A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction
► Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) is not. ► Reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduces its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is challenging to remove from wastewater since does not precipitate. ► We d...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of hazardous materials 2012-07, Vol.223-224, p.1-12 |
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| creator | Barrera-Díaz, Carlos E. Lugo-Lugo, Violeta Bilyeu, Bryan |
| description | ► Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) is not. ► Reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduces its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is challenging to remove from wastewater since does not precipitate. ► We describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium.
Hexavalent chromium is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility and is challenging to remove from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. It does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions, so separation by precipitation is not feasible. While Cr(VI) oxyanions are very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) cations are not. Like many metal cations, Cr(III) forms insoluble precipitates. Thus, reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) simplifies its removal from effluent and also reduces its toxicity and mobility. In this review, we describe the environmental implications of Cr(VI) presence in aqueous solutions, the chemical species that could be present and then we describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.054 |
| format | Article |
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Hexavalent chromium is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility and is challenging to remove from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. It does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions, so separation by precipitation is not feasible. While Cr(VI) oxyanions are very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) cations are not. Like many metal cations, Cr(III) forms insoluble precipitates. Thus, reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) simplifies its removal from effluent and also reduces its toxicity and mobility. In this review, we describe the environmental implications of Cr(VI) presence in aqueous solutions, the chemical species that could be present and then we describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-3894</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.054</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22608208</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>aquatic environment ; Aqueous solutions ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biological ; Biological reduction ; carcinogenicity ; Carcinogens ; Cations ; chemical speciation ; Chromium ; Chromium - isolation & purification ; Electrochemical Techniques - methods ; electrochemistry ; Electroreduction ; Hexavalent chromium ; mutagenicity ; oxidants ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photocatalytic reduction ; Precipitation ; Reducing Agents - chemistry ; Reduction ; soil ; Solubility ; Solutions ; Toxicity ; wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification ; Water Purification - methods</subject><ispartof>Journal of hazardous materials, 2012-07, Vol.223-224, p.1-12</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-3f62ce52131b7a401564b26b6a0ec5c1980ea960dc97de939222d15c309e77223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-3f62ce52131b7a401564b26b6a0ec5c1980ea960dc97de939222d15c309e77223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.054$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608208$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Barrera-Díaz, Carlos E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lugo-Lugo, Violeta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bilyeu, Bryan</creatorcontrib><title>A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction</title><title>Journal of hazardous materials</title><addtitle>J Hazard Mater</addtitle><description>► Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) is not. ► Reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduces its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is challenging to remove from wastewater since does not precipitate. ► We describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium.
Hexavalent chromium is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility and is challenging to remove from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. It does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions, so separation by precipitation is not feasible. While Cr(VI) oxyanions are very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) cations are not. Like many metal cations, Cr(III) forms insoluble precipitates. Thus, reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) simplifies its removal from effluent and also reduces its toxicity and mobility. In this review, we describe the environmental implications of Cr(VI) presence in aqueous solutions, the chemical species that could be present and then we describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium.</description><subject>aquatic environment</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental</subject><subject>Biological</subject><subject>Biological reduction</subject><subject>carcinogenicity</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>chemical speciation</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Chromium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Electrochemical Techniques - methods</subject><subject>electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electroreduction</subject><subject>Hexavalent chromium</subject><subject>mutagenicity</subject><subject>oxidants</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>Photocatalytic reduction</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Reducing Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Reduction</subject><subject>soil</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>Solutions</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Water Purification - methods</subject><issn>0304-3894</issn><issn>1873-3336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtv1DAURi1ERYfCTwCybCUSrt_JqqpGBSpV6gKKxMpy7JuOR8m42BkQ_Pp6mClbuvJD5z70HULeUGgoUPVh3axX9s9k54YBZQ2IBqR4Rha01bzmnKvnZAEcRM3bThyTlzmvAYBqKV6QY8YUtAzaBfl-USX8GfBXFYfKrXAKzo7vKxzRzSk-flR246s-xDHe_X1OOK-iz9UQU2V_bDFuc7VMp9-uzko3v3VziJtX5GiwY8bXh_OE3H68_Lr8XF_ffLpaXlzXTjI613xQzGG5ctprK4BKJXqmemUBnXS0awFtp8C7TnvseMcY81Q6Dh1qzRg_Iaf7vvcpllXybKaQHY6j3ez2MlTrkgPX6gkolEyEFlwWVO5Rl2LOCQdzn8Jk0-8CmZ0AszYHAWYnwIAwRUCpe3sYse0n9P-qHhMvwLs9MNho7F0K2dx-KR1kkdNJ2e1Gn-8JLKkVNclkF3Dj0IdUrBgfw3-WeACq66D3</recordid><startdate>20120715</startdate><enddate>20120715</enddate><creator>Barrera-Díaz, Carlos E.</creator><creator>Lugo-Lugo, Violeta</creator><creator>Bilyeu, Bryan</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120715</creationdate><title>A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction</title><author>Barrera-Díaz, Carlos E. ; Lugo-Lugo, Violeta ; Bilyeu, Bryan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-3f62ce52131b7a401564b26b6a0ec5c1980ea960dc97de939222d15c309e77223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>aquatic environment</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Biodegradation, Environmental</topic><topic>Biological</topic><topic>Biological reduction</topic><topic>carcinogenicity</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Cations</topic><topic>chemical speciation</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Chromium - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Electrochemical Techniques - methods</topic><topic>electrochemistry</topic><topic>Electroreduction</topic><topic>Hexavalent chromium</topic><topic>mutagenicity</topic><topic>oxidants</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction</topic><topic>Photocatalytic reduction</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Reducing Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Reduction</topic><topic>soil</topic><topic>Solubility</topic><topic>Solutions</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Water Purification - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Barrera-Díaz, Carlos E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lugo-Lugo, Violeta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bilyeu, Bryan</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of hazardous materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Barrera-Díaz, Carlos E.</au><au>Lugo-Lugo, Violeta</au><au>Bilyeu, Bryan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction</atitle><jtitle>Journal of hazardous materials</jtitle><addtitle>J Hazard Mater</addtitle><date>2012-07-15</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>223-224</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>12</epage><pages>1-12</pages><issn>0304-3894</issn><eissn>1873-3336</eissn><abstract>► Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) is not. ► Reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduces its toxicity and mobility. ► Cr(VI) is challenging to remove from wastewater since does not precipitate. ► We describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium.
Hexavalent chromium is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility and is challenging to remove from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. It does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions, so separation by precipitation is not feasible. While Cr(VI) oxyanions are very mobile and toxic in the environment, Cr(III) cations are not. Like many metal cations, Cr(III) forms insoluble precipitates. Thus, reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) simplifies its removal from effluent and also reduces its toxicity and mobility. In this review, we describe the environmental implications of Cr(VI) presence in aqueous solutions, the chemical species that could be present and then we describe the technologies available to efficiently reduce hexavalent chromium.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>22608208</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.054</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | aquatic environment Aqueous solutions Biodegradation, Environmental Biological Biological reduction carcinogenicity Carcinogens Cations chemical speciation Chromium Chromium - isolation & purification Electrochemical Techniques - methods electrochemistry Electroreduction Hexavalent chromium mutagenicity oxidants Oxidation-Reduction Photocatalytic reduction Precipitation Reducing Agents - chemistry Reduction soil Solubility Solutions Toxicity wastewater Wastewater treatment Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification Water Purification - methods |
| title | A review of chemical, electrochemical and biological methods for aqueous Cr(VI) reduction |
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