Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater
Pharmaceutical compounds can reach detectable concentrations in rivers and lakes if production and use are sufficiently large and the compounds show some mobility and persistence in the aquatic environment. In this study, we report on the occurrence and on the enantiomer composition of the chiral ph...
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description | Pharmaceutical compounds can reach detectable concentrations in rivers and lakes if production and use are sufficiently large and the compounds show some mobility and persistence in the aquatic environment. In this study, we report on the occurrence and on the enantiomer composition of the chiral pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IB) in surface waters and in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enantioselective gas chroma tography and detection by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used for analysis. IB was present in influents of WWTPs at concentrations of up to 3 μg/L with a high enantiomeric excess of the pharmacologically active S enantiomer (S ≫ R), as from human urinary excretion. The principal human urinary metabolites of IB, hydroxy-IB and carboxy-IB, were observed in WWTP influents at even higher concentrations. In contrast to other pharmaceutical compounds such as clofibric acid and diclofenac, IB and its metabolites are then efficiently degraded (>95%) during treatment in WWTPs. Laboratory incubation experiments confirmed this rapid degradation. In rivers and lakes, IB was detected at concentrations of up to 8 ng/L, generally with some excess of the S enantiomer; the IB metabolites were not detected ( S) enantiomer composition as compared to that from human metabolism. Inefficient WWTPs and direct discharges of untreated wastewater from storm events, however, can still be a source for increased levels of IB in surface water. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es981014w |
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In this study, we report on the occurrence and on the enantiomer composition of the chiral pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IB) in surface waters and in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enantioselective gas chroma tography and detection by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used for analysis. IB was present in influents of WWTPs at concentrations of up to 3 μg/L with a high enantiomeric excess of the pharmacologically active S enantiomer (S ≫ R), as from human urinary excretion. The principal human urinary metabolites of IB, hydroxy-IB and carboxy-IB, were observed in WWTP influents at even higher concentrations. In contrast to other pharmaceutical compounds such as clofibric acid and diclofenac, IB and its metabolites are then efficiently degraded (>95%) during treatment in WWTPs. Laboratory incubation experiments confirmed this rapid degradation. In rivers and lakes, IB was detected at concentrations of up to 8 ng/L, generally with some excess of the S enantiomer; the IB metabolites were not detected (<1 ng/L). Incubation of lake water fortified with (rac)-IB indicated a faster dissipation of the S enantiomer, thus resulting eventually in residues with a reversed (R > S) enantiomer composition as compared to that from human metabolism. Inefficient WWTPs and direct discharges of untreated wastewater from storm events, however, can still be a source for increased levels of IB in surface water.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es981014w</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Analgesics ; Applied sciences ; Chemistry ; Contamination ; Continental surface waters ; Degradation ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environmental impact ; Exact sciences and technology ; Gas chromatography ; ibuprofen ; Mass spectrometry ; Metabolites ; Natural water pollution ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Seawaters, estuaries ; Surface waters ; Waste materials ; Wastewater ; Wastewaters ; Water ; Water treatment and pollution ; Water treatment plants</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 1999-08, Vol.33 (15), p.2529-2535</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 1999 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Aug 1, 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-7f97fca8f62bf0f842b43755dfa6bcf19bb3ea42c3e3de5f9c93284a051ccc7d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-7f97fca8f62bf0f842b43755dfa6bcf19bb3ea42c3e3de5f9c93284a051ccc7d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es981014w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es981014w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1910530$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Buser, Hans-Rudolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poiger, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, Markus D</creatorcontrib><title>Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Pharmaceutical compounds can reach detectable concentrations in rivers and lakes if production and use are sufficiently large and the compounds show some mobility and persistence in the aquatic environment. In this study, we report on the occurrence and on the enantiomer composition of the chiral pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IB) in surface waters and in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enantioselective gas chroma tography and detection by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used for analysis. IB was present in influents of WWTPs at concentrations of up to 3 μg/L with a high enantiomeric excess of the pharmacologically active S enantiomer (S ≫ R), as from human urinary excretion. The principal human urinary metabolites of IB, hydroxy-IB and carboxy-IB, were observed in WWTP influents at even higher concentrations. In contrast to other pharmaceutical compounds such as clofibric acid and diclofenac, IB and its metabolites are then efficiently degraded (>95%) during treatment in WWTPs. Laboratory incubation experiments confirmed this rapid degradation. In rivers and lakes, IB was detected at concentrations of up to 8 ng/L, generally with some excess of the S enantiomer; the IB metabolites were not detected (<1 ng/L). Incubation of lake water fortified with (rac)-IB indicated a faster dissipation of the S enantiomer, thus resulting eventually in residues with a reversed (R > S) enantiomer composition as compared to that from human metabolism. Inefficient WWTPs and direct discharges of untreated wastewater from storm events, however, can still be a source for increased levels of IB in surface water.