The Relationship between Executive Function and Falls and Gait Abnormalities in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Background/Objectives: Older adults with dementia have at least a twofold increased risk of falls. Multi-factorial interventions have failed to demonstrate a reduction in falls in this group. Improved understanding of specific cognitive factors and their relationship to gait, balance and falls is re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders 2013-01, Vol.36 (1-2), p.20-35 |
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| creator | Kearney, Fiona C. Harwood, Rowan H. Gladman, John R.F. Lincoln, Nadina Masud, Tahir |
| description | Background/Objectives: Older adults with dementia have at least a twofold increased risk of falls. Multi-factorial interventions have failed to demonstrate a reduction in falls in this group. Improved understanding of specific cognitive factors and their relationship to gait, balance and falls is required. Methods: Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases from inception to April 2011 were conducted to identify prospective studies in older adults examining executive function and its relationship with falls, balance and gait abnormalities. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study populations, executive function measures and study outcomes. Results: Of 8,985 abstracts identified, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Eleven studies examined executive function and falls. The remaining studies examined executive function and gait speed decline. Nine studies examining executive function and falls found a relationship between poor executive function and increased fall risk. All 3 studies examining executive function and gait found an association between poor executive function and declines in gait speed. Impaired executive function was associated with more serious falling patterns. Conclusions: Executive function was associated with falls and gait speed slowing in older adults. Future research should consider executive dysfunction as a training target for fall prevention, or as a factor mediating the failure of conventional fall prevention interventions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1159/000350031 |
| format | Article |
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Multi-factorial interventions have failed to demonstrate a reduction in falls in this group. Improved understanding of specific cognitive factors and their relationship to gait, balance and falls is required. Methods: Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases from inception to April 2011 were conducted to identify prospective studies in older adults examining executive function and its relationship with falls, balance and gait abnormalities. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study populations, executive function measures and study outcomes. Results: Of 8,985 abstracts identified, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Eleven studies examined executive function and falls. The remaining studies examined executive function and gait speed decline. Nine studies examining executive function and falls found a relationship between poor executive function and increased fall risk. All 3 studies examining executive function and gait found an association between poor executive function and declines in gait speed. Impaired executive function was associated with more serious falling patterns. Conclusions: Executive function was associated with falls and gait speed slowing in older adults. Future research should consider executive dysfunction as a training target for fall prevention, or as a factor mediating the failure of conventional fall prevention interventions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1420-8008</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1421-9824</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1159/000350031</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23712088</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DGCDFX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel, Switzerland: Karger</publisher><subject>Accidental Falls ; Aged - physiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biological and medical sciences ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases ; Executive Function - physiology ; Female ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic - psychology ; Humans ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Nervous system ; Neurology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry ; Review Article ; Systematic review</subject><ispartof>Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 2013-01, Vol.36 (1-2), p.20-35</ispartof><rights>2013 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2013 S. 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Multi-factorial interventions have failed to demonstrate a reduction in falls in this group. Improved understanding of specific cognitive factors and their relationship to gait, balance and falls is required. Methods: Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases from inception to April 2011 were conducted to identify prospective studies in older adults examining executive function and its relationship with falls, balance and gait abnormalities. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study populations, executive function measures and study outcomes. Results: Of 8,985 abstracts identified, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Eleven studies examined executive function and falls. The remaining studies examined executive function and gait speed decline. Nine studies examining executive function and falls found a relationship between poor executive function and increased fall risk. All 3 studies examining executive function and gait found an association between poor executive function and declines in gait speed. Impaired executive function was associated with more serious falling patterns. Conclusions: Executive function was associated with falls and gait speed slowing in older adults. Future research should consider executive dysfunction as a training target for fall prevention, or as a factor mediating the failure of conventional fall prevention interventions.</description><subject>Accidental Falls</subject><subject>Aged - physiology</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Data Interpretation, Statistical</subject><subject>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</subject><subject>Executive Function - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gait Disorders, Neurologic - psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. 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Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</topic><topic>Executive Function - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gait Disorders, Neurologic - psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry</topic><topic>Review Article</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kearney, Fiona C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harwood, Rowan H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gladman, John R.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lincoln, Nadina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masud, Tahir</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kearney, Fiona C.</au><au>Harwood, Rowan H.</au><au>Gladman, John R.F.</au><au>Lincoln, Nadina</au><au>Masud, Tahir</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Relationship between Executive Function and Falls and Gait Abnormalities in Older Adults: A Systematic Review</atitle><jtitle>Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders</jtitle><addtitle>Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord</addtitle><date>2013-01-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>1-2</issue><spage>20</spage><epage>35</epage><pages>20-35</pages><issn>1420-8008</issn><eissn>1421-9824</eissn><coden>DGCDFX</coden><abstract>Background/Objectives: Older adults with dementia have at least a twofold increased risk of falls. Multi-factorial interventions have failed to demonstrate a reduction in falls in this group. Improved understanding of specific cognitive factors and their relationship to gait, balance and falls is required. Methods: Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases from inception to April 2011 were conducted to identify prospective studies in older adults examining executive function and its relationship with falls, balance and gait abnormalities. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study populations, executive function measures and study outcomes. Results: Of 8,985 abstracts identified, 14 studies met inclusion criteria. Eleven studies examined executive function and falls. The remaining studies examined executive function and gait speed decline. Nine studies examining executive function and falls found a relationship between poor executive function and increased fall risk. All 3 studies examining executive function and gait found an association between poor executive function and declines in gait speed. Impaired executive function was associated with more serious falling patterns. Conclusions: Executive function was associated with falls and gait speed slowing in older adults. Future research should consider executive dysfunction as a training target for fall prevention, or as a factor mediating the failure of conventional fall prevention interventions.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>Karger</pub><pmid>23712088</pmid><doi>10.1159/000350031</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 2013-01, Vol.36 (1-2), p.20-35 |
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| subjects | Accidental Falls Aged - physiology Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Data Interpretation, Statistical Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases Executive Function - physiology Female Gait Disorders, Neurologic - psychology Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Nervous system Neurology Neuropsychological Tests Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry Review Article Systematic review |
| title | The Relationship between Executive Function and Falls and Gait Abnormalities in Older Adults: A Systematic Review |
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