Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebellum: Considerations for Assessing Cerebellar Ataxias

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is of high interest for diagnosing and understanding degenerative ataxias. Here, we present state-of-the-art MRI methods to characterize structural alterations of the cerebellum and introduce initial experiments to show abnormalities in the cerebellar nu...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Cerebellum (London, England) England), 2016-02, Vol.15 (1), p.21-25
Hauptverfasser: Deistung, Andreas, Stefanescu, Maria R., Ernst, Thomas M., Schlamann, Marc, Ladd, Mark E., Reichenbach, Jürgen R., Timmann, Dagmar
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 25
container_issue 1
container_start_page 21
container_title Cerebellum (London, England)
container_volume 15
creator Deistung, Andreas
Stefanescu, Maria R.
Ernst, Thomas M.
Schlamann, Marc
Ladd, Mark E.
Reichenbach, Jürgen R.
Timmann, Dagmar
description Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is of high interest for diagnosing and understanding degenerative ataxias. Here, we present state-of-the-art MRI methods to characterize structural alterations of the cerebellum and introduce initial experiments to show abnormalities in the cerebellar nuclei. Clinically, T 1 -weighted MR images are used to assess atrophy of the cerebellar cortex, the brainstem, and the spinal cord, whereas T 2 -weighted and PD-weighted images are typically employed to depict potential white matter lesions that may be associated with certain types of ataxias. More recently, attention has also focused on the characterization of the cerebellar nuclei, which are discernible on spatially highly resolved iron-sensitive MR images due to their relatively high iron content, including T 2 * -weighted images, susceptibility-weighted images (SWI), effective transverse relaxation rate (R 2 * ) maps, and quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM). Among these iron-sensitive techniques, QSM reveals the best contrast between cerebellar nuclei and their surroundings. In particular, the gyrification of the dentate nuclei is prominently depicted, even at the clinically widely available field strength of 3 T. The linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and local iron content allows for determination of iron deposition in cerebellar nuclei non-invasively. The increased signal-to-noise ratio of ultrahigh-field MRI (B 0  ≥ 7 T) and advances in spatial normalization methods enable functional MRI (fMRI) at the level of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei. Data from initial fMRI studies are presented in three common forms of hereditary ataxias (Friedreich’s ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6). Characteristic changes in the fMRI signal are discussed in the light of histopathological data and current knowledge of the underlying physiology of the fMRI signal in the cerebellum.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s12311-015-0738-9
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1765976813</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1760890847</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-c3a4dea255d29ea52bc657b698401535900cffe9950f66da3be0542cd8b0cb603</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU9P3DAQxa2qCOiWD9ALstQLl5SxHTsxN7SCFglUqX_OluNMtkEbBzyJ2n57HC2gqhISJ9vj33v2zGPsg4BPAqA6JSGVEAUIXUCl6sK-YYeirFRRSgVvn_dSHrB3RLcAUkJZ7bMDabQUWXLIfn-f0hymOfkt97Hll3MMUz_GfLzxm4hTH_g3pFyIAfnV4Dd93PCx49Mv5GtM2OB2Ow9nfD1G6ltMflET78bEz4mQaOGfQJ-Lk__Te3rP9jq_JTx6XFfs5-XFj_WX4vrr56v1-XURdCmmIihftuil1q206LVsgtFVY2xd5q6VtgCh69BaDZ0xrVcNgi5laOsGQmNArdjJzvcujfcz0uSGnsLylYjjTE5URtvK1EK9BoXaQp2HumIf_0NvxznloS2UthaM1CZTYkeFNBIl7Nxd6gef_joBbgnQ7QJ0uRW3BOhs1hw_Os_NgO2z4imxDMgdQPkqbjD98_SLrg84e6X5</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1759906256</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebellum: Considerations for Assessing Cerebellar Ataxias</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Deistung, Andreas ; Stefanescu, Maria R. ; Ernst, Thomas M. ; Schlamann, Marc ; Ladd, Mark E. ; Reichenbach, Jürgen R. ; Timmann, Dagmar</creator><creatorcontrib>Deistung, Andreas ; Stefanescu, Maria R. ; Ernst, Thomas M. ; Schlamann, Marc ; Ladd, Mark E. ; Reichenbach, Jürgen R. ; Timmann, Dagmar</creatorcontrib><description>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is of high interest for diagnosing and understanding degenerative ataxias. Here, we present state-of-the-art MRI methods to characterize structural alterations of the cerebellum and introduce initial experiments to show abnormalities in the cerebellar nuclei. Clinically, T 1 -weighted MR images are used to assess atrophy of the cerebellar cortex, the brainstem, and the spinal cord, whereas T 2 -weighted and PD-weighted images are typically employed to depict potential white matter lesions that may be associated with certain types of ataxias. More recently, attention has also focused on the characterization of the cerebellar nuclei, which are discernible on spatially highly resolved iron-sensitive MR images due to their relatively high iron content, including T 2 * -weighted images, susceptibility-weighted images (SWI), effective transverse relaxation rate (R 2 * ) maps, and quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM). Among these iron-sensitive techniques, QSM reveals the best contrast between cerebellar nuclei and their surroundings. In particular, the gyrification of the dentate nuclei is prominently depicted, even at the clinically widely available field strength of 3 T. The linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and local iron content allows for determination of iron deposition in cerebellar nuclei non-invasively. The increased signal-to-noise ratio of ultrahigh-field MRI (B 0  ≥ 7 T) and advances in spatial normalization methods enable functional MRI (fMRI) at the level of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei. Data from initial fMRI studies are presented in three common forms of hereditary ataxias (Friedreich’s ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6). Characteristic changes in the fMRI signal are discussed in the light of histopathological data and current knowledge of the underlying physiology of the fMRI signal in the cerebellum.