Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite
Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2016-01, Vol.50 (2), p.924-931 |
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creator | Li, Heng-Xiang Getzinger, Gordon J Ferguson, P. Lee Orihuela, Beatriz Zhu, Mei Rittschof, Daniel |
description | Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of recyclable plastics on larval survival and settlement of barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Leachates from plastics significantly increased barnacle nauplii mortality at the highest tested concentrations (0.10 and 0.50 m2/L). Hydrophobicity (measured as surface energy) was positively correlated with mortality indicating that plastic surface chemistry may be an important factor in the effects of plastics on sessile organisms. Plastic leachates significantly inhibited barnacle cyprids settlement on glass at all tested concentrations. Settlement on plastic surfaces was significantly inhibited after 24 and 48 h, but settlement was not significantly inhibited compared to the controls for some plastics after 72–96 h. In 24 h exposure to seawater, we found larval toxicity and inhibition of settlement with all seven categories of recyclable commercial plastics. Chemical analysis revealed a complex mixture of substances released in plastic leachates. Leaching of toxic compounds from all plastics should be considered when assessing the risks of plastic pollution. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.5b02781 |
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Lee ; Orihuela, Beatriz ; Zhu, Mei ; Rittschof, Daniel</creator><creatorcontrib>Li, Heng-Xiang ; Getzinger, Gordon J ; Ferguson, P. Lee ; Orihuela, Beatriz ; Zhu, Mei ; Rittschof, Daniel</creatorcontrib><description>Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of recyclable plastics on larval survival and settlement of barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Leachates from plastics significantly increased barnacle nauplii mortality at the highest tested concentrations (0.10 and 0.50 m2/L). Hydrophobicity (measured as surface energy) was positively correlated with mortality indicating that plastic surface chemistry may be an important factor in the effects of plastics on sessile organisms. Plastic leachates significantly inhibited barnacle cyprids settlement on glass at all tested concentrations. Settlement on plastic surfaces was significantly inhibited after 24 and 48 h, but settlement was not significantly inhibited compared to the controls for some plastics after 72–96 h. In 24 h exposure to seawater, we found larval toxicity and inhibition of settlement with all seven categories of recyclable commercial plastics. Chemical analysis revealed a complex mixture of substances released in plastic leachates. Leaching of toxic compounds from all plastics should be considered when assessing the risks of plastic pollution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02781</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26667586</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Amphitrite ; Animals ; Chemical contaminants ; Habitats ; Larva - drug effects ; Leachates ; Marine ; Plastic pollution ; Plastics ; Plastics - chemistry ; Plastics - toxicity ; Risk assessment ; Seawater ; Seawater - chemistry ; Settlements & damages ; Thoracica - drug effects ; Toxicity ; Toxicity Tests</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2016-01, Vol.50 (2), p.924-931</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Jan 19, 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a460t-ea799e7e2e6e38e142053bf43e1edbc91759c62b029f2c7d8c7b47ebe13aa5c53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a460t-ea799e7e2e6e38e142053bf43e1edbc91759c62b029f2c7d8c7b47ebe13aa5c53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b02781$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b02781$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,2767,27083,27931,27932,56745,56795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667586$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Heng-Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Getzinger, Gordon J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, P. Lee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orihuela, Beatriz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rittschof, Daniel</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of recyclable plastics on larval survival and settlement of barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Leachates from plastics significantly increased barnacle nauplii mortality at the highest tested concentrations (0.10 and 0.50 m2/L). Hydrophobicity (measured as surface energy) was positively correlated with mortality indicating that plastic surface chemistry may be an important factor in the effects of plastics on sessile organisms. Plastic leachates significantly inhibited barnacle cyprids settlement on glass at all tested concentrations. Settlement on plastic surfaces was significantly inhibited after 24 and 48 h, but settlement was not significantly inhibited compared to the controls for some plastics after 72–96 h. In 24 h exposure to seawater, we found larval toxicity and inhibition of settlement with all seven categories of recyclable commercial plastics. Chemical analysis revealed a complex mixture of substances released in plastic leachates. Leaching of toxic compounds from all plastics should be considered when assessing the risks of plastic pollution.</description><subject>Amphitrite</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Chemical contaminants</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Larva - drug effects</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Plastics</subject><subject>Plastics - chemistry</subject><subject>Plastics - toxicity</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Seawater</subject><subject>Seawater - chemistry</subject><subject>Settlements & damages</subject><subject>Thoracica - drug effects</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1rGzEQxUVoiB23596KIJdCWEcfK2n36BinLRgSSAq9LbPyLN6wH46kDSnkj682dhII9KSR-L03mnmEfOVszpngF2D9HH2Yq5IJk_EjMuVKsERlin8iU8a4THKp_0zIqff3jDEhWXZCJkJrbVSmp-R5VVVog6d9Re_6p9rSNYLdQkBaub6ly75t0dkaGnrTgA-1jWhH1-Ae49Pt4B7rsYBuQ28xhAZb7MJoFrZIL8F1YBuki3a3rUtooBs8hfESXB3wMzmuoPH45XDOyO-r1d3yZ7K-_vFruVgnkGoWEgST52hQoEaZIU8FU7KsUokcN6XNuVG51SKuIK-ENZvMmjI1WCKXAMoqOSPf97471z8McV9FW3uLTfwP9oMvuNEqT4XROqJnH9D7fohTNC-UMEJwJiN1saes6713WBU7V7fg_hacFWMwRQymGNWHYKLi28F3KFvcvPGvSUTgfA-Myvee_7H7BwDomk4</recordid><startdate>20160119</startdate><enddate>20160119</enddate><creator>Li, Heng-Xiang</creator><creator>Getzinger, Gordon J</creator><creator>Ferguson, P. 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Lee</au><au>Orihuela, Beatriz</au><au>Zhu, Mei</au><au>Rittschof, Daniel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2016-01-19</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>924</spage><epage>931</epage><pages>924-931</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Plastic pollution represents a major and growing global problem. It is well-known that plastics are a source of chemical contaminants to the aquatic environment and provide novel habitats for marine organisms. The present study quantified the impacts of plastic leachates from the seven categories of recyclable plastics on larval survival and settlement of barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Leachates from plastics significantly increased barnacle nauplii mortality at the highest tested concentrations (0.10 and 0.50 m2/L). Hydrophobicity (measured as surface energy) was positively correlated with mortality indicating that plastic surface chemistry may be an important factor in the effects of plastics on sessile organisms. Plastic leachates significantly inhibited barnacle cyprids settlement on glass at all tested concentrations. Settlement on plastic surfaces was significantly inhibited after 24 and 48 h, but settlement was not significantly inhibited compared to the controls for some plastics after 72–96 h. In 24 h exposure to seawater, we found larval toxicity and inhibition of settlement with all seven categories of recyclable commercial plastics. Chemical analysis revealed a complex mixture of substances released in plastic leachates. Leaching of toxic compounds from all plastics should be considered when assessing the risks of plastic pollution.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>26667586</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.5b02781</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Amphitrite Animals Chemical contaminants Habitats Larva - drug effects Leachates Marine Plastic pollution Plastics Plastics - chemistry Plastics - toxicity Risk assessment Seawater Seawater - chemistry Settlements & damages Thoracica - drug effects Toxicity Toxicity Tests |
title | Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite |
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