Nanotopography of synthetic and natural dolomite crystals
Examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM) revealed etch pits, layers and islands on dolomite crystal faces synthesized from calcite in Ca‐Mg‐Cl solutions at 200 °C and a wide variety of natural dolomites. Layers are broad, flat structures bounded by step...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sedimentology 2000-02, Vol.47 (1), p.173-186 |
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| creator | Kessels, Lisa A. Sibley, Duncan F. Nordeng, Stephan H. |
| description | Examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM) revealed etch pits, layers and islands on dolomite crystal faces synthesized from calcite in Ca‐Mg‐Cl solutions at 200 °C and a wide variety of natural dolomites. Layers are broad, flat structures bounded by steps less than 100 nm high and greater than 1 μm wide. Islands are rounded topographic highs |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00287.x |
| format | Article |
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Layers are broad, flat structures bounded by steps less than 100 nm high and greater than 1 μm wide. Islands are rounded topographic highs <20 nm high and <200 nm wide. The nanotopography of synthetic dolomite changed from islands throughout most of the reaction to layers at 100% dolomite. Island nanotopography formed on both Ca‐rich and near‐stoichiometric dolomite. Analyses of reaction products from dolomite synthesis indicates that there are no SFM‐detectable products formed in <10 h. SEM‐detectable products formed in 15 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD)‐detectable products formed in ≈18 h, and the reaction went to completion in ≈40 h. Based on SFM analyses, the induction period for dolomitization in these experiments accounts for ≈20% of the total reaction time necessary to dolomitize CaCO3 completely under the experimental conditions used here. Island nano‐ topography is inferred to occur at higher degrees of supersaturation than layer nanotopography for three reasons. First, island nanotopography on synthetic calcite and gypsum forms at higher supersaturations than layer nanotopography. Secondly, island nanotopography formed in solutions with higher degrees of supersaturation with respect to dolomite. Thirdly, the greater surface roughness of a crystal face composed of islands compared with layers indicates that island surfaces have higher surface energy than layer surfaces. Therefore, the stability of island surfaces requires a higher degree of supersaturation. Because islands and layers form under a wide range of conditions, their presence provides broadly applicable criteria for evaluating relative degrees of supersaturation under which ancient dolomite formed. Comparison of synthetic dolomites with natural dolomites demonstrates (1) similar nanotopography on natural and synthetic dolomites and (2) both natural planar and non‐planar dolomite may have island nanotopography.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0037-0746</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-3091</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00287.x</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Crystal growth ; crystal surfaces ; dolomitization ; Marine ; nanotopography ; scanning force microscopy (SFM)</subject><ispartof>Sedimentology, 2000-02, Vol.47 (1), p.173-186</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4027-d03bf6ca9f9c38e42066fab783e9b8ba9b89228c1e2245788247b2e7dd6f0fdd3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3091.2000.00287.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3091.2000.00287.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kessels, Lisa A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sibley, Duncan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordeng, Stephan H.</creatorcontrib><title>Nanotopography of synthetic and natural dolomite crystals</title><title>Sedimentology</title><description>Examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM) revealed etch pits, layers and islands on dolomite crystal faces synthesized from calcite in Ca‐Mg‐Cl solutions at 200 °C and a wide variety of natural dolomites. Layers are broad, flat structures bounded by steps less than 100 nm high and greater than 1 μm wide. Islands are rounded topographic highs <20 nm high and <200 nm wide. The nanotopography of synthetic dolomite changed from islands throughout most of the reaction to layers at 100% dolomite. Island nanotopography formed on both Ca‐rich and near‐stoichiometric dolomite. Analyses of reaction products from dolomite synthesis indicates that there are no SFM‐detectable products formed in <10 h. SEM‐detectable products formed in 15 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD)‐detectable products formed in ≈18 h, and the reaction went to completion in ≈40 h. Based on SFM analyses, the induction period for dolomitization in these experiments accounts for ≈20% of the total reaction time necessary to dolomitize CaCO3 completely under the experimental conditions used here. Island nano‐ topography is inferred to occur at higher degrees of supersaturation than layer nanotopography for three reasons. First, island nanotopography on synthetic calcite and gypsum forms at higher supersaturations than layer nanotopography. Secondly, island nanotopography formed in solutions with higher degrees of supersaturation with respect to dolomite. Thirdly, the greater surface roughness of a crystal face composed of islands compared with layers indicates that island surfaces have higher surface energy than layer surfaces. Therefore, the stability of island surfaces requires a higher degree of supersaturation. Because islands and layers form under a wide range of conditions, their presence provides broadly applicable criteria for evaluating relative degrees of supersaturation under which ancient dolomite formed. Comparison of synthetic dolomites with natural dolomites demonstrates (1) similar nanotopography on natural and synthetic dolomites and (2) both natural planar and non‐planar dolomite may have island nanotopography.