Stability and efficacy of the 3′-UTR A4G-G5A variant of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) as a live attenuated immersion VHSV vaccine in olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus )

Abstract Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is the causative agent of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, a disease that affects a number of teleost fish species including olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ). In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of two recombinant attenu...

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