campaigns were conducted over a year at 44 representative sites. Multiple regressions were performed to construct the LUR models. Ascospores were the most prevalent category, followed by Aspergillus/Penicillium, basidiospores, and Cladosporium. The highest fungal concentrations were found in spring. According to the LUR models, higher concentrations of Aspergillus/Penicillium and basidiospores were respectively present in residential/commercial areas and in areas with shorter road lengths. Various meteorological factors, particulates with aerodynamic diameters of ≤10 μm, and elevation also had significant relationships with fungal concentrations. The LUR models developed in this study can be used to assess spatiotemporal fungal distribution in the Greater Taipei area. •Spatiotemporal distributions of ambient fungal spores were evaluated.•Land-use regression models for ambient fungal spores were developed.•The major predictors were meteorological factors and particulates.•Commercial and residential areas are predictor of Aspergillus/Penicillium levels.•Road length is predictor of basidiospores levels. The first land-use regression models of ambient fungal spores were developed which can be used to assess spatiotemporal fungal distributions in the Greater Taipei area.