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1473-4222</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1473-4230</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0738-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26521073</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cerebellar Ataxia - pathology ; Cerebellum - blood supply ; Cerebellum - pathology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurobiology ; Neurology ; Neurosciences ; Oxygen - blood ; Review</subject><ispartof>Cerebellum (London, England), 2016-02, Vol.15 (1), p.21-25</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-c3a4dea255d29ea52bc657b698401535900cffe9950f66da3be0542cd8b0cb603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-c3a4dea255d29ea52bc657b698401535900cffe9950f66da3be0542cd8b0cb603</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2427-1302</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12311-015-0738-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12311-015-0738-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>313,314,780,784,792,27922,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26521073$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Deistung, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefanescu, Maria R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ernst, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlamann, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ladd, Mark E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reichenbach, Jürgen R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timmann, Dagmar</creatorcontrib><title>Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebellum: Considerations for Assessing Cerebellar Ataxias</title><title>Cerebellum (London, England)</title><addtitle>Cerebellum</addtitle><addtitle>Cerebellum</addtitle><description>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is of high interest for diagnosing and understanding degenerative ataxias. Here, we present state-of-the-art MRI methods to characterize structural alterations of the cerebellum and introduce initial experiments to show abnormalities in the cerebellar nuclei. Clinically, T 1 -weighted MR images are used to assess atrophy of the cerebellar cortex, the brainstem, and the spinal cord, whereas T 2 -weighted and PD-weighted images are typically employed to depict potential white matter lesions that may be associated with certain types of ataxias. More recently, attention has also focused on the characterization of the cerebellar nuclei, which are discernible on spatially highly resolved iron-sensitive MR images due to their relatively high iron content, including T 2 * -weighted images, susceptibility-weighted images (SWI), effective transverse relaxation rate (R 2 * ) maps, and quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM). Among these iron-sensitive techniques, QSM reveals the best contrast between cerebellar nuclei and their surroundings. In particular, the gyrification of the dentate nuclei is prominently depicted, even at the clinically widely available field strength of 3 T. The linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and local iron content allows for determination of iron deposition in cerebellar nuclei non-invasively. The increased signal-to-noise ratio of ultrahigh-field MRI (B 0  ≥ 7 T) and advances in spatial normalization methods enable functional MRI (fMRI) at the level of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei. Data from initial fMRI studies are presented in three common forms of hereditary ataxias (Friedreich’s ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6). Characteristic changes in the fMRI signal are discussed in the light of histopathological data and current knowledge of the underlying physiology of the fMRI signal in the cerebellum.</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cerebellar Ataxia - pathology</subject><subject>Cerebellum - blood supply</subject><subject>Cerebellum - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Neurobiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Oxygen - blood</subject><subject>Review</subject><issn>1473-4222</issn><issn>1473-4230</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9P3DAQxa2qCOiWD9ALstQLl5SxHTsxN7SCFglUqX_OluNMtkEbBzyJ2n57HC2gqhISJ9vj33v2zGPsg4BPAqA6JSGVEAUIXUCl6sK-YYeirFRRSgVvn_dSHrB3RLcAUkJZ7bMDabQUWXLIfn-f0hymOfkt97Hll3MMUz_GfLzxm4hTH_g3pFyIAfnV4Dd93PCx49Mv5GtM2OB2Ow9nfD1G6ltMflET78bEz4mQaOGfQJ-Lk__Te3rP9jq_JTx6XFfs5-XFj_WX4vrr56v1-XURdCmmIihftuil1q206LVsgtFVY2xd5q6VtgCh69BaDZ0xrVcNgi5laOsGQmNArdjJzvcujfcz0uSGnsLylYjjTE5URtvK1EK9BoXaQp2HumIf_0NvxznloS2UthaM1CZTYkeFNBIl7Nxd6gef_joBbgnQ7QJ0uRW3BOhs1hw_Os_NgO2z4imxDMgdQPkqbjD98_SLrg84e6X5</recordid><startdate>20160201</startdate><enddate>20160201</enddate><creator>Deistung, Andreas</creator><creator>Stefanescu, Maria R.