Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event
Based on the eddy covariance measurements from June 2011 to December 2013, the seasonal variations and the controls of water and CO 2 fluxes were investigated over an alpine meadow in Lijiang, southwest China. The year 2012 had the largest total precipitation among years from 2011 to 2013 (1037.9, 1...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of biometeorology 2016-02, Vol.60 (2), p.195-205 |
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| creator | Wang, Lei Liu, Huizhi Sun, Jihua Feng, Jianwu |
| description | Based on the eddy covariance measurements from June 2011 to December 2013, the seasonal variations and the controls of water and CO
2
fluxes were investigated over an alpine meadow in Lijiang, southwest China. The year 2012 had the largest total precipitation among years from 2011 to 2013 (1037.9, 1190.4, and 1066.1 mm, respectively). A spring drought event occurred from March to May 2012, and the peak normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 2012 was the lowest. Throughout the whole year, net radiation (
R
n
), vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature (
T
a
) were the primary controls on evapotranspiration (ET), and
R
n
is the most important factor. The influence of
R
n
on ET was much more in the wet season (
R
2
= 0.93) than in the dry season (
R
2
= 0.28). In the wet season, the ratio of ET to equilibrium ET (ET
eq
) (0.92 ± 0.14; mean ± S.D.) did not show a clear seasonal pattern with NDVI when the soil water content (SWC) was usually more than 0.25 m
3
m
−3
, indicating that ET could be predicted well by ET
eq
(or radiation and temperature). On half-hourly and daily scales, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature were the main meteorological factors in determining the net ecosystem production (NEP). The seasonal trends of NEP were closely related with the change of NDVI. The integrated NEP in the 2012 wet season (157.8 g C m
−2
year
−1
) was 19.5 and 23.8 % lower than in the 2011 and 2013 wet season (207.0 and 196.1 g C m
−2
year
−1
). The mean ET/ET
eq
for each of the wet seasons from 2011 to 2013 was 0.88. The 2012 spring drought and its reduction in NDVI decreased the total NEP significantly but had little effect on the total ET in the wet season. The different response of NEP and ET to the spring drought was attributed to the high SWC and small vapor pressure deficit during the wet season. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00484-015-1016-8 |
| format | Article |
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2
fluxes were investigated over an alpine meadow in Lijiang, southwest China. The year 2012 had the largest total precipitation among years from 2011 to 2013 (1037.9, 1190.4, and 1066.1 mm, respectively). A spring drought event occurred from March to May 2012, and the peak normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 2012 was the lowest. Throughout the whole year, net radiation (
R
n
), vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature (
T
a
) were the primary controls on evapotranspiration (ET), and
R
n
is the most important factor. The influence of
R
n
on ET was much more in the wet season (
R
2
= 0.93) than in the dry season (
R
2
= 0.28). In the wet season, the ratio of ET to equilibrium ET (ET
eq
) (0.92 ± 0.14; mean ± S.D.) did not show a clear seasonal pattern with NDVI when the soil water content (SWC) was usually more than 0.25 m
3
m
−3
, indicating that ET could be predicted well by ET
eq
(or radiation and temperature). On half-hourly and daily scales, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature were the main meteorological factors in determining the net ecosystem production (NEP). The seasonal trends of NEP were closely related with the change of NDVI. The integrated NEP in the 2012 wet season (157.8 g C m
−2
year
−1
) was 19.5 and 23.8 % lower than in the 2011 and 2013 wet season (207.0 and 196.1 g C m
−2
year
−1
). The mean ET/ET
eq
for each of the wet seasons from 2011 to 2013 was 0.88. The 2012 spring drought and its reduction in NDVI decreased the total NEP significantly but had little effect on the total ET in the wet season. The different response of NEP and ET to the spring drought was attributed to the high SWC and small vapor pressure deficit during the wet season.