Secretion systems for secondary metabolites: how producer cells send out messages of intercellular communication

Many secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics and mycotoxins) are toxic to the microorganisms that produce them. The clusters of genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites frequently contain genes for resistance to these toxic metabolites, such as different types of mult...

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Veröffentlicht in:Current opinion in microbiology 2005-06, Vol.8 (3), p.282-293
Hauptverfasser: Martín, Juan F, Casqueiro, Javier, Liras, Paloma
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creator Martín, Juan F
Casqueiro, Javier
Liras, Paloma
description Many secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics and mycotoxins) are toxic to the microorganisms that produce them. The clusters of genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites frequently contain genes for resistance to these toxic metabolites, such as different types of multiple drug resistance systems, to avoid suicide of the producer strains. Recently there has been research into the efflux systems of secondary metabolites in bacteria and in filamentous fungi, such as the large number of ATP-binding cassette transporters found in antibiotic-producing Streptomyces species and that are involved in penicillin secretion in Penicillium chrysogenum. A different group of efflux systems, the major facilitator superfamily exporters, occur very frequently in a variety of bacteria that produce pigments or antibiotics (e.g. the cephamycin and thienamycin producers) and in filamentous fungi that produce mycotoxins. Such efflux systems include the CefT exporters that mediate cephalosporin secretion in Acremonium chrysogenum. The evolutionary origin of these efflux systems and their relationship with current resistance determinants in pathogenic bacteria has been analyzed. Genetic improvement of the secretion systems of secondary metabolites in the producer strain has important industrial applications.
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subjects Acremonium - cytology
Acremonium - metabolism
Amino Acid Sequence
Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism
Anti-Bacterial Agents - toxicity
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Biological and medical sciences
Bodily Secretions - physiology
Carrier Proteins - genetics
Carrier Proteins - metabolism
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Streptomyces - cytology
Streptomyces - metabolism
title Secretion systems for secondary metabolites: how producer cells send out messages of intercellular communication
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