</description><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Continental surface waters</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>ibuprofen</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Seawaters, estuaries</subject><subject>Surface waters</subject><subject>Waste materials</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewaters</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><subject>Water treatment plants</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkVFvFCEUhYnRxHX1wX9AjJr4MArDAMOjbmvbpKZNWlPfyB324lJ3mQpDq_9e1m3aRB_0iXDvx-Hcewh5ztlbzlr-DrPpOePdzQMy47Jljewlf0hmjHHRGKG-PCZPcr5kjLWC9TNSTpwrKWF0SCEu6X68DmmMG4wTrOkHXMF1GBMdPZ1WSBerkGr5dAVpAw7LFFy97qXylR4N5SqNHiMNkZ6V5GufXsCEKf8WrtULyBPebEtPySMP64zPbs85-fxx_3xx2ByfHBwt3h83IDs9Ndob7R30XrWDZ77v2qETWsqlBzU4z80wCISudQLFEqU3zoi274BJ7pzTSzEnr3e61dr3gnmym5AdrtcQcSzZcq2M6g37D1D0gkv9b1BKqZTagi_-AC_HkmKd1tbNc8XamsicvNlBLo05J_T2KoUNpJ-WM7vN097lWdmXt4KQ69Z9guhCvn9gOJNiO0mzw0Jd9o-7NqRvtrrS0p6fntlPewdaHDJlZeVf7Xhw-d7i39__AmIbu0s</recordid><startdate>19990801</startdate><enddate>19990801</enddate><creator>Buser, Hans-Rudolf</creator><creator>Poiger, Thomas</creator><creator>Müller, Markus D</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7QH</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19990801</creationdate><title>Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater</title><author>Buser, Hans-Rudolf ; Poiger, Thomas ; Müller, Markus D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-7f97fca8f62bf0f842b43755dfa6bcf19bb3ea42c3e3de5f9c93284a051ccc7d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Continental surface waters</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>ibuprofen</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Seawaters, estuaries</topic><topic>Surface waters</topic><topic>Waste materials</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewaters</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><topic>Water treatment plants</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Buser, Hans-Rudolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poiger, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, Markus D</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Buser, Hans-Rudolf</au><au>Poiger, Thomas</au><au>Müller, Markus D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>1999-08-01</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>33</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>2529</spage><epage>2535</epage><pages>2529-2535</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Pharmaceutical compounds can reach detectable concentrations in rivers and lakes if production and use are sufficiently large and the compounds show some mobility and persistence in the aquatic environment. In this study, we report on the occurrence and on the enantiomer composition of the chiral pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IB) in surface waters and in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Enantioselective gas chroma tography and detection by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used for analysis. IB was present in influents of WWTPs at concentrations of up to 3 μg/L with a high enantiomeric excess of the pharmacologically active S enantiomer (S ≫ R), as from human urinary excretion. The principal human urinary metabolites of IB, hydroxy-IB and carboxy-IB, were observed in WWTP influents at even higher concentrations. In contrast to other pharmaceutical compounds such as clofibric acid and diclofenac, IB and its metabolites are then efficiently degraded (>95%) during treatment in WWTPs. Laboratory incubation experiments confirmed this rapid degradation. In rivers and lakes, IB was detected at concentrations of up to 8 ng/L, generally with some excess of the S enantiomer; the IB metabolites were not detected (<1 ng/L). Incubation of lake water fortified with (rac)-IB indicated a faster dissipation of the S enantiomer, thus resulting eventually in residues with a reversed (R > S) enantiomer composition as compared to that from human metabolism. Inefficient WWTPs and direct discharges of untreated wastewater from storm events, however, can still be a source for increased levels of IB in surface water.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><doi>10.1021/es981014w</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analgesics Applied sciences Chemistry Contamination Continental surface waters Degradation Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental impact Exact sciences and technology Gas chromatography ibuprofen Mass spectrometry Metabolites Natural water pollution Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Pollution Pollution, environment geology Seawaters, estuaries Surface waters Waste materials Wastewater Wastewaters Water Water treatment and pollution Water treatment plants |
title | Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of the Chiral Pharmaceutical Drug Ibuprofen in Surface Waters and in Wastewater |
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