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7128</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1016-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26059924</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Animal Physiology ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biophysics ; Carbon cycle ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide - analysis ; China ; Drought ; Droughts ; Dry season ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Health ; Evapotranspiration ; Grassland ; Grasslands ; Hydrology ; Meadows ; Meteorology ; Moisture content ; Net radiation ; Original Paper ; Plant Physiology ; Rainy season ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Soil water ; Spring ; Temperature ; Terrestrial ecosystems ; Vapor pressure ; Water - analysis ; Water content</subject><ispartof>International journal of biometeorology, 2016-02, Vol.60 (2), p.195-205</ispartof><rights>ISB 2015</rights><rights>ISB 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-a80014d83db5429ff2a771994286ca106f1a1709057c53886e6970c163bce7933</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-a80014d83db5429ff2a771994286ca106f1a1709057c53886e6970c163bce7933</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-015-1016-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00484-015-1016-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26059924$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Jianwu</creatorcontrib><title>Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event</title><title>International journal of biometeorology</title><addtitle>Int J Biometeorol</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Biometeorol</addtitle><description>Based on the eddy covariance measurements from June 2011 to December 2013, the seasonal variations and the controls of water and CO
2
fluxes were investigated over an alpine meadow in Lijiang, southwest China. The year 2012 had the largest total precipitation among years from 2011 to 2013 (1037.9, 1190.4, and 1066.1 mm, respectively). A spring drought event occurred from March to May 2012, and the peak normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 2012 was the lowest. Throughout the whole year, net radiation (
R
n
), vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature (
T
a
) were the primary controls on evapotranspiration (ET), and
R
n
is the most important factor. The influence of
R
n
on ET was much more in the wet season (
R
2
= 0.93) than in the dry season (
R
2
= 0.28). In the wet season, the ratio of ET to equilibrium ET (ET
eq
) (0.92 ± 0.14; mean ± S.D.) did not show a clear seasonal pattern with NDVI when the soil water content (SWC) was usually more than 0.25 m
3
m
−3
, indicating that ET could be predicted well by ET
eq
(or radiation and temperature). On half-hourly and daily scales, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature were the main meteorological factors in determining the net ecosystem production (NEP). The seasonal trends of NEP were closely related with the change of NDVI. The integrated NEP in the 2012 wet season (157.8 g C m
−2
year
−1
) was 19.5 and 23.8 % lower than in the 2011 and 2013 wet season (207.0 and 196.1 g C m
−2
year
−1
). The mean ET/ET
eq
for each of the wet seasons from 2011 to 2013 was 0.88. The 2012 spring drought and its reduction in NDVI decreased the total NEP significantly but had little effect on the total ET in the wet season. The different response of NEP and ET to the spring drought was attributed to the high SWC and small vapor pressure deficit during the wet season.</description><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Animal Physiology</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Carbon cycle</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - analysis</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Droughts</subject><subject>Dry season</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Grassland</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Meadows</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Net radiation</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Plant Physiology</subject><subject>Rainy season</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Spring</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Terrestrial ecosystems</subject><subject>Vapor pressure</subject><subject>Water - analysis</subject><subject>Water content</subject><issn>0020-7128</issn><issn>1432-1254</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUtv1DAURi1ERactP4ANssSGTeBex88lGhWKVIkNVZeWx3E6qRJ7aidt-fckTUEICYmVFz73u49DyBuEDwigPhYArnkFKCoElJV-QTbIa1YhE_wl2QAwqBQyfUxOSrmFuUZL9YocMwnCGMY35O7ajSFTFxvqXd6lSJsuPXZNoG0_PYZC0_3TN3X9oYuBDsE16YF2kZY0jfuHUEa63XfRPUWM-0C74eD8SFNLHS2H3MUb2uQ03exHGu5DHM_IUev6El4_v6fk6vP59-1Fdfnty9ftp8vKC45j5TQA8kbXzU5wZtqWOaXQGM609A5BtuhQgQGhvKi1lkEaBR5lvfNBmbo-Je_X3ENOd9M8px264kPfuxjSVCwqKYwWNdP_g7Kaa8HUjL77C71NU47zIguFM8f40htXyudUSg6tnQ8xuPzDIthFnV3V2VmdXdTZZYi3z8nTbgjN74pfrmaArcB61ZD_aP3P1J8NaKGz</recordid><startdate>20160201</startdate><enddate>20160201</enddate><creator>Wang, Lei</creator><creator>Liu, Huizhi</creator><creator>Sun, Jihua</creator><creator>Feng, Jianwu</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88F</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M1Q</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160201</creationdate><title>Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event</title><author>Wang, Lei ; Liu, Huizhi ; Sun, Jihua ; Feng, Jianwu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-a80014d83db5429ff2a771994286ca106f1a1709057c53886e6970c163bce7933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Animal Physiology</topic><topic>Biological and Medical Physics</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Carbon cycle</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide - analysis</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Droughts</topic><topic>Dry season</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Grassland</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Meadows</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Net radiation</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Plant Physiology</topic><topic>Rainy season</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>Spring</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Terrestrial ecosystems</topic><topic>Vapor pressure</topic><topic>Water - analysis</topic><topic>Water content</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huizhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jihua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Jianwu</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Military Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Military Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of biometeorology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Lei</au><au>Liu, Huizhi</au><au>Sun, Jihua</au><au>Feng, Jianwu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event</atitle><jtitle>International journal of biometeorology</jtitle><stitle>Int J Biometeorol</stitle><addtitle>Int J Biometeorol</addtitle><date>2016-02-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>195</spage><epage>205</epage><pages>195-205</pages><issn>0020-7128</issn><eissn>1432-1254</eissn><abstract>Based on the eddy covariance measurements from June 2011 to December 2013, the seasonal variations and the controls of water and CO
2
fluxes were investigated over an alpine meadow in Lijiang, southwest China. The year 2012 had the largest total precipitation among years from 2011 to 2013 (1037.9, 1190.4, and 1066.1 mm, respectively). A spring drought event occurred from March to May 2012, and the peak normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 2012 was the lowest. Throughout the whole year, net radiation (
R
n
), vapor pressure deficit, and air temperature (
T
a
) were the primary controls on evapotranspiration (ET), and
R
n
is the most important factor. The influence of
R
n
on ET was much more in the wet season (
R
2
= 0.93) than in the dry season (
R
2
= 0.28). In the wet season, the ratio of ET to equilibrium ET (ET
eq
) (0.92 ± 0.14; mean ± S.D.) did not show a clear seasonal pattern with NDVI when the soil water content (SWC) was usually more than 0.25 m
3
m
−3
, indicating that ET could be predicted well by ET
eq
(or radiation and temperature). On half-hourly and daily scales, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature were the main meteorological factors in determining the net ecosystem production (NEP). The seasonal trends of NEP were closely related with the change of NDVI. The integrated NEP in the 2012 wet season (157.8 g C m
−2
year
−1
) was 19.5 and 23.8 % lower than in the 2011 and 2013 wet season (207.0 and 196.1 g C m
−2
year
−1
). The mean ET/ET
eq
for each of the wet seasons from 2011 to 2013 was 0.88. The 2012 spring drought and its reduction in NDVI decreased the total NEP significantly but had little effect on the total ET in the wet season. The different response of NEP and ET to the spring drought was attributed to the high SWC and small vapor pressure deficit during the wet season.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>26059924</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00484-015-1016-8</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| issn | 0020-7128 1432-1254 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Air temperature Animal Physiology Biological and Medical Physics Biophysics Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis China Drought Droughts Dry season Earth and Environmental Science Ecosystem Environment Environmental Health Evapotranspiration Grassland Grasslands Hydrology Meadows Meteorology Moisture content Net radiation Original Paper Plant Physiology Rainy season Seasonal variations Seasons Soil water Spring Temperature Terrestrial ecosystems Vapor pressure Water - analysis Water content |
| title | Water and carbon dioxide fluxes over an alpine meadow in southwest China and the impact of a spring drought event |
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