Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite

Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science & technology 2016-01, Vol.50 (2), p.924-931
Hauptverfasser: Li, Heng-Xiang, Getzinger, Gordon J, Ferguson, P. Lee, Orihuela, Beatriz, Zhu, Mei, Rittschof, Daniel
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container_end_page 931
container_issue 2
container_start_page 924
container_title Environmental science & technology
container_volume 50
creator Li, Heng-Xiang
Getzinger, Gordon J
Ferguson, P. Lee
Orihuela, Beatriz
Zhu, Mei
Rittschof, Daniel
description Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of recyclable plastics on larval survival and settlement of barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Leachates from plastics significantly increased barnacle nauplii mortality at the highest tested concentrations (0.10 and 0.50 m2/L). Hydrophobicity (measured as surface energy) was positively correlated with mortality indicating that plastic surface chemistry may be an important factor in the effects of plastics on sessile organisms. Plastic leachates significantly inhibited barnacle cyprids settlement on glass at all tested concentrations. Settlement on plastic surfaces was significantly inhibited after 24 and 48 h, but settlement was not significantly inhibited compared to the controls for some plastics after 72–96 h. In 24 h exposure to seawater, we found larval toxicity and inhibition of settlement with all seven categories of recyclable commercial plastics. Chemical analysis revealed a complex mixture of substances released in plastic leachates. Leaching of toxic compounds from all plastics should be considered when assessing the risks of plastic pollution.
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acs.est.5b02781
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subjects Amphitrite
Animals
Chemical contaminants
Habitats
Larva - drug effects
Leachates
Marine
Plastic pollution
Plastics
Plastics - chemistry
Plastics - toxicity
Risk assessment
Seawater
Seawater - chemistry
Settlements & damages
Thoracica - drug effects
Toxicity
Toxicity Tests
title Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite
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