</creator><creator>Ernst, Thomas M.</creator><creator>Schlamann, Marc</creator><creator>Ladd, Mark E.</creator><creator>Reichenbach, Jürgen R.</creator><creator>Timmann, Dagmar</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-1302</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160201</creationdate><title>Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebellum: Considerations for Assessing Cerebellar Ataxias</title><author>Deistung, Andreas ; Stefanescu, Maria R. ; Ernst, Thomas M. ; Schlamann, Marc ; Ladd, Mark E. ; Reichenbach, Jürgen R. ; Timmann, Dagmar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-c3a4dea255d29ea52bc657b698401535900cffe9950f66da3be0542cd8b0cb603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cerebellar Ataxia - pathology</topic><topic>Cerebellum - blood supply</topic><topic>Cerebellum - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Neurobiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>Oxygen - blood</topic><topic>Review</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Deistung, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefanescu, Maria R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ernst, Thomas M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlamann, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ladd, Mark E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reichenbach, Jürgen R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timmann, Dagmar</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cerebellum (London, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Deistung, Andreas</au><au>Stefanescu, Maria R.</au><au>Ernst, Thomas M.</au><au>Schlamann, Marc</au><au>Ladd, Mark E.</au><au>Reichenbach, Jürgen R.</au><au>Timmann, Dagmar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebellum: Considerations for Assessing Cerebellar Ataxias</atitle><jtitle>Cerebellum (London, England)</jtitle><stitle>Cerebellum</stitle><addtitle>Cerebellum</addtitle><date>2016-02-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>21</spage><epage>25</epage><pages>21-25</pages><issn>1473-4222</issn><eissn>1473-4230</eissn><abstract>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is of high interest for diagnosing and understanding degenerative ataxias. Here, we present state-of-the-art MRI methods to characterize structural alterations of the cerebellum and introduce initial experiments to show abnormalities in the cerebellar nuclei. Clinically, T 1 -weighted MR images are used to assess atrophy of the cerebellar cortex, the brainstem, and the spinal cord, whereas T 2 -weighted and PD-weighted images are typically employed to depict potential white matter lesions that may be associated with certain types of ataxias. More recently, attention has also focused on the characterization of the cerebellar nuclei, which are discernible on spatially highly resolved iron-sensitive MR images due to their relatively high iron content, including T 2 * -weighted images, susceptibility-weighted images (SWI), effective transverse relaxation rate (R 2 * ) maps, and quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM). Among these iron-sensitive techniques, QSM reveals the best contrast between cerebellar nuclei and their surroundings. In particular, the gyrification of the dentate nuclei is prominently depicted, even at the clinically widely available field strength of 3 T. The linear relationship between magnetic susceptibility and local iron content allows for determination of iron deposition in cerebellar nuclei non-invasively. The increased signal-to-noise ratio of ultrahigh-field MRI (B 0  ≥ 7 T) and advances in spatial normalization methods enable functional MRI (fMRI) at the level of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei. Data from initial fMRI studies are presented in three common forms of hereditary ataxias (Friedreich’s ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6). Characteristic changes in the fMRI signal are discussed in the light of histopathological data and current knowledge of the underlying physiology of the fMRI signal in the cerebellum.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>26521073</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12311-015-0738-9</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-1302</orcidid></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1473-4222
ispartof Cerebellum (London, England), 2016-02, Vol.15 (1), p.21-25
issn 1473-4222
1473-4230
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1765976813
source MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals
subjects Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cerebellar Ataxia - pathology
Cerebellum - blood supply
Cerebellum - pathology
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Oxygen - blood
Review
title Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebellum: Considerations for Assessing Cerebellar Ataxias
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T14%3A16%3A52IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Structural%20and%20Functional%20Magnetic%20Resonance%20Imaging%20of%20the%20Cerebellum:%20Considerations%20for%20Assessing%20Cerebellar%20Ataxias&rft.jtitle=Cerebellum%20(London,%20England)&rft.au=Deistung,%20Andreas&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.epage=25&rft.pages=21-25&rft.issn=1473-4222&rft.eissn=1473-4230&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12311-015-0738-9&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1760890847%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1759906256&rft_id=info:pmid/26521073&rfr_iscdi=true