Characterization and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban atmospheric Particulate of Tehran, Iran
In this study, atmospheric concentrations of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tehran megacity were determined to investigate the concentration, distribution, and sources of PAHs in PM₁₀. The health risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq through inhalation pathway was also a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2016-01, Vol.23 (2), p.1820-1832 |
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| creator | Hoseini, Mohammad Yunesian, Masud Nabizadeh, Ramin Yaghmaeian, Kamyar Ahmadkhaniha, Reza Rastkari, Noushin Parmy, Saeid Faridi, Sasan Rafiee, Ata Naddafi, Kazem |
| description | In this study, atmospheric concentrations of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tehran megacity were determined to investigate the concentration, distribution, and sources of PAHs in PM₁₀. The health risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq through inhalation pathway was also assessed. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) approach was used for quantitative risk estimate, and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was calculated. PM₁₀ samples were collected at ten sampling locations during the summer 2013 and winter 2014 by using two independent methods of field sampling. The PM₁₀ concentration in winter (89.55 ± 15.56 μg m⁻³) was 1.19 times higher than that in summer (75.42 ± 14.93 μg m⁻³). Sixteen PAHs were measured with the total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 56.98 ± 15.91 to 110.35 ± 57.31 ng m⁻³ in summer and from 125.87 ± 79.02 to 171.25 ± 73.94 ng m⁻³ in winter which were much higher than concentrations measured in most similar studies conducted around the world. Molecular diagnostic ratios were used to identify PAH emission sources. The results indicated that gasoline-driven vehicles are the major sources of PAHs in the study area. Risk analysis showed that the mean and 90 % probability estimated inhalation ILCRs were 7.85 × 10⁻⁶ and 16.78 × 10⁻⁶, respectively. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicated that BaP concentration and cancer slope factor (CSF) contributed most to effect on ILCR mean. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-015-5355-0 |
| format | Article |
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The health risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq through inhalation pathway was also assessed. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) approach was used for quantitative risk estimate, and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was calculated. PM₁₀ samples were collected at ten sampling locations during the summer 2013 and winter 2014 by using two independent methods of field sampling. The PM₁₀ concentration in winter (89.55 ± 15.56 μg m⁻³) was 1.19 times higher than that in summer (75.42 ± 14.93 μg m⁻³). Sixteen PAHs were measured with the total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 56.98 ± 15.91 to 110.35 ± 57.31 ng m⁻³ in summer and from 125.87 ± 79.02 to 171.25 ± 73.94 ng m⁻³ in winter which were much higher than concentrations measured in most similar studies conducted around the world. Molecular diagnostic ratios were used to identify PAH emission sources. The results indicated that gasoline-driven vehicles are the major sources of PAHs in the study area. Risk analysis showed that the mean and 90 % probability estimated inhalation ILCRs were 7.85 × 10⁻⁶ and 16.78 × 10⁻⁶, respectively. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicated that BaP concentration and cancer slope factor (CSF) contributed most to effect on ILCR mean.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5355-0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26400241</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Air pollution ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; breathing ; Cities ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure - analysis ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental research ; Gasoline ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Iran ; Laboratories ; Land pollution ; Megacities ; Monte Carlo simulation ; neoplasms ; Organic chemicals ; Outdoor air quality ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Particulate Matter - toxicity ; Pollutants ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity ; Public health ; Remediation ; Research Article ; risk ; Risk analysis ; Risk Assessment ; risk estimate ; Sampling ; Seasons ; Sensitivity analysis ; Summer ; Toxicity ; Urban areas ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Winter</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016-01, Vol.23 (2), p.1820-1832</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c606t-4d4793fb63fb4ce1da1e97881d7ca632f978586aa9a70c8b67ae7e5f27c963c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c606t-4d4793fb63fb4ce1da1e97881d7ca632f978586aa9a70c8b67ae7e5f27c963c03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-015-5355-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-015-5355-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26400241$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hoseini, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yunesian, Masud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nabizadeh, Ramin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yaghmaeian, Kamyar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadkhaniha, Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rastkari, Noushin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parmy, Saeid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faridi, Sasan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafiee, Ata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naddafi, Kazem</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban atmospheric Particulate of Tehran, Iran</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>In this study, atmospheric concentrations of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tehran megacity were determined to investigate the concentration, distribution, and sources of PAHs in PM₁₀. The health risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq through inhalation pathway was also assessed. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) approach was used for quantitative risk estimate, and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was calculated. PM₁₀ samples were collected at ten sampling locations during the summer 2013 and winter 2014 by using two independent methods of field sampling. The PM₁₀ concentration in winter (89.55 ± 15.56 μg m⁻³) was 1.19 times higher than that in summer (75.42 ± 14.93 μg m⁻³). Sixteen PAHs were measured with the total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 56.98 ± 15.91 to 110.35 ± 57.31 ng m⁻³ in summer and from 125.87 ± 79.02 to 171.25 ± 73.94 ng m⁻³ in winter which were much higher than concentrations measured in most similar studies conducted around the world. Molecular diagnostic ratios were used to identify PAH emission sources. The results indicated that gasoline-driven vehicles are the major sources of PAHs in the study area. Risk analysis showed that the mean and 90 % probability estimated inhalation ILCRs were 7.85 × 10⁻⁶ and 16.78 × 10⁻⁶, respectively. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicated that BaP concentration and cancer slope factor (CSF) contributed most to effect on ILCR mean.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>breathing</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental research</subject><subject>Gasoline</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Land pollution</subject><subject>Megacities</subject><subject>Monte Carlo simulation</subject><subject>neoplasms</subject><subject>Organic chemicals</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - toxicity</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis</subject><subject>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Remediation</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>risk estimate</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Sensitivity analysis</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Winter</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkd1r1TAYh4Mo7mz6B3ijgd1MsJq3SZPmchymGwwcuF2Ht2m609kmx6S9OF75p5vSKeKFCPkg5HmffPwIeQXsPTCmPiQAXsmCQVVUvKoK9oRsQIIolND6KdkwLUQBXIgjcpzSA2Ml06V6To5KKfJCwIb82O4wop1c7L_j1AdP0bc09ukrxZRcSqPzEw0d3YfhYA926C3FGMbMWro7tDFYjE3wiZ7dnF-mt7T3dI4NZs80hrTfZbGlNxgzPw84ucV163YR_Tt6lccX5FmHQ3IvH-cTcvfx4nZ7WVx__nS1Pb8urGRyKkQrlOZdI3MX1kGL4LSqa2iVRcnLLi-qWiJqVMzWjVTolKu6UlktuWX8hJyt3n0M32aXJjP2ybphQO_CnAwoWVe5lfJ_0OUfa7mgp3-hD2GOPj8kU3UtGc9wpmClbAwpRdeZfexHjAcDzCxJmjVJk5M0S5Jmue_rR_PcjK79XfErugyUK5Dylr938Y-j_2F9sxZ1GAze55zN3ZeSgWQMOGim-E-vCLJ1</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>Hoseini, Mohammad</creator><creator>Yunesian, Masud</creator><creator>Nabizadeh, Ramin</creator><creator>Yaghmaeian, Kamyar</creator><creator>Ahmadkhaniha, Reza</creator><creator>Rastkari, Noushin</creator><creator>Parmy, Saeid</creator><creator>Faridi, Sasan</creator><creator>Rafiee, Ata</creator><creator>Naddafi, Kazem</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Characterization and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban atmospheric Particulate of Tehran, Iran</title><author>Hoseini, Mohammad ; Yunesian, Masud ; Nabizadeh, Ramin ; Yaghmaeian, Kamyar ; Ahmadkhaniha, Reza ; Rastkari, Noushin ; Parmy, Saeid ; Faridi, Sasan ; Rafiee, Ata ; Naddafi, Kazem</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c606t-4d4793fb63fb4ce1da1e97881d7ca632f978586aa9a70c8b67ae7e5f27c963c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Air Pollutants - 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The health risk from exposure to airborne BaPeq through inhalation pathway was also assessed. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) approach was used for quantitative risk estimate, and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was calculated. PM₁₀ samples were collected at ten sampling locations during the summer 2013 and winter 2014 by using two independent methods of field sampling. The PM₁₀ concentration in winter (89.55 ± 15.56 μg m⁻³) was 1.19 times higher than that in summer (75.42 ± 14.93 μg m⁻³). Sixteen PAHs were measured with the total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 56.98 ± 15.91 to 110.35 ± 57.31 ng m⁻³ in summer and from 125.87 ± 79.02 to 171.25 ± 73.94 ng m⁻³ in winter which were much higher than concentrations measured in most similar studies conducted around the world. Molecular diagnostic ratios were used to identify PAH emission sources. The results indicated that gasoline-driven vehicles are the major sources of PAHs in the study area. Risk analysis showed that the mean and 90 % probability estimated inhalation ILCRs were 7.85 × 10⁻⁶ and 16.78 × 10⁻⁶, respectively. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicated that BaP concentration and cancer slope factor (CSF) contributed most to effect on ILCR mean.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>26400241</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-015-5355-0</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - toxicity Air pollution Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution breathing Cities Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Exposure - analysis Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Environmental research Gasoline Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Inhalation Iran Laboratories Land pollution Megacities Monte Carlo simulation neoplasms Organic chemicals Outdoor air quality Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Particulate Matter - toxicity Pollutants Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - toxicity Public health Remediation Research Article risk Risk analysis Risk Assessment risk estimate Sampling Seasons Sensitivity analysis Summer Toxicity Urban areas Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Winter |
| title | Characterization and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban atmospheric Particulate of Tehran, Iran |
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