</description><subject>Crystal growth</subject><subject>crystal surfaces</subject><subject>dolomitization</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>nanotopography</subject><subject>scanning force microscopy (SFM)</subject><issn>0037-0746</issn><issn>1365-3091</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkE1PwzAMhiMEEmPwH3ri1uIkbZJKXNAYG9I0xJd2jNI2ZR1dU5JMrP-ejqKdufi1ZD-W9SAUYIgwxOxmE2HKkpBCiiMCABEAETzan6DRcXCKRgCUh8Bjdo4unNsAYBaLdITSpWqMN635sKpdd4EpA9c1fq19lQeqKYJG-Z1VdVCY2mwrr4Pcds6r2l2is7IPffWXY_T-MH2bzMPF0-xxcrcIVQyEhwXQrGS5Sss0p0LHBBgrVcYF1WkmMtWXlBCRY01InHAhSMwzonlRsBLKoqBjdD3cba352mnn5bZyua5r1WizcxJzximLk35RDIu5Nc5ZXcrWVltlO4lBHlzJjTwokQcl8uBK_rqS-x69HdDvqtbdvzn5Or3vmx4PB7xyXu-PuLKfsv-NJ3K1nEn6smIY5s-S0B_RQH8H</recordid><startdate>200002</startdate><enddate>200002</enddate><creator>Kessels, Lisa A.</creator><creator>Sibley, Duncan F.</creator><creator>Nordeng, Stephan H.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200002</creationdate><title>Nanotopography of synthetic and natural dolomite crystals</title><author>Kessels, Lisa A. ; Sibley, Duncan F. ; Nordeng, Stephan H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4027-d03bf6ca9f9c38e42066fab783e9b8ba9b89228c1e2245788247b2e7dd6f0fdd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Crystal growth</topic><topic>crystal surfaces</topic><topic>dolomitization</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>nanotopography</topic><topic>scanning force microscopy (SFM)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kessels, Lisa A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sibley, Duncan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nordeng, Stephan H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Sedimentology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kessels, Lisa A.</au><au>Sibley, Duncan F.</au><au>Nordeng, Stephan H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nanotopography of synthetic and natural dolomite crystals</atitle><jtitle>Sedimentology</jtitle><date>2000-02</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>173</spage><epage>186</epage><pages>173-186</pages><issn>0037-0746</issn><eissn>1365-3091</eissn><abstract>Examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning force microscopy (SFM) revealed etch pits, layers and islands on dolomite crystal faces synthesized from calcite in Ca‐Mg‐Cl solutions at 200 °C and a wide variety of natural dolomites. Layers are broad, flat structures bounded by steps less than 100 nm high and greater than 1 μm wide. Islands are rounded topographic highs <20 nm high and <200 nm wide. The nanotopography of synthetic dolomite changed from islands throughout most of the reaction to layers at 100% dolomite. Island nanotopography formed on both Ca‐rich and near‐stoichiometric dolomite. Analyses of reaction products from dolomite synthesis indicates that there are no SFM‐detectable products formed in <10 h. SEM‐detectable products formed in 15 h. X‐ray diffraction (XRD)‐detectable products formed in ≈18 h, and the reaction went to completion in ≈40 h. Based on SFM analyses, the induction period for dolomitization in these experiments accounts for ≈20% of the total reaction time necessary to dolomitize CaCO3 completely under the experimental conditions used here. Island nano‐ topography is inferred to occur at higher degrees of supersaturation than layer nanotopography for three reasons. First, island nanotopography on synthetic calcite and gypsum forms at higher supersaturations than layer nanotopography. Secondly, island nanotopography formed in solutions with higher degrees of supersaturation with respect to dolomite. Thirdly, the greater surface roughness of a crystal face composed of islands compared with layers indicates that island surfaces have higher surface energy than layer surfaces. Therefore, the stability of island surfaces requires a higher degree of supersaturation. Because islands and layers form under a wide range of conditions, their presence provides broadly applicable criteria for evaluating relative degrees of supersaturation under which ancient dolomite formed. Comparison of synthetic dolomites with natural dolomites demonstrates (1) similar nanotopography on natural and synthetic dolomites and (2) both natural planar and non‐planar dolomite may have island nanotopography.</abstract><cop>Oxford UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00287.x</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Sedimentology, 2000-02, Vol.47 (1), p.173-186 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Crystal growth crystal surfaces dolomitization Marine nanotopography scanning force microscopy (SFM) |
| title | Nanotopography of synthetic and natural dolomite crystals |
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